Professional Documents
Culture Documents
quickly than
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crafts 5.5....................
DIY 5.6....................
computer games 5.7....................
Question 6 (Question ID: 10-227082)
Dolphins live with their families. They like to play in the water and to jump Q6.1.................... of the
water and back in again.
A lot of people Q6.2.................... sailboats say that dolphins like to be near people. They come very
near to boats and sometimes they Q6.3.................... with the boats for days.
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 which are based on Reading Passage 2
below.
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Toshisada Nishida of Kyoto University in Japan and renowned British primatologist Jane Goodall
launched their studies of wild chimpanzees at two field sites in Tanzania. (Goodall’s research station
at Gombe—the first of its kind—is more famous, but Nishida’s site at Mahale is the second oldest
chimpanzee research site in the world.)
D
During these primary studies, as the chimpanzees became more and more accustomed to close
observation, the remarkable discoveries emerged. Researchers witnessed a variety of unexpected
behaviours, ranging from fashioning and using tools, hunting, meat eating, food sharing to lethal
fights between members of neighbouring communities.
E
In 1973, 13 forms of tool use and 8 social activities which appeared to differ between the Gombe
chimpanzees and chimpanzee species elsewhere were recorded by Goodall. She speculated that
some variations shared what she referred to as a ‘cultural origin’. But what exactly did Goodall
mean by ‘culture’? According to the Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary, culture is defined as
‘the customs. . .and achievements of a particular time or people.’ The diversity of human cultures
extends from technological variations to marriage rituals, from culinary habits to myths and
legends. Of course, animals do not have myths and legends, but they do share the capacity to pass
on behavioural traits from one generation to another, not through their genes but via learning. From
biologists’ view, this is the fundamental criterion for a cultural trait—something can be learnt by
observing the established skills of others and then passed on to following generations.
F
What are the implications for chimpanzees themselves? We must place a high value upon the tragic
loss of chimpanzees, who are decimated just when finally we are coming to appreciate these
astonishing animals more completely. The population of chimpanzees has plummeted and
continued to fall due to illegal trapping, logging and, most recently, the bushmeat trade within the
past century. The latter is particularly alarming because logging has driven roadways, which are now
used to ship wild animal meat—including chimpanzee meat to consumers as far afield as Europe,
into forests. Such destruction threatens not only the animals themselves but also a host of
fascinatingly different ape cultures.
G
However, the cultural richness of the ape may contribute to its salvation. For example, the
conservation efforts have already altered the attitudes of some local people. After several
organisations showed videotapes illustrating the cognitive prowess of chimpanzees, one Zairian
viewer was heard to exclaim, ‘Ah, this ape is so like me, I can no longer eat him.’
H
How did an international team of chimpanzee experts perform the most comprehensive survey of
the animals ever attempted? Although scientists have been delving into chimpanzee culture for
several decades, sometimes their studies contained a fatal defect. So far, most attempts to document
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cultural diversity among chimpanzees have solely relied upon officially published accounts of the
behaviours reported at each research site. But this approach probably neglects a good deal of
cultural variation for three reasons.
I
First, scientists normally don’t publish an extensive list of all the activities they do not see at a
particular location. Yet this is the very information we need to know—which behaviours were and
were not observed at each site. Second, there are many reports describing chimpanzee behaviours
without expressing how common they are; without this information, we can’t determine whether a
particular action was a transient phenomenon or a routine event that should be considered part of its
culture. Finally, researchers’ description of potentially significant chimpanzee behaviours often
lacks sufficient detail, which makes it difficult for scientists from other spots to report the presence
or absence of the activities.
J
To tackle these problems, my colleague and I determined to take a new approach. We asked field
researchers at each site to list all the behaviours which they suspected were local traditions. With
this information, we assembled a comprehensive list of 65 candidates for cultural behaviours.
K
Then we distributed our list to team leaders at each site. They consulted with their colleagues and
classified each behaviour regarding its occurrence or absence in the chimpanzee community. The
major brackets contained customary behaviour (occurs in most or all of the able-bodied members
of at least one age or sex class, such as all adult males), habitual (less common than customary but
occurs repeatedly in several individuals), present (observed at the site but not habitual), absent
(never seen), and unknown.
Question 7 (Question ID: 10-227092)
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
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Line Từ lỗi Phương án sửa
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it is important to have a genuine Q15.9....................of a subject. You can Q15.10....................a lot of
time memorizing books, without understanding anything about the subject.
Q15.1. A. educated B. learnt C. graduated D. taught
Q15.2. A. get B. make C. give D. take
Q15.3. A. examples B. rules C. sciences D. results
Q15.4. A. research B. look C. find D. get
Q15.5. A. subjects B. advice C. themes D. information
Q15.6. A. afterward B. before C. towards D. after
Q15.7. A. instructions B. help C. ability D. teaching
Q15.8. A. how B. why C. where D. what
Q15.9. A. understanding B. success C. attention D. information
Q15.10. A. pass B. waste C. want D. tell
Read the following text about doing yoga and do the tasks that follow.
Yoga originates in India and it is good for both your body and mind. Anyone can do yoga - women
or men, adults or children. Special children's classes are devised to help them to cope with pressures
they feel from their schoolwork. By learning how to co-ordinate breathing and movement, yoga
helps them to develop body awareness, self-control, and flexibility. Taking up yoga also helps them
to focus and become better with daily routines. Start doing yoga by setting aside a regular time for
it. Go slowly, listen to your body and don't push it too far as yoga is not a competitive sport. Study
each pose and practise it as ỵou control ỵour body and mind. Prepare well before each session:
avoid tight clothing and a full stomach. An ideal time to do yoga is berore breakfast.
Question 16 (Question ID: 10-267596)
1. It's important that you do yoga regularly.
A. True
B. False
Dear Margaret,
Thank you for helping me with my English homework yesterday after school. As you already
know, English is not my first language, so I am having a hard time following the class. You gave me
such good tips on how to write my book report. It was very helpful.
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If you are interested in learning Spanish, let me know. I can teach you. Thanks again for your help.
Sincerely,
Joanne
Question 17 (Question ID: 10-152036)
Why does Joanne feel hard to learn English?
A. because English is not her first language
B. because she doesn't like English
C. because she doesn't want to do her English homework
Question 18 (Question ID: 10-96454)
Why does Joanne write to Margaret?
A. To ask Margaret for a Spanish lesson
B. To tell Margaret about an English test
C. To thank Margaret for helping her
Question 19 (Question ID: 10-96455)
How does Joanne feel about Margaret's help?
A. She was uncomfortable.
B. It was helpful.
C. It was a waste of time.
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Đáp án (Answers Key)
Quiz ID: 5987
Question 1. Question 2.
1.1 test / quiz We’re trying to balance out the scale
Question 3. Question 4.
Not everyone agrees with Reese’s view. 4.1 than
4.2 quickly
Question 5. Question 6.
5.1 surfing 6.1 out
5.2 watching 6.2 who
5.3 reading 6.3 swim
5.4 doing Question 7.
5.5 making 7.1 in the 1960s
5.6 doing 7.2 Tanzania
5.7 playing 7.3 close observation
7.4 cultural
Question 8. Question 9.
1-C 2-B 3-G 4-E 5-F I find it wonderful that children learn things
6-A 7-D quickly.
Question 10. Question 11.
We asked for some food because of being Each sentence has one grammar mistake. Find
hungryhungerour hungerthe fact that we were the mistake and correct it.
hungrytest. 1. I enjoy read (reading) the article that you
told me about yesterday.
2. My mum can't sleep because she drinks such
(too) much coffee.
3. He hasn't come back to his hometown for
(since) 2000.
4. He can remember to (Từ thừa) be (being) in
the hospital when he was four.
5. She wishes she could speak English fluent
(fluently).
Question 12. Question 13.
A. snow
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She said that she was working in a restaurant C. rain
then. D. sleet
Question 14. A Question 15.
15.1 D 15.2 B 15.3 A 15.4 B
15.5 D 15.6 A 15.7 A 15.8 A
15.9 A 15.10 B
Question 16. A Question 17. A
Question 18. C Question 19. B
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