EXPERIMENT NO.

MEASUREMENT OF REFRACTIVE INDEX

DATA SHEET

Date: March 3, 2021 Score ____________

Group No.: 7

MEMBER STUDENT ID

Leader Austria, Jeremy Kyle Edson A. 201914365

Members: Andallo, Jan Arvee V. 201912478

Castro, Sean Carlo SA. 201914626

Chua, Ma. Angelica B. 201914283

Reyes, Joserie Joice P. 201914413

I. ABBE’S REFRACTOMETER SIMULATION

A. Refractive Indices at Different Temperatures (5 data points)

Sample: Toluene Light source: Sodium Light

Computed Observe Refractive

Temperature (0C) Polarisability (GPa)
Refractive Index (η) Index (η)

-80 31.73809x10-23 1.5062 1.533

-40 30.59667x10-23 1.4557 1.515

0 29.45799x10-23 1.4133 1.497

40 28.32223x10-23 1.3769 1.479

80 27.18960x10-23 1.3449 1.461

B. Refractive Indices using different light sources (5 data points)

Sample: Toluene Temperature: 350C

Light source Polarisability Computed Refractive Observe Refractive

(Wavelength) (GPa) Index (η) Index (η)

Sodium Light (589nm) 2.846403E-22 1.383 1.481

Green Light (532nm) 1.950001E-22 1.254 1.379

Red Light (652nm) 3.850667E-22 1.554 1.639

Neon Light (632nm) 3.528591E-22 1.491 1.590

II. BENDING OF LIGHT

Medium Refractive Index

Sample Ray Refractive Index (η)
(η)

Mystery A 1.500 2.4228

Mystery B 1.500 1.4002

 COMPUTATIONS

I. ABBE’S REFRACTOMETER SIMULATION

A. Refractive Indices at Different Temperatures

Sample: Toluene Light source: Sodium Light

FORMULA CONVERSION:
Density Polarisability

𝐶1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑑𝑚 1𝑥10−2 𝑚 3 𝑔
𝜌= 3ԑ0 𝑀(𝑛2 − 1) x( 𝑥 ) x
𝑇 𝐶4 𝛼𝜌 = 𝑑𝑚3 1𝑥10−1 𝑚 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶2
(1+(1−
𝐶3
) ) 𝑁𝐴 𝜌(𝑛2 + 2)

Computations in Microsoft Excel:

Temperature M
Temperature (K) Polarisability constant Ԑ
(˚C) (g/mol)
-80 193 3.1738E-22 3 1 92.14

-40 233 3.0597E-22 3 1 92.14

0 273 2.9458E-22 3 1 92.14

40 313 2.8322E-22 3 1 92.14

80 353 2.7190E-22 3 1 92.14

Avogradro's
C1 C2 C3 C4 Exponent Denominator
No.
6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.279359 0.188496

6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.238557 0.198799

6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.202451 0.208385

6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.169918 0.217418

6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.140207 0.226009

 Density
3ԑM/Nρ n^2 n
mol/dm^3 g/cm^3

4.6643 0.42976815 1.0679E-21 2.2686796648942E+00 1.5062

4.4226 0.40749424 1.1263E-21 2.1190026108106E+00 1.4557

4.2191 0.38874899 1.1806E-21 1.9974735415639E+00 1.4133

4.0438 0.37259809 1.2317E-21 1.8957921525507E+00 1.3769

3.8901 0.35843545 1.2804E-21 1.8088099350760E+00 1.3449

B. Refractive Indices using different light sources

Sample: Toluene Temperature: 35˚C

FORMULA CONVERSION:
Density Polarisability

𝐶1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑑𝑚 1𝑥10−2 𝑚 3 𝑔
𝜌= 3ԑ0 𝑀(𝑛2 − 1) x( 𝑥 ) x
𝑇 𝐶4 𝛼𝜌 = 𝑑𝑚3 1𝑥10−1 𝑚 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶2
(1+(1−
𝐶3
) ) 𝑁𝐴 𝜌(𝑛2 + 2)

Computations in Microsoft Excel:

Light source Polarisability Temperature Temperature

Ԑ constant M (g/mol)
(Wavelength) (GPa) (˚C) (K)

Sodium Light
2.846403E-22 35 303 1 3 92.14
(589nm)

Green Light
1.950001E-22 35 303 1 3 92.14
(532nm)

Red Light (652nm) 3.850667E-22 35 303 1 3 92.14

Neon Light
3.528591E-22 35 303 1 3 92.14
(632nm)
Avogradro's
C1 C2 C3 C4 Exponent Denominator
No.

6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.177762 0.215205

6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.177762 0.215205

6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.177762 0.215205

6.023E+23 0.8792 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 1.177762 0.215205

Density
3ԑM/Nρ n^2 n
mol/dm^3 g/cm^3

4.0854 0.37642974 1.2192E-21 1.913721E+00 1.3834

4.0854 0.37642974 1.2192E-21 1.571181E+00 1.2535

4.0854 0.37642974 1.2192E-21 2.384921E+00 1.5443

4.0854 0.37642974 1.2192E-21 2.221904E+00 1.4906

II. BENDING OF LIGHT

FORMULA:
Snell’s Law

𝑛1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 = 𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2

Mystery A Mystery B
𝑛1 = 1.5 𝑛1 = 1
𝜃1 = 54.1° 𝜃1 = 54.1°
𝜃2 = 30.1° 𝜃2 = 60.2°
𝑛2 =? 𝑛2 =?

𝑛1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 = 𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 𝑛1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 = 𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2

𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1
= =
𝑛1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 𝑛1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 (𝑛1 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 (𝑛1 )

𝑛2 = 𝑛2 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2

𝑠𝑖𝑛54.1(1.5) 𝑠𝑖𝑛54.1(1.5)
𝑛2 = 𝑛2 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛30.1 𝑠𝑖𝑛60.2
𝒏𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟖 𝒏𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟐
 SIMULATION SCREENSHOTS

I. ABBE’S REFRACTOMETER SIMULATION

A. Refractive Indices at Different Temperatures

B. Refractive Indices using different light sources
Sodium Light

Green Light
Red Light

Neon Light
II. BENDING LIGHT

Mystery A

Mystery B