© Canadian Standards Association Design of concrete structures

0.5h
bw sz
sz = d v εx

Act Flexural 0.5h

tension
As side
Area >
– 0.003bwsz

Figure 11.2
Terms in shear design equations
(See Clauses 2.3 and 11.3.6.3.)

11.3.6.4 General method

The value of β shall be determined from the following equation:
0.40 1300
β = • (11-11)
(1+ 1500ε x ) (1000 + sze )

For sections containing at least the minimum transverse reinforcement required by Equation (11-1),
the equivalent crack spacing parameter, sze , in Equation (11-11) shall be taken as equal to 300 mm.
Otherwise, sze shall be computed using Equation (11-10). If fc’ exceeds 70 MPa, the term ag shall be taken
as zero in Equation (11-10). As fc’ goes from 60 to 70 MPa, ag shall be linearly reduced to zero.

The angle of inclination, θ, of the diagonal compressive stresses shall be calculated as

θ = 29 + 7000εx (11-12)
In lieu of more accurate calculations, the longitudinal strain, ε x , at mid-depth of the cross-section shall be
computed from

Mf / dv + Vf − Vp + 0.5Nf − Ap fpo
εx =
(
2 E s As + E p Ap ) (11-13)

In evaluating Equation (11-13), the following conditions shall apply:

(a) Vf and Mf shall be taken as positive quantities and Mf shall not be taken as less than (Vf – Vp) dv .
(b) In calculating As , the area of bars that are terminated less than their development length from the
section under consideration shall be reduced in proportion to their lack of full development.
(c) If the value of ε x calculated from Equation (11-13) is negative, it shall be taken as zero or the value
shall be recalculated with the denominator of Equation (11-13) replaced by 2(EsAs + Ep A p + Ec Ac t ).
However, ε x shall not be taken as less than –0.20 × 10–3.
(d) For sections closer than dv to the face of the support, the value of ε x calculated at dv from the face of
the support may be used in evaluating β and θ .
(e) If the axial tension is large enough to crack the flexural compression face of the section, the resulting
increase in εx shall be taken into account. In lieu of more accurate calculations, the value calculated
from Equation (11-13) shall be doubled.
(f) β and θ may be determined from Equations (11-11) and (11-12), respectively, using a value of ε x that
is greater than that calculated from Equation (11-13). However, ε x shall not be taken greater than
3.0 × 10–3.

December 2004 59