Reactions of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatics

Perform the following tests with the following hydrocarbons, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and
methylbenzene (toluene) and take photos of each reaction (before and after the organic
chemical is added to the reagent(s). They are labelled as unknowns A, B, and C. You
must figure out which one is which from the following tests.

1. BROMINE(yellowish/orange solution) in an INERT SOLVENT

Add 2.0 mL of each hydrocarbon to 1 mL of bromine in CCl4. Shake the test-tubes well. Put the test-
tubes that have not reacted with bromine in the sunlight for 30 minutes. Place into the test-tube
rack which is located outside the lab in the sunlight (UV).

2. AQUEOUS BROMINE(yellowish/orange solution)

Add 2.0 mL of each hydrocarbon to 1 mL of bromine in water. Shake well.

3. SOLUBILITY
Add 2.0 mL of each hydrocarbon to 1 mL of water. Shake the test-tubes well.

4. ALKALINE POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (purple solution)

Add 2.0 mL of each hydrocarbon to 2 mL of alkaline KMnO4 and shake well.

5. IGNITION
Using a dropper add each hydrocarbon onto a crucible lid and ignite the hydrocarbon directly.

Analysis:
Mind Maps:
Determine the organic compound of each unknown and write the Letter, Name of Compound and
draw the line structure. This will be the centre structure of each mind map.
Each branch of the mind map should include all chemical reactions, reagents, catalysts, etc. *if there is
no reaction state: no reaction.
Each branch should state what type of reaction each organic compound undergoes, i.e. addition,
substitution, elimination and/or oxidation, reduction, condensation or hydrolysis?
You may also want to include/draw/explain:
The way each organic compound burned. Why do you think they burned differently?
Which hydrocarbon is saturated, which is unsaturated and which is aromatic?

Appendix:
Photos Labelled as in APA
Figure 1: Hydrocarbons Reacted with Bromine in Water