Aim:- To determine the melting point of the given organic solid substance, Benzoic

acid.
Theory: - The temperature at which the solid melt is called its melting point.
Crystalline solids have sharp melting point with in a range of 1o C . if impurities are
present in the substance, it lowers the melting point of the substance. Therefore,
determination of melting point is s method to check the purity of a solid substance.
Requirements

Thermometer, beaker or Thiele’s tube, iron stand with clamp, Bunsen burner, tripod
stand, wire gauze, stirrer, capillary tube, spatula, conc. H 2 S O4 , Benzoic acid

Procedure

1. Take a capillary tube and seal its one end by heating.

2. Powder the benzoic acid.
3. For filling the benzoic acid in the capillary tube, make a heap of the benzoic
acid on the porous plate.
4. Push the open end of the capillary tube into the heap. Some substance will
enter into it. Now tap the sealed end of the capillary tube on the porous plate
gently. Fill the capillary tube up to 2-3 cm.

5. Attach the capillary tube to a thermometer which is immersed in conc. H 2 S O4

taken in a beaker or Thiele’s tube. The surface tension of the acid is
sufficient to hold the capillary tube in position.
6. Heat the beaker or side arm of Thiele’s tube slowly and go on stirring the
liquid in the beaker so that the temperature remains uniform throughout.
7. The temperature is noted when the substance starts melting. The
temperature is noted again when it is completely melted.
8. The average of the two readings gives the melting point of the substance.
Observations: -
Temperature at which benzoic acid begins to melt, t 1=12 0o C
Temperature at which benzoic acid completely melts, t 2=121 o C
Calculation: -
t 1 +t 2 120+121
Average melting point= = =120. 5o C
2 2

Result: - Melting point of Benzoic acid =120. 5o C

Precautions: -
1. Keep the lower end of the capillary tube and the thermometer at the same
level.
2. Capillary tube should not be very thick.
3. Packing of the powder should be uniform without any big air gaps in between
the solid particles.
4. Heating should be gradual.
5. Bulb of the thermometer should not touch the sides of Thiele’s tube or the
bottom of the beaker
6. Thiele’s tube should be heated at the side arm by using a low flame.
Aim:- To determine the boiling point of the given liquid organic compound, Aniline.
Theory: - The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which vapour pressure of
the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. The boiling point of a liquid
increases if any non-volatile impurity is present in it. The boiling point is an
important physical property of a liquid which is used to check the purity of a liquid.
Requirements

Thermometer, Thiele’s tube, iron stand with clamp, Bunsen burner, capillary tube,
ignition tube, conc. H 2 S O4 , Aniline

Procedure: -

1. Fill Thiele’s tube with the conc. H 2 S O 4 s.

2. Take an ignition tube and fill it about two-third with aniline
3. Tie the ignition tube with the thermometer with a rubber band . Note that the
lower end of the ignition tube and the thermometer bulb are at the same
level.
4. Seal one end of the capillary tube by heating in the flame. Place the capillary
tube with its open end dipped in the aniline present in the ignition tube.
5. Heat the side arm of Thiele’s tube with a low flame.
6. Observe the escape of bubbles at the lower end of the capillary dipped in the
liquid organic compound, aniline.
7. Note the temperature at which bubbles start coming briskly and continuously.
8. Remove the flame and note the temperature when the evolution of bubbles
from the end of the capillary tube stops.
9. The average of these two temperatures gives the boiling point of aniline.
 Observations: -
Temperature at which bubbles formation takes place, t 1=1 85 o C
Temperature at which rapid bubbles just stops, t 2=18 3o C

Calculation: -

t 1+t 2 1 85+1 83 o
Average boiling point= = =1 8 4 C
2 2

Result: - Boiling point the Aniline is =18 4 o C

Precautions:-
1. Record the temperature as the boiling point at which brisk and continuous
evolution of the bubbles starts from the lower end of the capillary dipped in
the liquid organic compound.
2. Keep the lower end of the ignition tube and the thermometer bulb at the
same level.
3. Heat the side arm of the Thiele’s tube gently.