Aramid

Fibers

19 FEBRUARY

Encadrée par : Abdellatif TOUZANI

Réalisé par : El Marouani Mohammed Anass

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 Table of contents

Historical

Definition

Properties

Utilisation

Application

Price

Conclusion

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 Historical

The history of aramid fibers dates back to the 1960s,

when researchers at DuPont were conducting research on
high-strength and heat-resistant fibers. In the early 1960s,
DuPont scientist Stephanie Kwolek developed a new form of
synthetic polymer known as aramid-based polyamide, which
became known as Kevlar.

Kevlar was introduced to the market in 1971 and quickly found

a wide range of applications, including bulletproof vests for
police and military, high-performance tires, reinforcement
composites for wind turbines, and flame-resistant protective
clothing.

Since then, many other forms of aramid fibers have been

developed, each with unique properties for specific
applications. Today, aramid fibers are considered some of the
most advanced and performant materials in the fields of
protection and performance, and are used in a variety of
products and industries around the world.

Over the years, aramid fibers have undergone continuous

improvement in terms of strength, durability, and reliability,
making them even more popular for a wide range of
applications. Technological advances have also allowed for
exploring new uses for aramid fibers, such as sports textiles,
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reinforcing cables for bridges and buildings, and lightweight
construction materials for vehicles and aircraft.

In addition to their exceptional performance, aramid fibers are

also appreciated for their durability and ability to resist wear
and degradation, making them ideal for critical applications
where safety and reliability are essential.

The aramid fiber industry is constantly evolving, with new

technological advancements and new applications in
development all the time. Aramid fibers continue to play a
critical role in protecting and enhancing the performance of
many products around the world, and it is likely that their use
will continue to grow as the need for safety and performance
intensifies.

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 Definition
Les fibres d'aramide sont des fibres synthétiques très
résistantes qui sont souvent utilisées dans les applications
à hautes performances, telles que les matériaux de
construction de véhicules, les équipements de protection
personnelle, les pneus renforcés, les cordages, les
vêtements de protection et les renforts de composites. Les
fibres d'aramide sont souvent choisies en raison de leur
résistance élevée à la traction, de leur résistance à la
déchirure et de leur faible allongement.

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 Properties

Chemical resistance
The unique molecular and crystalline structure of Aramid
Fiber, in conjunction with the closed morphology of its
filaments, prevents chemicals from penetrating the
polymer structure of the material. Resistance to organic
chemicals is therefore excellent, while resistance to
inorganic chemicals varies according to pH value.
Concentrated solutions of strong acids and strong bases
will result in hydrolytic degradation, especially at elevated
temperatures.

Dimensional stability

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The dimensional stability of the reinforcing material is
often key in many applications. The high modulus of
Aramid Fiber ensures that the end-use product shows
minimal deformation under a wide range of loading
conditions. What’s more, the end-use product maintains
its required dimensions over a long period of time due to
the very low and quickly diminishing creep behavior of
Aramid Fiber. In fact, the material stabilizes even further at
higher temperatures, indicated by a further reduction in
creep. In addition, the material has a small, negative
thermal expansion coefficient of only a few ppm/°C,
further contributing to the high dimensional stability of
the yarn. Lastly, Aramid Fiber does not experience
shrinkage when exposed to hot air.

Thermal properties
The unique mechanical properties of Aramid Fiber make it
suitable for use in applications over a very wide
temperature range. In particular, Aramid Fiber has no
melting point, and only starts to decompose once the
ambient temperature reaches 500 °C (932 °F). For heat-
resistant applications, exposure to temperatures above
250 °C (482 °F) is not recommended, to ensure fit-for-use
strength retention. Furthermore, Aramid Fiber mostly
maintains its mechanical properties at very low
temperatures of - 200 °C (-328 °F) or below. The thermal
isolation behavior of Aramid Fiber products is excellent
due to the very low heat conductivity of the yarn.
Furthermore, the high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of
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Aramid Fiber means that, when exposed to fire, the
material ceases to burn as soon as it is removed from
flame.

Comparison of technical performance

with other types of materials

Types:
High Strength Para-aramid Twaron:
Delivers higher strength, lower weight and improved durability. Whether
you are involved in automotive, protective, defense, marine or beyond

High Strength Para-aramid Technora:

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Eight times as strong as steel and offers high modulus,
excellent heat and chemical resistances. Thanks to its
combination of unique properties, it can be used for the
most challenging applications: from transmission belts
and automotive hoses to ropes, umbilicals and flowlines.

High Heat-resistant Meta Aramid Teijin-Conex:

Offering excellent resistance to heat, flames and
chemicals, it keeps people safe, even in the most
challenging environments. By being highly flexible
andeasily dyable, it has been widely used for
manufacturers of personal protective apparel across the
world.

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 Domains of Aramid Fiber

Aramid fibers are used in a wide range of industries and

applications due to their high strength and durability. Here are
some of the domains where aramid fibers are used:

1. Defense: Aramid fibers are used to make body armor,

helmets, and protective clothing for military and law

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 enforcement personnel. They are also used in bullet-
resistant vests and other protective equipment.
2. Aerospace: Aramid fibers are used in the construction of
aircraft components, such as landing gear, rotor blades,
and engine components, due to their high strength-to-
weight ratio and resistance to heat and impact.
3. Automotive: Aramid fibers are used in high-performance
tires, brakes, and suspension systems, as well as in the
manufacture of automotive parts and components.
4. Sporting goods: Aramid fibers are used to make tennis
racquets, skis, snowboards, and other sports equipment
due to their high strength and stiffness.
5. Industrial: Aramid fibers are used in the construction of
high-strength ropes, cables, and cords for a variety of
industrial applications, such as in the oil and gas industry,
shipping, and construction.
6. Composites: Aramid fibers are used as reinforcement in
composite materials, such as in the manufacture of high-
strength lightweight panels, wind turbine blades, and
infrastructure.
7. Marine: Aramid fibers are used in the construction of high-
performance boats and ships, as well as in marine ropes,
lines, and fenders. They offer excellent resistance to
abrasion and UV light, making them ideal for use in harsh
marine environments.
8. Textiles: Aramid fibers are used in the manufacture of
high-performance fabrics and textiles, such as flame-
resistant and heat-resistant clothing, as well as protective
clothing for industrial workers.
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9. Textiles: Aramid fibers are used in the manufacture of
high-performance fabrics and textiles, such as flame-
resistant and heat-resistant clothing, as well as protective
clothing for industrial workers.

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 Application(Technora)
Aramid fibers have a wide range of applications due to their
unique combination of high strength, durability, and heat
resistance. Some of the most common applications of aramid
fibers include:

1. Protective Gear: Technora is widely used in various types

of protective gear due to its exceptional strength,
durability, and resistance to heat and abrasion. In addition
to the examples mentioned earlier, Technora is also used
in bulletproof vests and gloves for law enforcement and
military personnel. This is due to its excellent ballistic
resistance, which helps to protect against projectiles and
other ballistic threats.
2. Automotive and Aerospace: In the automotive and
aerospace industries, Technora is used to reinforce
components and parts that require high strength and
durability. For example, Technora is used in brake pads
and tires to provide better performance and longer life,
while also reducing weight. In aircraft, Technora is used in
various parts such as wing spars, fuselage frames, and
engine components due to its high strength-to-weight
ratio, heat resistance, and resistance to abrasion.
3. Industrial Ropes and Cables: Technora is used in industrial
ropes and cables for a wide range of applications. For
example, it is used in mining applications for ropes that
are required to withstand the harsh conditions and high
abrasion. Technora is also used in marine applications

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 such as mooring lines and lifting slings due to its
resistance to seawater, sunlight, and other environmental
factors.
4. High-Performance Sporting Equipment: Technora is widely
used in high-performance sporting equipment due to its
high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent abrasion
resistance, and durability. In tennis, Technora is used in
racquets to provide better performance, power, and
control. In hockey, Technora is used in sticks to provide
strength, durability, and better control. Technora is also
used in bowstrings for archery, providing better speed,
accuracy, and consistency.
5. Firefighter Equipment: Technora is used in firefighter
equipment such as jackets, helmets, and gloves due to its
high resistance to heat and flame. In addition to providing
protection against fire, Technora also helps to keep the
gear lightweight and comfortable to wear, which is
important for firefighters working in dangerous and
demanding environments.
6. Military Applications: Technora is used in various military
applications due to its exceptional strength, durability, and
resistance to harsh conditions. It is used in body armor
and helmets to provide protection against high impact
and ballistic energy. Technora is also used in vehicle armor
and other military equipment to provide better protection
and performance.

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 7. Textiles: Aramid fibers are used in the production of high-
performance fabrics and textiles, such as flame-resistant
and heat-resistant clothing. The high resistance of aramid
fibers to heat, flame, and abrasion makes them ideal for
use in protective clothing, as well as in industrial and
firefighting applications.

Advantages :
1. High strength-to-weight ratio: Technora is known for its
exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, which makes it a
valuable material in applications where high strength and
durability are required while keeping weight to a
minimum.
2. Resistance to harsh conditions: Technora is resistant to
heat, chemicals, abrasion, and many other harsh
conditions, making it a valuable material in many
industries where exposure to such conditions is common.
3. Durability: Technora has excellent resistance to fatigue,
which means it can withstand repeated loading cycles
without losing its mechanical properties.
4. Low creep: Technora has low creep, which means it
maintains its strength and stiffness over time, even under
sustained loads.
5. Flame-resistant: Technora is inherently flame-resistant,
making it suitable for use in applications where fire safety
is important.

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Disadvantages :

1. High cost: Technora is a premium material, and its high

cost can limit its use in some applications.
2. Low elongation: Technora has low elongation, which
means it is susceptible to damage if subjected to large
deformations or impacts.
3. Sensitivity to UV radiation: Technora is sensitive to UV
radiation and may degrade over time if exposed to
sunlight for extended periods.
4. Limited color options: Technora is available in limited
colors, which may limit its use in some applications where
color matching is important.
5. Difficult to dye: Technora is difficult to dye, which may
limit its use in applications where a specific color is
required.

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Technora is a type of aramid fiber known for its exceptional
strength and resistance to heat, chemicals, and abrasion. Some
of its key properties include:

 High tensile strength: Technora has a tensile strength that

is about 8 times stronger than steel, making it ideal for
applications where strength is critical.
 Good chemical resistance: Technora is highly resistant to a
variety of chemicals, making it useful for applications
where exposure to harsh chemicals is a concern.
 High melting point: Technora has a melting point of
around 600 degrees Celsius, which makes it resistant to
heat and fire.
 Excellent abrasion resistance: Technora is highly resistant
to abrasion, making it useful for applications that require
durability and toughness.

Technora was first developed by Teijin Limited in the 1980s

and has since been used in a wide range of applications,
including automotive and aerospace components, industrial
ropes and cables, protective gear, and high-performance
sporting equipment. Its high strength and durability have
made it a popular choice in industries that require materials
that can withstand extreme conditions.

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Comparison between Technora and others aramid fiber:

Applications of Technora:
Technora® yarns excel in end products where the application is
subjected to highly demanding conditions. In particular,
demanding application environments require reliable
reinforcement materials where the risk of failure is minimized. On
the next pages key examples of applications are shown where
Technora® offers the solution to these challenges.

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Price:

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 Conclusion
Aramid fibers are a type of synthetic fiber that is renowned for
its exceptional strength, durability, and heat resistance. They
have been used in a wide range of applications, including
personal protective equipment, composites, electrical
insulation, and transportation. Aramid fibers are made from a
class of polymer known as aramids, which are characterized by
their high molecular weight and rigid molecular structure.

There are several types of aramid fibers, including Kevlar,

Twaron, and Technora, each with its own unique properties
and applications. Some of the key properties of aramid fibers
include high strength, high modulus, high heat resistance, low
thermal shrinkage, and chemical resistance. These properties
make aramid fibers ideal for critical applications where safety
and reliability are essential.

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The aramid fiber industry is constantly evolving, with new
technological advancements and new applications in
development all the time. The development of aramid fibers
has had a significant impact on many industries, providing
products with enhanced safety and performance.

In conclusion, aramid fibers are a versatile and reliable material

that have become a critical component in many products
around the world. Their exceptional properties and growing list
of applications make them an important material for the
future.

References
 Teijin Aramid: https://www.teijinaramid.com/
 DuPont: https://www.dupont.com/products-and-
services/plastics-polymers-resins/aramid-fibers.html
 Hyosung Corporation:
https://www.hyosung.com/business/fibers-
intermediates/aramid-fiber
 Yantai Tayho Advanced Materials Co., Ltd:
https://www.tayho.com/aramid-fiber.html
 Jiangsu Tongyuan Composite Material Co., Ltd:
https://www.tyaramid.com/

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