For questions 1 10, listen to the report about the history of tea and complete the summary using

For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about the science of motivation and decide whether these
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBER for each gap. Write your answers in the space statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG). Write your answers in the corresponding
provided. numbered boxes provided.
According to legend, after having been poisoned 72 times, the (1.) ____________________ Shennong just after one
chewed on a stray leaf that helped revive him, thus discovering tea.
Archaeological evidence pointed to tea as a 6,000-year-old invention, appearing around 2. The study conducted by MIT suggests that rewards are more inclined to impair cognitive tasks than
____________________ before the Great Pyramids of Giza. Originally, tea was considered food, but those requiring physical agility.
gradually shifted to drink when people recognized (2.) ____________________ could be combined to 3. When people are offered rewards for a previously unrewarded performance, changes in their brain
produce a complex and varied taste. After several centuries, the standard preparation involved heating tea activities can be identified.
and packing it into (3.) 4. Mental contrasting, the strategy that aims to wipe out negative concerns about impending setbacks, is
the key to achieving goals.
5. The what-the-hell effect describes the feeling of being guilty and the willpower to correct the mistake
artistic endeavors, with (4.) ____________________ drawn in tea foam. Similarly, the Japanese also after having overindulged.
Your answers
until the 14th century, during the (6.) ____________________. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Alongside porcelain and silk, tea was one of three (7.) ____________________. Since China still held a
virtual monopoly on its supply, affording the nation a great deal of power as tea drinking spread around the
world. By the 1600s, Dutch traders brought (8.) ____________________ of tea to Europe, but its popularity
among the English aristocracy was credited to Queen Catherine of Braganza, a (9.)
____________________.
In the 1700s, coffee prices were only one-tenth that of tea, which was still exclusive to China. The intense
competition between trading companies resulted in the creation of (10.) ____________________ in hopes
of maximizing profit.
Your answers
1 6

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 10
For questions 1 5, listen to a recording about the melting border between Italy and Switzerland
and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each
answer.
1 we spend 90% of our time indoors and yet the Sun is still a powerful force (2.) ____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. In rugged terrain, apart from careful measurements, what have been maintained to track border records?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What forms the border on many Alpine peaks?
________________________________________________________________________
4. According to an agreement to which Italy was a signatory, what was the Alps regarded as?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. As mentioned in the recording, what can be affected by rising sea levels?
_________________________________________________________________________
For questions 1 10, listen to a study about the Sun and complete the summary using NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBER for each gap. Write your answers in the space provided.
Despite being fairly ordinary by stellar standards, the Sun is very special to us as it makes life on Earth
possible. In some ways, modern life has (1.) ____________________ from the Sun. In the developed world
our lives.
The Sun affects our (3.) ____________________. The (4.) ____________________ are scattered when
the Sun rises or sets in the sky, leaving only the yellow and the red part of the spectrum, giving the
appearance of a golden glow. The rotation of the Earth on its axis also means the Sun is (5.)
____________________ in our biology. When sunlight enters the eye, it sends signals to a master clock in
our brain called (6.) ____________________, which regulates everything from our sleep schedule to
digestion. Messing with this (7.) ____________________ can cause us to feel under the weather. Even just
Being o
____________________ with the Sun and some scientists say this could be causing a public health crisis.
Studies have also shown we are more likely to (10.) ____________________ on tips and luxury goods
when the sun is shining, and crime rates are similarly reduced.
Your answers
1 6
2 7
3 8
4 9
5 10