SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT STRUCTURAL THEORY LABORATORY PLATE NO.1 DEFINITION OF TERMS PREPARED BY: LORENZ BLAISE GALVEZ STUDENT NO: 20-1-03979 PREPARED FOR: ENGR. CRISPIN S. LICTAOA PROFESSOR DATE ‘OF SUBMISSION: SEPTEMBER 7. 20221. Structural Analysis ~/s the prediction of the performance of a given structure under presecibed loads or other external aspects, such as support movements and temperature changes. 2. Connection +/s used to join the individual members of a structure, to ensure the reliability of the structure, and to provide for the proper functioning of the structure as awhole in accord with the requirements of use and assembly. 5. Supports -i3@ part of a building or structure that provides the necessary stiffness and strength in order to resist the internal forces and guide them safely to the ground. 4. Moment - is defined as the tendency of a foree to rotate a body, where forces cause linear accelerations and moments cause angular accelerations. 5. Shear - isa force applied along the surface, in opposition to an offset force acting in the opposite direction. 6. Beam - is. a member that can be comprised of a number of materials to withstand loads typically applied /atera//y to the beam axis.7. Rigid Frame -is the /oad resisting skeleton constructed with straight or curved members interconnected by mostly rigid connections, which resist movements induced at the joints of members. 6. Maxwe// Low - are aset of four differential equations that form the theoretical basis for describing classical e/ectromagnetism. 9. Bettis Law - this low states that the linear displacement at point A due toa unit load applied at B is equal in magnitude to the linear displacement at point B due to aunit load applied ot A fora stable elastic structure. 10. Mohrs Correction Diagram -/s a two-dimensional graphical representation of the transformation law for the Gauchy stress tensor. Each point on the circle are the magnitudes of the normal stress and shear stress components, respectively, acting on the rotated coordinate system. UW. Williot Diagram - is a graphical method to obtain an approximate Va/ue for displacement of a structure which submitted to a certain load.12. Plastic Deformation is the permanent distortion that occurs when a material is subjected to tensi/e, compressive, bending, or torsion stresses that exceed its yield strength and cause it fo elongate, compress, buckle, bend, or twist. 43, Elastic Deformation - is a change of the shape of the body as a reaction to applied stress. This deformation is ohly temporary and once the stress is released, the undeformed shape of the body is restored, /4. Point of Inflection - are points where the function changes concavity, from being “concave up’ to being "concave down’ or vice versa. They'can be found by considering where the second derivative changes signs. 15. Shear and Moment Diagram = Shear and bending moment diagrams are analytical too/s used inconjunctionwith structural analysis to help perform structural design by determining the value of shear force and bending moment at a given point of a structural element such as a beam. 16. Method of Section = is a process used to solve for the unknown forces acting on members of a truss. The method involves breaking the truss down into individual sections and analyzing each section as a separate rigid body.17. Method of Joints ~/s a process used to solve for the unknown forces acting oh members of a truss. 4.Truss +s on assembly of members such as beams, connected by nodes, that creates a rigid structure. 19. Truss Analysis ~i3 a process used to determine the reactions and member forces. 20. Complex Truss ~uses a. general layout of members different from that used in simple and compound trusses. /t often incorporates werlapping members. 21. Compound Truss - is made up of simple trusses joined together to form a larger truss. 22, Boundary Condition are constraints necessary for the solution of a boundary value problem.25. Force Boundary Condition - applies a distributed force to the structure. /t can be assigned to any number of faces of a structure. This boundary condition works as a surface traction on each element of the assigned topological entity and its value Is proportional to each element's aréa. 24, Displacement Boundary Condition - are those that restrain the movement of the structure in ohe or more degrees of freedom at a point. 25. Conjugate Beam Method -/s an engineering method to derive the slope and displacement of a beam. 26, Principle of Virtual Displacement -The work of a force acting on a particle as it moves along a displacement Is different for different displacements. Among all the possible displacements that particle may follow. called virtual displacements, one will minimize the action. 27. Degrees of Freedom -is defined as the minimum number of independent variables required to define the position or motion of asystem is known as degree of freedom. Degree of freedom Is the property of kinematic ehainwhich shows that in how many directions the conhected links of the kinematic can move freely. /t /s a/s0 known by mobility.20, Principle of Super position ~when two or more waves werlap in space, the resu/tant disturbance /s equal to the algebraic sum of the individual disturbances. 29. Geometrically Unstable - if reactions are cohgruent or pard/lel even if there are three or more reaction elements, and it becomes indeterminate. 30. Statistically Unstable Structures + a structure which is not sufficient humber of reactions to resist the load without moving. 31. Statistically Determinate Structure - the ohe Where internal forces and reaction can be calculated exclusively using f ree-body diagram ahd equilibrium equation. 82. Statistically Indeterminate Structures -are structures that cant be statically analyzed using only equilibrium equation. 35. Goncurrent Force System ~/'s. a system of two or more forces whose lines of action ALL. intersect at a. common point.$4, Parallel Force System + is a situation inwhich two forces of equal magnitude act in the same directionwithin the same plane, with the counter force in the middle. 35. Free Body Diagram is a graphical i//ustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions ona body ina given condition. 56, Dynamic Forces -~/s a force acting an an object that causes if ta vary or change Its size, position, or direction. 7. Static Forces - a force acting oh an object is said to be a static farce if it does not change the size, position, or direction of that particular object. 36. Induced Disturbance -@ measure of the vulherability of resources to a Variety oF harmful human activities. 39. Earthquake Load takes place due to the inertia force produced in the building because of seismic excitations. Inertia force varies with the mass. The higher mass of the structure wil! imply that the earthquake loading will also be high.40.Wird Load - is the load, in pounds per square foot, placed on the exterior of a structure by wind. 41. Rain Load +13 a function of the size of the drainage area for a given secondary drain or outlet, as well as the location of the secondary out/et within its drainage area. 42. Ervironmental Load - are /oads caused by wind, waves, current, and other external forces. 49. Impact Lood - is defined as the force delivered by the sudden load ona structural member rather than a force applied constantly and sustained Wer a /ohg period. 44, Variable and Time Dependent load ~/3 the probability of a structure or structural random response process does not exceed the specified failure threshold within the forecast variable and time periods. 45. Moving load - 18a load that moves over a given distance of astructura/ supporting system.46, Live Load - is a civil engineering term for a load that is not constant, but changes over time. 4. Dead Load -a/so known as permanent or static loads, are those that remain relatively constant over time and comprise, 46. Surface Load -/3 a load on a surface. This load can be comprised of a temperature, force or strain. Surface loads acton al! 2D elements of asurface or on boundary surfaces of solids. 49, Line Load - is an idealized load applied to a model by means of a line. 50. Concentrated Load -/s a force applied at a single point ona beam or structure. St. Elastic Curve -is the curve formed by the intersection of the neutral surface with the side of the beam, it being assumed that the longitudinal stresses on the fibers are within the-elastic limit. 52, Floor Beams - a beam used inthe framing of floors in bulldings.59.Girder - is a large and deep type of beam that is used in construction. /t 1s typically capable of longer spans and taking greater loads #hah anormal beam, and is often used as a main horizontal structural support for smaller beams, such as in bridge construction. 54. Influence Lines -a graph showing the Variation of the longitudinal stress, shear, bending moment, or ofher ef fect upon a structural member due to. qa moving load as afunction of the position of that load. 55. Symmetric Structures -'s astructure thot i's left unaltered, geometrically and mechanically, after asymmetry operation.