MODULE 2-5

Name of Student: Lorenz Blaise Galvez

Strand &Section: Stem H- Judea

MODULE 2 ACTIVITY

Write the rate of reaction in terms of the rate of disappearance of reactant and the rate of
formation of products.
a. NO(g) + O3(g) ----> NO2(g) + O2(g)
Rate of disappearance of reactant: Rate = - ∆ [NO] / ∆t , Rate = - ∆ [O3] / ∆t
Rate of formation of products: Rate = ∆ [NO2] / ∆t , Rate = ∆ [O2] / ∆t

b. 2C6H6(g) + 7O2( g) ----> 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(aq)

Rate of disappearance of reactant: Rate = - ∆ [C6H6] / ∆t , Rate = - ∆ [O2] / ∆t
Rate of formation of products: Rate = ∆ [CO2] / ∆t , Rate = ∆ [H20] / ∆t

c. H2(g) + I2(g) ----> 2HI(g)

Rate of disappearance of reactant: Rate = - ∆ [H2] / ∆t , Rate = - ∆ [I2] / ∆t

Rate of formation of products: Rate = ∆ [HI] / ∆t

D. 4OH(g) + H2S(g) ----> SO2(g) + 2H2O(aq) + H2(g)

Rate of disappearance of reactant: Rate = - ∆ [OH] / ∆t , Rate = - ∆ [H2S] / ∆t
Rate of formation of products: Rate = ∆ [SO2] / ∆t , Rate = ∆ [H20] / ∆t
Name of Student: Lorenz Blaise Galvez
Strand &Section: Stem H - Judea

MODULE 3 ACTIVITY

Answer the following.

1. For the reaction A + B -----> AB, the following data were obtained.

Trial Initial [A] Initial [B] Initial Rate (mol/ L•s)

1 0.720 M 0.180 M 0.470
2 0.720 M 0.720 M 1.880
3 0.360 M 0.180 M 0.117

a. Determine the order with respect to each reactant

Reactant A:
[1/2]m= 1/4
m = ln [¼] / ln [½]
m=2
Rate = k[A]2
∴ Concentration of A is in second order of reaction

Reactant B:
[4]n = 4
n = ln 4 / ln 4
n=1
Rate = k[B]1
∴ Concentration of B is in first order of reaction
 b. the overall order of reaction
Rate = k[A]2[B]1
The overall order of the reaction is m + n = 2 + 1 = 3, third order reaction

c. Write the rate expression for the reaction

Rate = k[A]2[B]1

D. Find the value of the rate constant, k

Using trial 1:
Rate = k[A]2[B]1
k = Rate / [A]2[B]1
0.470 = k[0.720]2[0.180]
k = 0.470 / 93.312x10-3
k = 5.04 M-2 · min -1 or

2. The initial concentration of a reactant is 1.58 M for a second -order reaction. It takes 12.3
minutes for the concentration to decrease to 0.751 M. Calculate the rate constant k.
1A= ﹢kt + 1Ao
where:
A = 0.751 M , Ao = 1.58 M , t = 12.3 min
10.751 = k (12.3) + 11.58
1.3316 = k (12.3) + 0.6329
k = 0.698712.3
k = 0.057 M-1min-1
Name of Student: Lorenz Blaise Galvez
Strand &Section: Stem H - Judea

MODULE 4 ACTIVITY

Solve the following problems.

I. Predict the following reaction, whether its spontaneous or nonspontaneous.
a. 2NaOH (s) + CO2 (g) -----> Na2CO3 (s) + 2H2O (l)
Nonspontaneous
b. 2Fe (s) + 3H2O (g) -----> Fe2O3( s) + 3H2 (g)
Nonspontaneous

II. Read each question carefully. Write your answer in the space provided

_____a__ 1. The thermodynamic quantity that expresses the degree of disorder in a system is
______.
a. Entropy
b. Internal energy
c. Heat flow
d. Enthalpy
_____d___ 2. Which of the following is always positive when a spontaneous process occurs?
a. ∆Huniv
b. ∆Hsurr
c. ∆Ssurr
d. ∆Suniv
e. ∆Ssys

______c__ 3. Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of the
system?
a. Dissolution of solid KCl in water
b. Mixing of two gasses into one container
c. Freezing water to form ice
d. Melting ice to form water
e. Boiling water to form steam
Name of Student: Lorenz Blaise Galvez
Strand &Section: Stem H - Judea

MODULE 5 ACTIVITY
Answer the ff. Question.
1. What does second law of thermodynamics state?

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that "in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or
leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state." This is
also commonly referred to as entropy. A watchspring-driven watch will run until the potential energy in
the spring is converted, and not again until energy is reapplied to the spring to rewind it. A car that has
run out of gas will not run again until you walk 10 miles to a gas station and refuel the car. Once the
potential energy locked in carbohydrates is converted into kinetic energy, the organism will get no more
until energy is input again. In the process of energy transfer, some energy will dissipate as heat. Entropy
is a measure of disorder: cells are NOT disordered and so have low entropy. The flow of energy maintains
order and life. Entropy wins when organisms cease to take in energy and die.

2. How does the second law of thermodynamics relate to spontaneous process?

It is related because the second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of the
universe always increases for a spontaneous process. The net change in entropy of the system,
∆S , equals the sum of the entropy created during the spontaneous process and the change in
energy associated with the heat flow.