ISM PC Chpt09a

Chapter 9
Conic Sections and Analytic Geometry

The foci are located at (0,  7 ) and (0, 7 ) .
The vertices are  0, 0  4  which gives  0, –4 and
Section 9.1
Check Point Exercises 0, 4 .

The endpoints of the minor axis are  0  3, 0 which
x2 y2
1.  1 gives  3, 0 and  3, 0 .
36 9
The center is  0, 0 .
a 2  36, a  6
b2  9, b  3
c2  a 2  b2
 36  9
 27
c  27
3. Because the foci are located at (–2, 0) and (2,0), on
3 3 the x-axis, the major axis is horizontal.
The foci are located at (3 3, 0) and (3 3, 0) . The center of the ellipse is midway between the foci,
located at (0, 0).
The vertices are  0  6, 0 which gives  6, 0 and
x2 y2
6, 0 . Thus, the form of the equation is   1.
a 2 b2
The endpoints of the minor axis are  0, 0  3 which We need to determine the values for a 2 and b2 .
gives  0, 3 and  0,3 . The distance from the center, (0, 0), to either vertex is
3. Thus, a  3 and a 2  9.
The distance from the center, (0, 0), to either focus is
2. Thus, c  2 and c 2  4.
b2  a 2  c 2
94
5
x2 y2
The equation is   1.
9 5
2. 16 x 2  9 y 2  144 ( x  1)2 ( y  2) 2
4.  1
16 x 2 9 y 2 144 9 4
  The center is  –1, 2 .
144 144 144
x2 y2 a 2  9, a  3
 1
9 16 b2  4, b  2
The center is  0, 0 . c2  a 2  b2
a 2  16, a  4  94
b  9, b  3
2 5
c2  a 2  b2 c 5
 16  9 The foci are located at
7 (1  5, 2) and (1  5, 2) .
The vertices are  –1  3, 2 which gives  –4, 2 and
c 7
 2, 2 .
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc 1153

Chapter 9 Conic Sections and Analytic Geometry
The endpoints of the minor axis are  –1, 2  2  4. 5; (0,  5); (0, 5)
which gives  –1, 0 and  1, 4 .
5. (1, 4)
6. (2, 2); (8, 2)
7. (1, 9)
8. 4; 1; 16
Exercise Set 9.1
x2 y2 x2 y2
5.  1 1.  1
202 102 16 4
x2 y2 a 2  16, a  4
 1
400 100 b2  4, b  2
Since the truck is 12 feet wide, substitute x  6 into
c 2  a 2  b2  16  4  12
the equation to find y.
62 y2 c  12  2 3
 1
400 100 The foci are located at (2 3, 0) and (2 3, 0) .
 36 y2 
400     400 1
 400 100 
36  4 y 2  400
4 y 2  364
y 2  91
y  91
y  9.54
6 feet from the center, the height of the archway is
9.54 feet. Since the truck’s height is 9 feet, it will fit 2. a 2  25, a  5
under the archway. b2  16, b  4
c 2  a 2  b2  25  16  9 , c = 3
Concept and Vocabulary Check 9.1 The foci are located at (3, 0) and (3, 0) .
1. ellipse; foci; center
2. 25; 5; 5; (5, 0); (5, 0); 9; 3; 3;

(0, 3); (0, 3)
3. 25; 5; 5; (0,  5); (0, 5); 9; 3; 3;

(3, 0); (3, 0)
1154 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

Section 9.1 The Ellipse
3. a 2  36, a  6 6. a 2  49, a  7
b2  9, b  3 b2  36, b  6
c 2  a 2  b2  36  9  27 c 2  a 2  b2  49  36  13 , c  13
c  27  3 3 The foci are located at ( 13, 0) and ( 13, 0) .
The foci are located at (0,  3 3) and (0, 3 3) .
7. a 2  81, a  9
b2  49, b  7
2 2
x y
4.  1 c 2  a 2  b2  81  49  32
16 49
a 2  49, a  7 c  32  4 2
The foci are located at (0,  4 2 ) and (0, 4 2 ) .
b2  16, b  4
c 2  a 2  b2  49  16  33 , c  33
The foci are located at (0,  33) and (0, 33) .
8. a 2  100, a  10
b2  64, b  8
5. a 2  64, a  8 c 2  a 2  b2  100  64  36
b2  25, b  5
c 2  a 2  b2  64  25  39
c  39
The foci are located at (0,  39 ) and (0, 39 ) .
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1155

x2 y2 11. x2  1  4 y2
9.  1
9 25 x2  4 y 2  1
4 4
y2
25 9 x2  1
c2   1
4 4
4
16
c2  1
4 c  1
2
4
c2  4
3
c2 c2 
4
The foci are located at (0, 2) and (0, −2).
3
c
2
c  0.9
 3   3 
The foci are located at  , 0  and   , 0 .
 2   2 
81 25
10. c2  
4 16
324 25
c2  
16 16
299
c2 
16 12. y2  1  4x2
299 4 x2  y 2  1
c
4
c  4.3 x2 y2
 1
The foci are located at (4.3, 0) and (–4.3, 0). 1 1
4
2 1
c  1
4
3
c2 
4
3
c
2
c  0.87
foci: (0, 0.87) (0, –0.87)

13. 25 x 2  4 y 2  100 15. 4 x 2  16 y 2  64

25 x 2 4 y 2 100 x2 y2
   1
100 100 100 16 4
x2 y 2 a 2  16, a  4
 1
4 25 b2  4, b  2
a 2  25, a  5
c 2  16  4
b  4, b  2
2
c 2  12
c  a  b  25  4  21
2 2 2
c   12
c  2 3
c  3.5
The foci are located at (2 3, 0) and (-2 3,0).
14. 9 x 2  4 y 2  36
9 x 2 4 y 2 36
  16. 4 x 2  25 y 2  100
36 36 36
x2 y2 x2 y2
 1  1
4 9 25 4
a 2  9, a  3 c 2  25  4
b2  4, b  2 c 2  21
c2  a 2  b2  9  4  5 , c  5 c  21
The foci are located at (0,  5) and (0, 5) . c  4.6
The foci are located at (4.6, 0) and (–4.6, 0).

17. 7 x 2  35  5 y 2 20. a 2  16, b2  4, center at (0, 0)

7 x 2  5 y 2  35 x2 y2
 1
x2 y 2 16 4
 1 c 2  a 2  b2  16  4  12 , c  12  2 3
5 7
a 2  7, a  7 The foci are at (2 3, 0) and (2 3, 0) .
b2  5, b  5
21. a 2  4, b2  1,
c2  7  5
center: (0, 0)
c2  2 x2 y2
 1
c 2 1 4
c  1.4 c 2  a 2  b2  4  1  3
The foci are located at (0, 2 ) and (0,  2 ). c 3
The foci are at (0, 3) and (0,  3) .
22. a 2  16, b2  4 , center: (0, 0)

x2 y2
 1
4 16
c 2  a 2  b2  16  4  12 , c  12  2 3
The foci are at (0, 2 3) and (0,  2 3) .
18. 6 x 2  30  5 y 2
6 x 2  5 y 2  30 ( x  1)2 ( y  1)2
23.  1
x2 y 2 4 1
 1 a 2  4, b2  1
5 6
c2  6  5 c2  4  1
c2  1 c2  3
c  1 c 3
The foci are located at (0, 1) and (0, –1).
The foci are located at (1  3,1) and (1  3,1).
24. a 2  4, b2  1 center: (–1, –1)

( x  1)2 ( y  1)2
 1
1 4
c2  4  1
c2  3
19. a  4, b  1, center at (0, 0)
2 2
c 3
2 2
x y c  1.7
 1
4 1 (0 – 1, 1.7 – 1), (0 – 1, – 1.7 – 1)
c 2  a 2  b2  4  1  3 The foci are at ( –1, 0.7) and (–1, –2.7).
c 3 25. c 2  25, a 2  64
The foci are at ( 3, 0) and ( 3, 0) .
b2  a 2  c 2  64  25  39
x2 y2
 1
64 39

26. c 2  4 a 2  36 34. 2a  20, a  10, a 2  100

b2  a 2  c 2  36  4  32 2b  10, b  5, b2  25
2 2 center (2, –3)
x y
 1
36 32 ( x  2) 2 ( y  3)2
 1
25 100
27. c 2  16, a 2  49
35. length of the major axis = 9 – 3 = 6
b2  a 2  c 2  49  16  33 2a = 6, a = 3 major axis is vertical
x2 y2 length of the minor axis = 9 – 5 = 4
 1 2b = 4, b = 2
33 49
Center is at (7, 6).
28. c 2  9, a 2  16 ( x  7)2 ( y  6)2
 1
b2  a 2  c 2  16  9  7 4 9
x2 y2 36. length of major axis = 8 – 2 = 6, 2a = 6, a = 3
 1
7 16 length of minor axis = 5 – 3 = 2, 2b = 2,
b = 1, center (5, 2)
29. c 2  4, b2  9 ( x  5)2 ( y  2)2
 1
a 2  b2  c 2  9  4  13 9 1
x2 y2 37. a 2  9, a  3
 1
13 9
b2  4, b  2
30. c 2  4, b2  4 center: (2, 1)
c2  a 2  b2  9  4  5
a 2  b2  c2  4  4  8
x2 y2 c 5
 1 The foci are at (2  5, 1) and (2  5, 1) .
4 8
31. 2a  8, a  4, a 2  16
2b  4, b  2, b2  4
x2 y2
 1
16 4
32. 2a  12, a  6, a 2  36
2b  6, b  3, b2  9
x2 y2 38. a 2  16, a  4
 1
36 9 b2  9, b  3
center: (1,  2)
33. 2a  10, a  5, a 2  25
c 2  a 2  b2  16  9  7 , c  7
2b  4, b  2, b2  4 The foci are at (1  7,  2) and (1  7, 2).
( x  2)2 ( y  3)2
 1
4 25

( x  3)2 4( y  2)2 16 41. a 2  25, a  5

39.  
16 16 16 b2  9, b  3
( x  3) 2
( y  2) 2
center: (4,  2)
 1
16 4 c 2  a 2  b2  25  9  16
a 2  16, a  4
c4
b2  4, b  2 The foci are at (4, 2) and (4,  6) .
center: (3, 2)
c 2  a 2  b2  16  4  12
c  12  2 3
The foci are at (3  2 3, 2) and (3  2 3, 2) .
42. a 2  16, a  4
b2  9, b  3
center: (3,  1)
c 2  a 2  b2  16  9  7 , c  7
( x  3)2 9( y  2)2 18
40.   The foci are at (3,  1  7 ) and (3,  1  7 ) .
18 18 18
( x  3) 2
( y  2) 2
 1
18 2
a 2  18, a  18  3 2
b2  2, b  2
center: (3,  2)
c 2  a 2  b2  18  2  16, c  4
The foci are at (1,  2) and (7,  2) .
43. a 2  36, a  6
b2  25, b  5
center: (0, 2)
c 2  a 2  b2  36  25  11
c  11
The foci are at (0, 2  11) and (0, 2  11) .

44. a2 = 25, a = 5 47. c2  5  2

b2 = 4, b = 2
c2  3
center: (4, 0)
c2 = a2 – b2 = 25 – 4 = 21, c  21 c 3
The foci are at (4, 21) and (4,  21) . c  1.7
The foci are located at (1, 3  3) and (1, 3  3).
45. a2 = 9, a = 3
b2 = 1, b = 1 48. c2  5  2
center: (–3, 2) c2  3
c2 = a2 – b2 = 9 –1 = 8
c 3
c 82 2
c  1.7
The foci are at (–3 – 2 2, 2) and (–1, 3 + 1.7) (–1 , 3 – 1.7)
(–3 + 2 2, 2). The foci are (– 1, 4.7) and (–1, 1.3).
9( x  1)2 4( y  3)2 36
2
46. a = 16, a = 4 49.  
36 36 36
b2 = 1, b = 1
( x  1) 2
( y  3) 2
center: (–2, 3)  1
4 9
c2 = a2 – b2 = 16 – 1 = 15, c  15
a2 = 9, a = 3
The foci are at (2  15, 3) and (2  15, 3) .
b2 = 4, b = 2
center: (1, –3)
c2 = a2 – b2 = 9 – 4 = 5
c 5
The foci are at (1,  3  5) and (1,  3  5) .

36( x  4)2 ( y  3)2 36 52. (4 x 2  32 x )  (9 y 2  36 y )  64

50.  
36 36 36 4( x 2  8 x )  9( y 2  4 y )  64
( y  3) 2
4( x 2  8 x  16)  9( y 2  4 y  4)  64  64  36
( x  4)2  1
36
4  x  4   9  y  2   36
2 2
a2 = 36, a = 6
4  x  4 9  y  2
2 2
b2 = 1, b = 1 36
center: (–4, –3)  
36 36 36
c2 = a2 – b2 = 36 – 1 = 35, c  35
 x  4 2  y  2 2
The foci are at (–4, –3 + 35) and (4,  3  35) .  1
9 4
center: (4, –2)
a 2  9, a  3
b2  4, b  2
c2  a 2  b2  9  4  5 , c  5

The foci are at 4  5, 2 and 4  5, 2 .   
51. (9 x 2  36 x )  (25 y 2  50 y )  164

9( x 2  4 x )  25( y 2  2 y )  164
9( x 2  4 x  4)  25( y 2  2 y  1)
 164  36  25
9( x  2)2  25( y  1)2  225
9( x  2)2 25( y  1)2 225 53. (9x2 – 18x) + (16y2 + 64y) = 71
  9(x2 – 2x) + 16(y2 + 4y) = 71
225 225 225 9(x – 2x + 1) + 16(y2+ 4y + 4)
2
( x  2) 2
( y  1) 2
= 71 + 9 + 64
 1
25 9 9(x – 1)2 + 16(y + 2)2 = 144
center: (2, –1) 9( x  1)2 16( y  2)2 144
a2 = 25, a = 5  
144 144 144
b2 = 9, b = 3
c2 = a2 – b2 = 25 – 9 = 16 ( x  1) 2
( y  2) 2
 1
c=4 16 9
The foci are at (–2, –1) and (6, –1). center: (1, –2)
a2 = 16, a = 4
b2 = 9, b = 3
c2 = a2 – b2 = 16 – 9 = 7
c= 7
The foci are at
(1 – 7 , –2) and (1+ 7 , –2).

54. ( x 2  10 x )  (4 y 2  8 y )  13 56. (4 x 2  24 x )  (25 y 2  100 y )  36

( x 2  10 x  25)  4( y 2  2 y )  13  25 4( x 2  6 x )  25( y 2  4 y )  36
( x 2  10 x  25)  4( y 2  2 y  1)  13  25  4 4( x 2  6 x  9)  25( y 2  4 y  4)  36  36  100
( x  5)2  4( y  1)2  16 4( x  3)2  25( y  2)2  100
( x  5)2 4( y  1)2 16 4( x  3)2 25( y  2) 2 100
   
16 16 16 100 100 100
( x  5) 2
( y  1) 2
( x  3) 2
( y  2) 2
 1  1
16 4 25 4
center: (–5, 1) center: (3, –2)
a 2  16, a  4 a 2  25, a  5
b2  4, b  2 b2  4, b  2
c 2  a 2  b2  16  4  12 , c  12  2 3 c 2  a 2  b2  25  4  21 , c  21
The foci are at (5  2 3, 1) and (5  2 3, 1) . The foci are at (3  21,  2) and (3  21,  2) .
55. (4 x 2  16 x )  ( y 2  6 y )  39
57. x2  y 2  1 x2  9 y2  9
4( x 2  4 x )  ( y 2  6 y )  39
x2 9 y2 9
4( x  4 x  4)  ( y  6 y  9)  39  16  9
2 2  
9 9 9
4( x  2)2  ( y  3)2  64 x2 y2
 1
4( x  2)2 ( y  3)2 64 9 1
  The first equation is that of a circle with center at the
64 64 64
origin and r  1 . The second equation is that of an
( x  2)2 ( y  3)2
 1 ellipse with center at the origin, horizontal major axis
16 64 of length 6 units  a  3 , and vertical minor axis of
center: (–2, 3)
length 2 units  b  1 .
a 2  64, a  8
y
b2  16, b  4
5
c 2  a 2  b2  64  16  48
c  48  4 3 (0, 1)
The foci are at (–2, 3 + 4 3) and (–2, 3 – 4 3) . x
−5 5
(0, −1)
−5
Check each intersection point.
 
The solution set is  0, 1 ,  0,1 .

58. x 2  y 2  25 25 x 2  y 2  25 x2 y2
60.  1 x  2
25 x 2 y 2 25 4 36
  The first equation is for an ellipse centered at the
25 25 25
origin with vertical major axis of length 12 units and
x2 y 2 horizontal minor axis of length 4 units. The second
 1
1 25 equation is for a horizontal line with an x-intercept of
The first equation is for a circle with center at the 2.
origin and r  5 . The second is for an ellipse with y
center at the origin, vertical major axis of length 10 5
units  b  5 , and horizontal minor axis of length 2
units  a  1 . (−2, 0)
y x
−5 5
(0, 5)
5
−5
Check the intersection point.

x 
The solution set is  2, 0 . 
−5 5
61. 4 x2  y2  4 2x  y  2
−5
(0, −5) 4x 2
y 2
4  y  2 x  2
 
Check each intersection point. 4 4 4 y  2x  2

The solution set is  0, 5 ,  0,5 .  x2 y2
 1
1 4
x2 y2 The first equation is for an ellipse centered at the
59.  1 y3 origin with vertical major axis of length 4 units
25 9 ( b  2 ) and horizontal minor axis of length 2 units
The first equation is for an ellipse centered at the
origin with horizontal major axis of length 10 units  a  1 . The second equation is for a line with slope
and vertical minor axis of length 6 units. The second 2 and y-intercept 2 .
y
equation is for a horizontal line with a y-intercept of
3. 5
y
5
(0, 3) (1, 0)
x
−5 5
(0, −2)
x
−5 5 −5
Check the intersection points.
−5

The solution set is  0, 2  , 1,0 . 
Check the intersection point.
The solution set is  0,3 . 

4x2  y2  4 x y 3
 
2
62.
64. y2   4  4x2
4x2 y2 4 y  x  3
  y  4  4x
2 2
4 4 4
x 2
y 2
4x  y2  4
2
 1
1 4 x2 y 2
The first equation is for an ellipse centered at the  1
1 4
origin with vertical major axis of length 4 units We want to graph the bottom half of an ellipse
( b  2 ) and horizontal minor axis of length 2 units centered at the origin with a vertical major axis of
 a  1 . The second equation is for a line with slope length 4 units ( b  2 ) and horizontal minor axis of
1 and y-intercept 3. length 2 units  a  1 .
y
5
x
−5 5
−5
The two graphs never cross, so there are no
intersection points. 65. a = 15, b = 10
The solution set is   or  . x2 y2
 1
225 100
 
2 Let x = 4
63. y 2   16  4 x 2
42 y2
 1
y 2  16  4 x 2 225 100
 16 y2 
4 x 2  y 2  16 
900    900(1)
 225 100 
x2 y 2
 1
4 16 64  9 y 2  900
We want to graph the bottom half of an ellipse 9 y 2  836
centered at the origin with a vertical major axis of
length 8 units ( b  4 ) and horizontal minor axis of y
836
 9.64
length 4 units  a  2 . 9
Yes, the truck only needs 7 feet so it will clear.

66. a = 25, b = 20 78. 2a  186, a  93

x2 y2 2b  185.8, a  92.9
 1
625 400 Earth’s orbit:
Let x = 10 x2 y2
 1
(10)2 y2 (93)2 (92.9) 2
 1
625 400
x2 y2
 100 y 2   1
10,000     10,000(1)
8649 8630.41
 625 400   x2 
y 2  (92.9)2 1  
1600 + 25y2 = 10,000  (93)2 
25y2 = 8400
x2
y  336  18.3 y  92.9 1 
(93)2
Yes, the truck only needs 14 feet so it will clear.
2a  283.5, a  141.75
67. a. a = 48, a2= 2304 2b  278.5, b  139.25
b = 23, b2 = 529 Mar’s orbit:
x2 y2 x2 y2
 1  1
2304 529 (141.75) 2 (139.25) 2
b. c2 = a2 – b2 = 2304 – 529 = 1775 x2 y2
 1
c = 1775  42.13 20,093.0625 19,390.5625
He situated his desk about 42 feet from the  x2 
center of the ellipse, along the major axis. y 2  (139.25)2 1  2 
 (141.75) 
68. a = 50, b = 30
x2
x2 y2 y  139.25 1 
2
 2
1 (141.75)2
50 30
c2  a 2  b2
 502  302  2500  900  1600
c  40
The focus is 40 feet from the center of the room so
one person should stand at 10 feet along the 100 foot
width and the other person should stand at 90 feet. 79. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.
Sample explanation: The foci are on the major axis.
69. – 77. Answers will vary.
80. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.
Sample explanation: An ellipse is symmetrical
about both its major and minor axes.
81. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.

Sample explanation: We must also know the other
vertices.
82. makes sense

83. a  6, a 2  36 x2 y2
88.  1
x2 y2 16 9
 1
b2 36 a. Substitute 0 for y.
When x = 2 and y = –4,
x 2 02
22 (4)2  1
 1 16 9
b2 36
x2
4 16 1
 1 16
b2 36
x 2  16
4 5
2
 x  4
b 9 The x-intercepts are 4 and 4.
36  5b2
02 y 2
b2 
36 b.  1
5 16 9
x2 y2 y2
 1  1
36 36 9
5
y 2  9
84. a. The perigee is at the point (5000, 0). If the The equation y 2  9 has no real solutions.
center of the earth is at (16, 0), and the radius is
4000 miles, the right endpoint of the earth along y 2 x2
the major axis is (4016, 0). The perigee is 89.  1
5000 – 4016 = 984 miles above the earth’s 9 16
surface. a. Substitute 0 for x.
b. The apogee is at the point (–5000, 0). The left y 2 02
 1
endpoint of the earth along the major axis is 9 16
(–3984, 0). The apogee is 5000  (3984) = y2
1
1016 miles above the earth’s surface. 9
85. The large circle has radius 5 with center y2  9
(0, 0). Its equation is x2 + y2 = 25. The small circle y  3
has radius 3 with center (0, 0). Its equation is The y-intercepts are 3 and 3.
x2 + y2 = 9.
02 x 2
b.  1
c 9 16
86. is close to zero when c is very small. This happens
a x2
 1
when a and b are nearly equal, or when the shape of 16
the graph is nearly circular.
x 2  16
87. 4 x 2  9 y 2  36 The equation x 2  16 has no real solutions.
4 x 2 9 y 2 36
 
36 36 36
2 2
x y
 1
9 4
The terms are separated by subtraction rather than by
addition.

Section 9.2 x2 y2
3.  1
Check Point Exercises 36 9
a 2  36, a  6
x2 y2 The vertices are (6, 0) and (–6, 0).
1. a.  1
25 16 b2  9, b  3
a 2  25, a  5 b 3 1
asymptotes: y   x x x
vertices: (5, 0) and (–5, 0) a 6 2
b2  16 c2  a 2  b2
c 2  a 2  b2  36  9
 25  16  45
 41 c  45
c  41 3 5
The foci are at ( 41, 0) and (  41, 0) . The foci are at (3 5, 0) and (3 5, 0) .
y 2 x2
b.  1
25 16
a 2  25, a  5
vertices: (0, 5) and (0, –5)
b2  16
c 2  a 2  b2
 25  16
4. y2  4x2  4
 41
y 2 4 x2 4
c  41  
4 4 4
The foci are at (0, 41) and (0,  41) . 2
y
 x2  1
2. Because the foci are located at (0, –5) and (0, 5), on 4
the y-axis, the transverse axis lies on the y-axis. a 2  4, a  2
The center of the hyperbola is midway between the The vertices are (0, 2) and (0, –2).
foci, located at (0, 0).
b2  1, b  1
y2 x2
Thus, the form of the equation is   1. a
a 2 b2 asymptotes: y   x  2 x
b
We need to determine the values for a 2 and b2 .
c2  a 2  b2
The distance from the center, (0, 0), to either vertex is
 4 1
3. Thus, a  3 and a 2  9.
The distance from the center, (0, 0), to either focus is 5
5. Thus, c  5 and c 2  25. c 5
b2  c 2  a 2 The foci are at (0, 5) and (0,  5) .
 25  9
 16
y 2 x2
The equation is   1.
9 16

Section 9.2 The Hyperbola
( x  3)2 ( y  1)2 The foci are at (3,  5  13) and (3,  5  13) .
5.  1
4 4
center at (3, 1)
a 2  4, a  2
b2  1, b  1
The vertices are (1, 1) and (5, 1).
1
asymptotes: y  1   ( x  3)
2
c  a b
2 2 2 7. c  5280
 4 1 2a  3300, a  1650
5 b2  c 2  a 2  52802  16502  25,155,900
c 5 The explosion occurred somewhere at the right
branch of the hyperbola given by
The foci are at (3  5, 1) and (3  5, 1) .
x2 y2
  1.
2,722,500 25,155, 900
Concept and Vocabulary Check 9.2
1. hyperbola; foci; vertices; transverse
2. (5, 0); (5, 0); ( 34, 0); ( 34 , 0)

6. 4 x 2  24 x  9 y 2  90 y  153  0
(0,  5); (0, 5); (0,  34 ); (0, 34 )
   9  y  10 y   153
3.
4 x2  6x 2
4  x  6 x  9   9  y  10 y  25  153  36  ( 225)

2 2 4. asymptotes; center
5. dividing; 36
4  x  3  9  y  5  36
2 2
4  x  3 9  y  5
2 2 3 3
36 6. y x; y  x
  2 2
36 36 36
 x  3 2
 y  5 2 7. y  2 x ; y  2 x
  1
9 4
(3, 3); (7, 3)
 y  5 2
 x  32 8.
 1
4 9 9. (7, 2)
center at (3, –5) 10. 16; 1; 128
a 2  4, a  2
b2  9, b  3
Exercise Set 9.2
The vertices are (3, –3) and (3, –7).
2 1. a2 = 4, a = 2
asymptotes: y  5   ( x  3) The vertices are (2, 0) and (–2, 0).
3
b2 = 1
c2  a 2  b2
c 2  a 2  b2  4  1  5
 49
 13 c 5
The foci are located at ( 5, 0) and ( 5, 0).
c  13
graph (b)

2. a2 = 1, a = 1 9. 2a = 6 – (–6)
The vertices are (1, 0) and (–1, 0). 2a = 12
b2 = 4 a=6
c 2  a 2  b2  4  1  5 , c  5 a
2
The foci are at ( 5, 0) and ( 5, 0) . b
6
graph (d) 2
b
3. a2 = 4, a = 2 6  2b
The vertices are (0, 2) and (0, –2). 3b
b2 = 1 Transverse axis is vertical.
c 2  a 2  b2  4  1  5 y 2 x2
 1
c 5 36 9
The foci are located at
10. a = 4
(0, 5) and (0,  5) .
b
graph (a) 2
a
4. a2 = 1, a = 1 b
2
The vertices are (0, 1) and (0, –1). 4
b2 = 4 b8
c 2  a 2  b2  1  4  5 , c = 5 Transverse axis is horizontal.
The foci are at (0, 5) and (0, – 5) . x2 y2
 1
graph (c) 16 64
5. a = 1, c = 3 11. a = 2, c = 7 – 4 = 3
b 2 = c2 – a 2 = 9 – 1 = 8 22  b2  32
x2 4  b2  9
y2  1
8 b2  5
Transverse axis is horizontal.
6. a = 2, c = 6
b2 = c2 – a2 = 36 – 4 = 32 ( x  4) 2 ( y  2)2
 1
y 2 x2 4 5
 1
4 32
7. a = 3, c = 4
b2 = c2 – a2 = 16 – 9 = 7
x2 y2
 1
9 7
8. a = 5, c = 7
b2 = c2 – a2 = 49 – 25 = 24
x2 y2
 1
25 24

12. a = 4 – 1 = 3 14. a2 = 16, a = 4

c=6–1=5 The vertices are (4, 0) and (–4, 0).
32  b2  52 b2 = 25, b = 5
b 5
9  b2  25 asymptotes: y   x   x
a 4
b2  16 c2 = a2 + b2 = 16 + 25 = 41, c  41 on x-axis
b4
The foci are at ( 41,0) and ( 41,0) .
( y  1)2 ( x  2) 2
 1
9 16
3
asymptotes: y  1   ( x  2)
4
Transverse axis is vertical.
15. a2 = 100, a = 10
b2 = 64, b = 8
vertices: (10, 0) and (–10, 0)
b 8
asymptotes: y   x   x
a 10
13. a2 = 9, a = 3
4
b2 = 25, b = 5 or y   x
vertices: (3, 0) and (–3, 0) 5
c2 = a2 + b2 = 100 + 64 = 164
b 5
asymptotes: y   x   x c  164  2 41 on x-axis
a 3
c2 = a2 + b2 = 9 + 25 = 34 The foci are at (2 41, 0) and (2 41, 0) .
c  34 on x-axis
The foci are at ( 34, 0) and ( 34 , 0) .
16. a2 = 144, a = 12
b2 = 81, b = 9
The vertices are (12, 0) and (–12, 0).
b 3
a 4
c2 = a2 + b2 = 144 + 81= 225
c = 15 on x-axis
The foci are at (15, 0) and (–15, 0).

17. a2 = 16, a = 4  5  5
b2 = 36, b = 6 The foci are located at  0,  and  0,  .
vertices: (0, 4) and (0, –4)  2   2 
a 4 2 1
asymptotes: y   x   x   x
b 6 3 y2 x
2 asymptotes: 1
or y   x 1
3 y x
c2 = a2 + b2 = 16 + 36 = 52 2
c  52  2 13 on y-axis
The foci are at (0, 2 13) and (0,  2 13) .
y 2 x2
20.  1
1 1
9
18. a2 = 25, a = 5 1
b2 = 64, b = 8 a  ,b  1
The vertices are (0, 5) and (0, –5). 3
1
a 5 c2   1
asymptotes: y =  x   x 9
b 8
c2 = a2 + b2 = 25 + 64 = 89 10
c2 
c  89 on y-axis 9
10
The foci are at (0, 89 ) and (0,  89 ) . c
3
c  1.1
The foci are (0, 1.1) and (0, –1.1).
1
1
Asymptote: y   3 x   x
1 3
y2
19.  x2  1
1
4
1 1
a2  , a 
4 2
b2  1, b  1
c2  a 2  b2
1
c2  1
4
5
c2 
4
5
c
2
c  1.1

9 x 2 4 y 2 36 9 y 2 25 x 2 225
21.   23.  
36 36 36 225 225 225
2 2
x y y2 x2
 1  1
4 9 25 9
a2 = 4, a = 2 a2 = 25, a = 5
b2 = 9, b = 3 b2 = 9, b = 3
vertices: (2, 0) and (–2, 0) vertices: (0, 5) and (0, –5)
b 3 a 5
asymptotes: y   x   x asymptotes: y   x   x
a 2 b 3
c2 = a2 + b2 = 4 + 9 = 13 c2 = a2 + b2 = 25 + 9 = 34
c  13 on x-axis c  34 on y-axis
The foci are at ( 13, 0) and ( 13, 0) . The foci are at (0, 34 ) and (0,  34 ) .
4 x 2 25 y 2 100
22.  
100 100 100 16 y 2 9 x 2 144
24.  
x2 y 2 144 144 144
 1
25 4 y 2 x2
2  1
a = 25, a = 5 9 16
b2 = 4, b = 2 a2 = 9, a = 3
The vertices are (5, 0) and (–5, 0). b2 = 16, b = 4
b 2 The vertices are (0, 3) and (0, –3).
asymptotes: y =  x   x
a 5 a 3
c2 = a2 + b2 = 25 + 4 = 29 b 4
c  29 on x-axis c2 = a2 + b2 = 9 + 16 = 25
c = 5 on y-axis
The foci are at ( 29, 0) and (  29, 0) .
The foci are at (0, 5) and (0,  5) .

25. y2  x2  2 27. a = 3, b = 5
x2 y2
2  x2  y2  1
9 25
x2 y2
1 
2 2 28. a = 3, b = 2
a 2  2, a  2 x2 y2
 1
b2  2, b  2 9 4
c2  2  2 29. a = 2, b = 3
c 4
2 y 2 x2
 1
c2 4 9
The foci are located at (2,0) and (–2, 0).
30. a = 5, b = 3
2
y x y 2 x2
asymptotes: 2  1
25 9
y  x
31. Center (2, –3), a = 2, b = 3
( x  2) 2 ( y  3)2
 1
4 9
32. Center (–1, –2) a = 2, b = 2

( x  1)2 ( y  2) 2
 1
4 4
26. y 2  x2  3 33. center: (–4, –3)

a2 = 9, a = 3
3  x2  y 2
b2 = 16, b = 4
x2 y2 vertices: (–7, –3) and (–1, –3)
1 
3 3 4
asymptotes: y + 3 =  ( x  4)
Vertices: ( 3,0) and (  3,0). 3
c2 = a2 + b2 = 9 + 16 = 25
3 c = 5 parallel to x-axis
y x
Asymptotes: 3 The foci are at (–9, –3) and (1, –3).
y  x
c  3 3
2
c2  6
c 6
c  2.4
Foci: (2.4, 0) and (–2.4, 0).

34. The center is located at (–2, 1). The foci are located at
a2 = 9, a = 3 (2  34, 0) and ( 2  34, 0) .
b2 = 25, b = 5
The vertices are (–5, 1) and (1, 1).
5
asymptotes: y – 1 =  ( x  2)
3
c2 = a2 + b2 = 9 + 25 = 34
c  34 parallel to x-axis
(2  34, 1) and (2  34, 1) .
37. center: (1, –2)
a2 = 4, a = 2
b2 = 16, b = 4
vertices: (1, 0) and (1, –4)
1
asymptotes: y  2   ( x  1)
2
c2 = a2 + b2 = 4 + 16 = 20
c = 20  2 5 parallel to y-axis
35. center: (–3, 0) The foci are at (1,  2  2 5) and (1,  2  2 5) .
a 2  25, a  5
b2  16, b  4
vertices: (2, 0) and (–8, 0)
4
asymptotes: y   ( x  3)
5
c 2  a 2  b2  25  16  41
c  41
38. The center is located at (–1, 2).

The foci are at (3  41, 0) and (3  41, 0) . a2 = 36, a = 6
b2 = 49, b = 7
The vertices are (–1, 8) and (–1, –4).
6
7
c2 = a2 + b2 = 36 + 49 = 85
c  85 parallel to y-axis
(1, 2  85) and (1, 2  85) .
36. The center is located at (–2, 0).

a2 = 9, a = 3
b2 = 25, b = 5
The vertices are (–5, 0) and (1, 0).
5
asymptotes: y   ( x  2)
3
c2 = a2 + b2 = 9 + 25 = 34

( x  3)2 4( y  3)2 4 ( x  1)2 ( y  2)2

39.   41.  1
4 4 4 3 3
( x  3) 2 center: (1, 2)
 ( y  3)2  1 a2 = 3, a = 3
4
center: (3, –3) b2 = , b = 3
a 2  4, a  2 vertices: (–1, 2) and (3, 2)
asymptotes: y – 2 =  (x – 1)
b2  1, b  1
c2 = a 2 + b 2 = 3 + 3 = 6
vertices: (1, –3) and (5, –3)
c = 6 parallel to y-axis
1
asymptotes: y  3   ( x  3) The foci are at (1  6, 2) and (1  6, 2).
2
c  a  b  4 1  5
2 2 2
c 5
The foci are at (3  5,  3) and (3  5,  3).
( y  2)2 ( x  3) 2
42.  1
5 5
The center is located at (–3, 2).
( x  3)2 9( y  4) 2 9 a2 = 5, a = 5
40.  
9 9 9
b2 = 5, b = 5
( x  3) 2
The vertices are (–3, 0) and (–3, 4).
 ( y  4)2  1
9 asymptotes: y  2  ( x  3)
The center is located at (–3, 4). c2 = a2 + b2 = 5 + 5 = 10
a2 = 9, a = 3
b2 = 1, b = 1 c  10 parallel to y-axis
The vertices are (–6, 4) and (0, 4). The foci are located
1 at (3, 2  10 ) and ( 3, 2  10 ) .
3
c2 = a2 + b2 = 9 + 1 = 10
The foci are located at (3  10, 4) and
(3  10, 4) .

43. (x2 – 2x) – (y2 + 4y) = 4 45. (16x2 + 64x) – (y2 + 2y) = –67
(x – 2x + 1) – (y2 + 4y + 4) = 4 + 1 – 4
2
16(x + 4x + 4) – (y2 + 2y + 1) = –67 + 64 – 1
2
(x – 1)2 – (y + 2)2 = 1 16( x  2)2  ( y  1) 2  4

center: (1, –2)
a2 = 1, a = 1 16( x  2)2 ( y  1)2 4
 
b2 = 1, b = 1 4 4 4
c2 = a 2 + b 2 = 1 + 1 = 2 ( y  1) 2
( x  2) 2
c= 2  1
1
4 4
asymptotes: y  2  ( x  1)
center: (–2, –1)
The foci are at (1  2,  2) and (1  2,  2) . a2 = 4, a = 2
1 1
b2  , b 
4 2
2 2 2 1 17
c =a +b =4+ =
4 4
c 17
4
 4.25
2
( y  1)  
( x  2)
1
asymptotes:
2
44. (4x2 + 32x) – (y2 – 6y) = –39
y  1  4( x  2)
4(x + 8x + 16) – (y2 – 6y + 9) = –39 + 64 – 9
2
4(x + 4)2 – (y – 3)2 = 16   

The foci are at 2,  1  4.25 and 2,  1  4.25 . 
( x  4)
2
( y  3)
2
 1
4 16
center: (–4, 3)
a2 = 4, a = 2
b2 = 16, b = 4
c2 = a2 + b2 = 4 + 16= 20
c  20  2 5
The foci are at (4  2 5, 3) and ( 4  2 5, 3) .
4 46. (9y2 – 18y) – (4x2 – 24x) = 63
y  3   ( x  4) 9(y – 2y + 1) – 4(x2 – 6x + 9) = 63 + 9 – 36
2
Asymptotes: 2
9(y – 1)2 – 4(x – 3)2 = 36
y  3  2( x  4)
( y  1)2 ( x  3)2
 1
4 9
The center is located at (3, 1).
a2 = 4, a = 2
b2 = 9, b = 3
c2 = a2 + b2 = 4 + 9 = 13, c  13
The foci are at (3, 1  13) and (3, 1  13) .
2
Asymptotes: y  1   ( x  3)
3

47. (4x2 – 16x) – (9y2 – 54y) = 101 1

4(x2 – 4x + 4) – 9(y2 – 6y + 9) = 101 + 16 – 81
y  1   3 ( x  1)
4(x – 2)2 – 9(y – 3)2 = 36 Asymptotes:
1
( x  2) 2 ( y  3)2 2
 1 2
9 4 y  1   ( x  1)
center: (2, 3) 3
a2 = 9, a = 3
b2 = 4, b = 2
c2 = a2 + b2 = 9 + 4 = 13
c  13
2
asymptotes: y  3   ( x  2)
3
The foci are at (2  13, 3) and (2  13, 3) .
49. (4x2 – 32x) – 25y2 = –164

4(x2 – 8x + 16) – 25y2 = –164 + 64
4(x – 4)2 – 25y2 = –100
4( x  4)2 25 y 2 100
 
100 100 100
y 2 ( x  4)2
 1
4 25
48. (4x2 + 8x) – (9y2 + 18y) = 6 center: (4, 0)
4(x + 2x + 1) – 9(y2 +2y + 1) = 6 + 4 – 9
2
a2 = 4, a = 2
4(x + 1)2 – 9(y + 1)2 = 1 b2 = 25, b = 5
( x  1)2 ( y  1)2 c2 = a2 + b2 = 4 + 25 = 29
1
 1
1 c  29
4 9
2
The center is located at (–1, –1). asymptotes: y   ( x  4)
1 1 5
a2  , a  The foci are at (4, 29 ) and (4,  29 ) .
4 2
1 1
b2  , b 
9 3
1 1 13 13
c2  a 2  b2    , c
4 9 36 6
The foci are at
 13   13 
 1  6 ,  1 and  1  6 ,  1 .
   

50. (9x2 – 36x) – (16y2 + 64y) = –116 52. x2 y2

9(x – 4x + 4) – 16(y2 + 4y + 4) = –116 + 36– 64
2  1
25 4
9(x – 2)2 – 16(y + 2)2 = –144
The equation is for a hyperbola in standard form
9( x  2)2 16( y  2) 2 144 with the transverse axis on the x-axis. We have
 
144 144 144 a 2  25 and b2  4 , so a  5 and b  2 .
( y  2) ( x  2) Therefore, the vertices are at  a,0 or  5,0 .
2 2
 1
9 16 Using a dashed line, we construct a rectangle using
The center is located at (2, –2). the 5 on the x-axis and 2 on the y-axis. Then
a2 = 9, a = 3 use dashed lines to draw extended diagonals for the
b2 = 16, b = 4 rectangle. These represent the asymptotes of the
c2 = a2 + b2 = 9 + 16 = 25, c = 5 graph.
The foci are at (2, –7) and (2, 3).
3
Asymptotes: y  2   ( x  2)
4
From the graph we determine the following:

Domain:  x | x  5 or x  5 or
 , 5  5,  
51.
Range:  y | y is a real number or  ,  
2 2
x y
 1
9 16
The equation is for a hyperbola in standard form 53. x2 y2
with the transverse axis on the x-axis. We have  1
a 2  9 and b2  16 , so a  3 and b  4 . 9 16
The equation is for an ellipse in standard form with
Therefore, the vertices are at  a,0 or  3, 0 .
major axis along the y-axis. We have a 2  16 and
Using a dashed line, we construct a rectangle using
the 3 on the x-axis and 4 on the y-axis. Then b2  9 , so a  4 and b  3 . Therefore, the
use dashed lines to draw extended diagonals for the vertices are  0, a  or  0, 4 . The endpoints of
rectangle. These represent the asymptotes of the the minor axis are  b,0 or  3, 0 .
graph.

From the graph we determine the following: Domain:  x | 3  x  3 or  3,3
Domain:  x | x  3 or x  3 or Range:  y | 4  y  4 or  4, 4 .
 , 3  3,  

54. x2 y2 56. y 2 x2
 1  1
25 4 4 25
The equation is for an ellipse in standard form with The equation is in standard form with the transverse
major axis along the y-axis. We have a 2  25 and axis on the y-axis. We have a 2  4 and b2  25 ,
b2  4 , so a  5 and b  2 . Therefore, the so a  2 and b  5 . Therefore, the vertices are at
vertices are  a,0 or  5,0 . The endpoints of the 0, a  or 0, 2 . Using a dashed line, we
minor axis are  0, b  or  0, 2 . construct a rectangle using the 2 on the y-axis
and 5 on the x-axis. Then use dashed lines to
draw extended diagonals for the rectangle. These
represent the asymptotes of the graph.

Domain:  x | 5  x  5 or  5,5
Range:  y | 2  y  2 or  2, 2 . From the graph we determine the following:
Domain:  x | x is a real number or  ,  
55. y 2 x2 Range:  y | y  2 or y  2 or  , 2   2,  
 1
16 9
The equation is in standard form with the transverse 57. x2  y 2  4
axis on the y-axis. We have a 2  16 and b2  9 ,
x2  y 2  4
so a  4 and b  3 . Therefore, the vertices are at y
0, a  or 0, 4 . Using a dashed line, we 5
construct a rectangle using the 4 on the y-axis
and 3 on the x-axis. Then use dashed lines to (2, 0)
draw extended diagonals for the rectangle. These x
represent the asymptotes of the graph. (−2, 0) 5
Check  2, 0 :
 2  2  0 2  4  2  2  0 2  4
40 4 40  4
4  4 true 4  4 true
From the graph we determine the following: Check  2,0 :
 2 2  0 2  4  2 2  0 2  4
Range:  y | y  4 or y  4 or  , 4   4,  
40 4 40 4
4  4 true 4  4 true
The solution set is 2,0 , 2,0 .

58. x2  y 2  9 60. x2 y2
4 x 2  y 2  4 or  1
x2  y 2  9 1 4
y 2  4 x2  4
y y 2 x2
 1
5 4 1
y
(3, 0) 5
x
5 (0, 2)
(−3, 0)
x
5
(0, −2)
Check  3, 0 :
 32  02  9  32  02  9
Check  0, 2 :
90 9 90  9
4  0    2   4  2 2  4  02
2 2
9  9 true 9  9 true 4
Check  3, 0 : 04  4 40  4
32  02  9 32  02  9 44 44

true true
90  9 90  9
Check  0, 2  :
9  9 true 9  9 true
The solution set is  3,0 , 3,0 . 4  0   2   4
2 2
 2 2  4  0  2 4
04  4 40 4
59. x 2
y 2
44 44
9 x 2  y 2  9 or  1
1 9 true true
y 2  9 x2  9
y

2
x
1
2
The solution set is 0, 2 , 0, 2 .
9 1
y
61. | d2 – d1 | = 2a = (2 s)(1100 ft / s) = 2200 ft
5
a = 1100 ft
(0, 3)
2c = 5280 ft, c = 2640 ft
b2 = c2 – a2 = (2640)2 – (1100)2
x
5 = 5,759,600
(0, −3) x2 y2
 1
(1100) 2 5, 759,600
Check  0, 3 : x2 y2
 1
1, 210,000 5, 759,600
9  0   3  9  32  9 02  9
2 2
If M1 is located 2640 feet to the right of the origin on
09  9 90  9 the x-axis, the explosion is located on the right
branch of the hyperbola given by the equation above.
99 99
true true
Check  0,3 :
9  0   3  9 32  9 02  9
2 2
09  9 90 9
99 99
true true
The solution set is 0, 3 , 0,3 .

62. a. 2c = 200 km, c = 100 km 66. a. hyperbola

 m
d 2  d1  2a  500μs   300  b. x2  y 2  1
 μs 
2a = 150,000 m = 150 km
a = 75 km
b2  c 2  a 2  100   75  4375
2 2
x2 y2
77.  0
x2 y2 4 9
 1
752 4375 9
y2  x2
4
x2 y2 3
 1 y x
5625 4375 2
b. The x-coordinate of the ship is 100 km:
1002 y2
 1
5625 4375
y2 10,000
 1
4375 5625
No; in general, the graph is two intersecting lines.
10,000
y   4375  1  58.3 78. Answers will vary depending on the choice for a and
5625 b. For a= 2, b = 3, a graph is shown. The two graphs
The ship is about 58.3 kilometers from the open right/left and up/down, sharing a common set of
coast.
b
asymptotes given by y =  x.
63. 625 y 2  400 x 2  250,000 a
625 y 2 400 x 2 250,000

 
250,000 250,000 250,000
y2 x2
 1
400 625
a2 = 400, a = 400 = 20
2a = 40 79. 4x2 – 6xy + 2y2 – 3x + 10y – 6 = 0
The houses are 40 yards apart at their closest point. 2y2 + (10 – 6x)y + (4x2 – 3x – 6) = 0
64. a = 3 6 x  10  (10  6 x )2  8(4 x 2  3x  6)

y
x2 y2 4
 1
9 b2 6 x  10  4( x  24 x  37)
2
y
To find b, use the equation of the slope of the 4
asymptote,
3x  5  x 2  24 x  37
b b 1 y
:  2
a 3 2
3
Solving for b: 2b = 3, b = .
2
x2 y2
 9 1
9 4
65. a. ellipse The xy-term rotates the hyperbola. Separation of

terms into ones containing only x or only y would not
b. x2  4 y2  4 be possible.

x2 y2 81. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. Sample

80.  1 explanation: This would change the ellipse to a
16 9
hyperbola.
y2 x2
 1
9 16 82. makes sense
 x 2  16 
y2  9  
83. makes sense
 16 
84. makes sense
 x 2  16 
y   9  85. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
 16 
A sample change is: If a hyperbola has a transverse
3 2 axis along the x–axis and one of the branches is
y x  16
4 removed, the remaining branch does not define a
xx y y function of x.
 1
16 9 86. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
y y xx A sample change is: The points on the hyperbola’s
 1 asymptotes do not satisfy the hyperbola’s equation.
9 16
 x x  16  87. true
y y  9 
 16 
88. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
If y ≥ 0, y y  y 2 A sample change is: It is possible for two different
 x x  16  hyperbolas to share the same asymptotes. For
y2  9   x2 y2 y 2 x2
 16  example   1 and   1 share the
4 9 9 4
 x x  16  same asymptotes.
y  9 
 16 
c
3 89. will be large when a is small. When this happens,
y x x  16 ( x  4) a
4 the asymptotes will be nearly vertical.
If y < 0, y y   y 2 90. The center is at the midpoint of the line segment
 x x  16  joining the vertices, so it is located at (5, 0). The
 y2  9   standard form is:
 16 
( y  k )2 ( x  h )2
 x x  16   1
y 2  9  a2 b2

 16  (h, k) = (5, 0), and a = 6, so a2 = 36.
 x x  16  y 2 ( x  5)2
  1.
y   9   36 b2
 16  Substitute x = 0 and y = 9:
3 92 (0  5)2
y ( x x  16)  1
4 36 b2
3
y 16  x x (x ≤ 4) 25
 2 
5
4 b 4
100  5b2
b2  20
y 2 ( x  5)2
Standard form:  1
36 20
The second equation is a function with domain
(–∞, ∞).

91. If the asymptotes are perpendicular, then their slopes Section 9.3
are negative reciprocals. For the hyperbola
x2 y2 b Check Point Exercises
2
 2
 1 , the asymptotes are y  
x. The
a b a
1. y 2  8x
b a
slopes are negative reciprocals when  (since 4p  8
a b
one is already the negative of the other). This p2
happens when b2 = a2, focus:  p, 0   2, 0
so a = b. Any hyperbola where a = b, such as directrix: x   p; x  2
2 2
x y
  1, has perpendicular asymptotes.
4 4
92. y  x2  4 x  5
Since a  1 is positive, the parabola opens upward.
The x-coordinate of the vertex is
b 4
x   2. The y-coordinate of the
2a 2(1)
2. x 2  12 y
vertex is y  ( 2)2  4( 2)  5  9.
4 p  12
Vertex: (2, 9).
p  3
focus:  0, p    0, 3
directrix: y   p; y  3
y  3  x  1  2
2
93.
Since a  3 is negative, the parabola opens 3. The focus is (8, 0). Thus, the focus is on the x-axis.
downward. The vertex of the parabola is We use the standard form of the equation in which
 h, k   1, 2 . there is x-axis symmetry, namely, y 2  4 px .
The y–intercept is 1. The focus is 8 units to the right of the vertex, (0, 0).
Thus, p is positive and p  8.
y 2  4 px
y 2  4  8x
y 2  32 x
94. y 2  2 y  12 x  23  0
y2  2 y  12 x  23
y  2 y  1  12 x  23  1
2
( y  1)2  12 x  24

Section 9.3 The Parabola
4. ( x  2)2  4( y  1) 6. x 2  4 py
From the equation we have h  2 and k  1. Let x = 3 and y = 4.
vertex: (2, –1) 32  4 p  4
Find p: 4 p  4
9  16 p
p 1
9
focus: (h, k  p )  (2, 1  1) p
16
 (2,0) 9
x  y
2
directrix: y  k  p 4
y  1  1  9 9
The light should be placed at  0,  or inch
y  2  16  16
above the vertex.
Concept and Vocabulary Check 9.3
1. parabola; directrix; focus
2. a
5. y 2  2 y  4 x  7 3. (7, 0)
y 2  2 y  1  4 x  7  1
4. x7
( y  1)2  4( x  2)
From the equation we have h  2 and k  1. 5. 28; (7, 14); ( 7, 14)
vertex: (2, –1)
Find p: 4 p  4 6. d
p  1
7. (2, 0)
focus: (h  p, k )  (2  1, 1)
 (1, 1) 8. y  2
directrix: x  h  p
x  2  (1) 9. 4; (4, 0); (0, 0)
x3
Exercise Set 9.3
1. y2 = 4x
4p = 4, p = 1
vertex: (0, 0)
focus: (1, 0)
directrix: x = –1
graph (c)
2. x2 = 4y
4p = 4, p = 1
vertex: (0, 0)
focus: (0, 1)
directrix: y = –1
graph (a)

3. x2 = –4y 8. 4p = –12, p = –3
4p = –4, p = –1 vertex: (0, 0)
vertex: (0, 0) focus: (–3, 0)
focus: (0, –1) directrix: x = 3
directrix: y = 1
graph (b)
2
4. y = –4x
4p = –4, p = –1
vertex: (0, 0)
focus: (–1, 0)
directrix: x = 1
graph (d)
9. 4p = 12, p = 3
5. 4p = 16, p = 4 vertex: (0, 0)
vertex: (0, 0) focus: (0, 3)
focus: (4, 0) directrix: y = –3
directrix: x = –4
10. 4p = 8, p = 2
vertex: (0, 0)
6. 4p = 4, p = 1
focus: (0, 2)
vertex: (0, 0)
directrix: y = –2
focus: (1, 0)
directrix: x = –1
11. 4p = –16, p = –4
vertex: (0, 0)
7. 4p = –8, p = –2 focus: (0, –4)
vertex: (0, 0) directrix: y = 4
focus: (–2, 0)
directrix: x = 2

12. 4p = –20, p = –5 15. 8 x 2  4 y

vertex: (0, 0)
1
focus: (0, –5) x2   y
directrix: y = 5 2
1
4p  
2
1
p
8
 1
focus:  0,  
 8
2 1
13. y = 6x directrix: y 
6 3 8
4p = 6, p = 
4 2
vertex: (0, 0)
3 
focus:  , 0 
2 
3
directrix: x = 
2
16. 8 y 2  4 x
1
y2   x
2
1
4p  
2
1
p
2
8
14. x = 6y vertex: (0, 0)
6 3  1 
4p = 6, p =  focus:   ,0 
4 2  8 
vertex: (0, 0)
1
 3 directrix: x 
focus:  0,  8
 2
3
directrix: y = 
2
17. p = 7, 4p = 28
2
y = 28x
18. p = 9, 4p = 36
2
y = 36x
19. p = –5, 4p = –20

2
y = –20x
20. p = –10, 4p = –40

y2 = –40x

2
21. p = 15, 4p = 60 33. (x + 1) = –4(y + 1)
x2 = 60y 4p = –4, p = –1
vertex: (–1, –1)
22. p = 20, 4p = 80 focus: (–1, –2)
x2 = 80y directrix: y = 0
graph (d)
23. p = –25, 4p = –100
2
x2 = –100y 34. (y – 1) = –4(x – 1)
4p = –4, p = –1
24. p = –15, 4p = –60 vertex: (1, 1)
x2 = –60y focus: (0, 1)
directrix: x = 2
25. p  5  (3)  2 Vertex, (2, –3) graph (b)
( x  2)2  8( y  3) 35. 4p = 8, p = 2
vertex: (2, 1)
26. vertex: (5, –2 ); p = 7 – 5 = 2 focus: (2, 3)
directrix: y = –1
y 2  4 px
y 2  8x
( y  2)2  8( x  5)2
27. vertex: (1, 2) p = 2

( y  2) 2  8( x  1)
28. vertex: ( –1, 4) p = 3 36. 4p = 4, p = 1

y 2  4 px vertex: (–2, –1)
focus: (–2, 0)
y 2  4(3) x directrix: y = –2
y 2  12 x
( y  4)2  12( x  1)
29. vertex: (–3, 3), p = 1

( x  3)2  4( y  3)
30. vertex: (7, –5) p = 4

( x  7)2  16( y  5) 37. 4p = –8, p = –2
vertex: (–1, –1)
2
31. (y – 1) = 4(x – 1) focus: (–1, –3)
4p = 4, p = 1 directrix: y = 1
vertex: (1, 1)
focus: (2, 1)
directrix: x = 0
graph (c)
2
32. (x + 1) = 4(y + 1)
4p = 4, p = 1
vertex: (–1, –1)
focus: (–1, 0)
directrix: y = –2
graph (a)

2
38. 4p = –8, p = –2 42. (y – 1) = –8(x – 0)
vertex: (–2, –2) 4p = –8, p = –2
focus: (–2, –4) vertex: (0, 1)
directrix: y = 0 focus: (–2, 1)
directrix: x = 2
39. 4p = 12, p = 3
2
vertex: (–1, –3) 43. x – 2x + 1 = 4y – 9 + 1
2
focus: (2, –3) (x – 1) = 4y – 8
directrix: x = –4 2
(x – 1) = 4(y – 2)
4p = 4, p = 1
vertex: (1, 2)
focus: (1, 3)
directrix: y = 1
40. 4p = 12, p = 3
vertex: (–2, –4)
focus: (1, –4)
directrix: x = –5 2
44. x + 6x = –8y – 1
2
x + 6x + 9 = –8y – 1 + 9
2
(x + 3) = –8y + 8 = –8(y – 1)
4p = –8, p = –2
vertex: (–3, 1)
focus: (–3, –1)
directrix: y = 3
2
41. (y + 1) = –8(x – 0)
4p = –8, p = –2
vertex: (0, –1)
focus: (–2, –1)
directrix: x = 2

2 2
45. y – 2y + 1 = –12x + 35 + 1 48. x + 8x + 16 = 4y – 8 +16
2
(y – 1)2 = –12x + 36 (x + 4) = 4y+ 8
2
(y – 1)2 = –12(x– 3) (x + 4) = 4(y + 2)
4p = –12, p = –3 4p = 4, p = 1
vertex: (3, 1) vertex: (–4, –2)
focus: (0, 1) focus: (–4, –1)
directrix: x = 6 directrix: x = –3
2
46. y – 2y = 8x – 1 49. The y-coordinate of the vertex is
2
y – 2y + 1 = 8x – 1 + 1 b 6
y   3
2 1
2
(y – 1) = 8x 2a
4p = 8, p = 2 The x-coordinate of the vertex is
vertex: (0, 1)
x   3  6  3  5
2
focus: (2, 1)
directrix: x = –2  9  18  5
 4
The vertex is  4, 3 .
Since the squared term is y and a  0 , the graph
opens to the right.
Domain:  x | x  4 or  4,  
2
The relation is not a function.
47. x + 6x = 4y – 1
2
x + 6x + 9 = 4y – 1 + 9 50. The y-coordinate of the vertex is
 2 
2
(x + 3) = 4(y + 2) b
y  1
4p = 4, p = 1 2a 2 1
vertex: (–3, –2)
focus: (–3, –1) The x-coordinate of the vertex is
x  1  2 1  5
2
directrix: y = –3
 1 2  5
 6
The vertex is  6,1 .
Since the squared term is y and a  0 , the graph
opens to the right.
Domain:  x | x  6 or  6,  

51. The x-coordinate of the vertex is 55.

b 4
x  2
2a 2  1
The y-coordinate of the vertex is
y   2  4 2  3
2
 4  8  3
1
The vertex is  2,1 .
Since the squared term is x and a  0 , the graph Check  4, 2 :
opens down.
1
4   2  2   4  4 
2
2
2
Range:  y | y  1 or  ,1 4  0  4 22
The relation is a function. 4  4 true
true
52. The x-coordinate of the vertex is
Check  0,0 :
b  4 
x   2
2a 2  1 0  0  2  4
2
0
1
 0
The y-coordinate of the vertex is 2
0 44 00
y    2   4  2   4
2
00 true
 4  8  4 true
8 The solution set is 4, 2 , 0,0 .
The vertex is  2,8 .
Since the squared term is x and a  0 , the graph 56.
opens down.
Range:  y | y  8 or  ,8
The relation is a function.
 
53. The equation is in the form x  a y  k 2  h
From the equation, we can see that the vertex is
3,1 . Check  2,3 :
Since the squared term is y and a  0 , the graph
2   3  3  2
2
23 5
opens to the left.
Domain:  x | x  3 or  ,3 2  02 55
22
true
true
Check  3, 2 :
 
54. The equation is in the form x  a y  k 2  h
3   2  3  2
2
From the equation, we can see that the vertex is 3 2  5
 2,1 . 3  1 2 55
Since the squared term is y and a  0 , the graph 3 3 true
opens to the left. true
Domain:  x | x  2 or  , 2 The solution set is 2, 3 , 3, 2 .

57. 60.
The two graphs do not cross. Therefore, the

Check  2,1 : solution set is the empty set,   or  .
2  1  3 2  1  3 1
2 2
2  1  3 2  1  3 61. x2 = 4py
2  2 true 2  2 true 22 = 4p(1)

The solution set is  2,1 .  4=4
p=1
The light bulb should be placed 1 inch above the
58. vertex.
62. x2 = 4py
42 = 4p(1
16 = 4p
p=4
The light bulb should be placed 4 inches above the
vertex.
Check  5,0 : 63. x2 = 4py
62 = 4p(2)
5  02  5  52  02  25 36 = 8p
5  0  5 25  0  25 36 9
5  5 true p=   4.5
25  25 true 8 2
Check  4, 3 : The receiver should be located 4.5 feet from the base
of the dish.
4   3  5  4 2   32  25
2
4  95 16  9  25 64. x2 = 4py

4  4 true 25  25 true 32 = 4p(2)
Check  4,3 : 9 = 8p
9
4   3  5  4 2  32  25
2
p= = 1.125
8
4  95 16  9  25 The receiver should be placed 1.125 feet from the
4  4 true 25  25 true base of the smaller dish.
The solution set is  
 5,0 ,  4, 3 ,  4,3 .
65. x 2  4 py
59. (640) 2  4 p(160)
(640) 2
p  640
640
x  640  200  440
(440) 2  4(640) y
(440)2
y  75.625
4(640)
The two graphs do not cross. Therefore, the The height is 76 meters.
solution set is the empty set,   or  .

66. x2 = 4py 78. y 2  10 y  x  25  0

(400)2 = 4p(160)
160,000 = 640p y 2  10 y  ( x  25)  0
160,000 10  102  4( x  25)
p=  250 y
640 2
x = 400 – 100 = 300
10  4 x
3002 = 4(250)y y
2
3002
y  90 y  5  x
4(250)
The height is 90 feet.
67. x 2  4 py
2
 200 
   4 p(50)
2 
10, 000 79. 16x2 – 24xy + 9y2 – 60x – 80y + 100 = 0
 4p
50 9y2 – (24x + 80)y + (16x2 – 60x + 100) = 0
4 p  200
24 x  80  (24 x  80) 2  36(16 x 2  60 x  100)
x 2  200 y y
18
(30)2  200 y 24 x  80  6000 x  2800
y
900 18
y  4.5
200 24 x  80  20 15 x  7
(height of bridge) = 50 – 4.5 = 45.5 feet. y
18
Yes, the boat will clear the arch.
12 x  40  10 15 x  7
y
68. y 2  4 px 9
25  4 p(6)
25
 4p
6
25
feet
6
80. x2 + 2 3 xy + 3y2 + 8 3 x – 8y + 32 = 0
3y2 + (2 3 x – 8)y + (x2 + 8 3 x + 32) = 0
2
77. y + 2y – 6x + 13 = 0
y2 + 2y + (–6x + 13) = 0 (2 3 x  8)  (2 3 x  8)2  12( x 2  8 3 x  32)
y
6
2  22  4( 6 x  13)
y 2 3 x  8  128 3 x  320
2 y
2  24 x  48 6
y
2 2 3 x  8  8 2 3 x  5
y
y  1  6 x  12 6
 3 x  4  4 2 3 x  5
y
3

81. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. Sample  2  2 

explanation: Horizontal parabolas will rise without 92.   x   y     x   y    1
limit.  2  2 
2 2
82. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. Sample  x   y   x   y    1
explanation: More information is necessary to 2 2
determine how quickly it opens. 2
4
 
( x ) 2  ( y )2  1
83. makes sense x 2 y 2
 1
84. makes sense 2 2
x 2  y 2  2
A sample change is: Because a = −1, the parabola 93. a.
will open to the left.
86. true

A sample change is: If a parabola defines y as a
function of x, it will open up or down.
7
88. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. b. cos 2θ  
25
A sample change is: x  a  y  k   h is not a
parabola. There is no squared variable. 1  cos 2θ
c. sin θ 
2
89. Ax 2  Ey  0
 7 
E 1   
Ax   Ey
2
4p   y  25 
A sin θ 
E 2
x2   y p
E
y
A 16
4A sin θ 
25
 E 
focus:  0,  , 4
 4A sin θ 
5
E
directrix: y  1  cos 2θ
4A cos θ 
2
90. y = 4 is the directrix and (–1, 0) is the focus. The  7 
vertex must be located halfway between them at the 1   
 25 
point (–1, 2). p = –2 and the parabola opens down. cos θ 
(x + 1)2 = 4(–2)(y – 2) 2
(x + 1)2 = –8(y – 2) 9
cos θ 
25
91. Answers will vary.
3
cos θ 
5
d. Since 90  2θ  180 , we have 45  θ  90.

Both sin θ and cos θ are positive when
45  θ  90.
94. B 2  4 AC  (2 3) 2  4(3)(1)

 12  12
0

ISM PC Chpt09a

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ISM PC Chpt09a

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 9

Conic Sections and Analytic Geometry

Check Point Exercises 0, 4 .

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc 1153

6. (2, 2); (8, 2)

Exercise Set 9.1

1. ellipse; foci; center

2. 25; 5; 5; (5, 0); (5, 0); 9; 3; 3;

3. 25; 5; 5; (0,  5); (0, 5); 9; 3; 3;

1154 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

The foci are located at (0,  3 3) and (0, 3 3) .

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1155

1156 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

13. 25 x 2  4 y 2  100 15. 4 x 2  16 y 2  64

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1157

17. 7 x 2  35  5 y 2 20. a 2  16, b2  4, center at (0, 0)

22. a 2  16, b2  4 , center: (0, 0)

24. a 2  4, b2  1 center: (–1, –1)

1158 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

26. c 2  4 a 2  36 34. 2a  20, a  10, a 2  100

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1159

( x  3)2 4( y  2)2 16 41. a 2  25, a  5

1160 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

44. a2 = 25, a = 5 47. c2  5  2

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1161

36( x  4)2 ( y  3)2 36 52. (4 x 2  32 x )  (9 y 2  36 y )  64

51. (9 x 2  36 x )  (25 y 2  50 y )  164

1162 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

54. ( x 2  10 x )  (4 y 2  8 y )  13 56. (4 x 2  24 x )  (25 y 2  100 y )  36

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1163

Check the intersection point.

1164 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1165

66. a = 25, b = 20 78. 2a  186, a  93

81. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.

82. makes sense

1166 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1167

1168 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

Concept and Vocabulary Check 9.2

1. hyperbola; foci; vertices; transverse

2. (5, 0); (5, 0); ( 34, 0); ( 34 , 0)

4  x  6 x  9   9  y  10 y  25  153  36  ( 225)

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1169

1170 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

12. a = 4 – 1 = 3 14. a2 = 16, a = 4

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1171

1172 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1173

32. Center (–1, –2) a = 2, b = 2

26. y 2  x2  3 33. center: (–4, –3)

1174 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

38. The center is located at (–1, 2).

36. The center is located at (–2, 0).

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1175

( x  3)2 4( y  3)2 4 ( x  1)2 ( y  2)2

1176 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc

(x – 1)2 – (y + 2)2 = 1 16( x  2)2  ( y  1) 2  4

4(x + 4)2 – (y – 3)2 = 16   

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1177

47. (4x2 – 16x) – (9y2 – 54y) = 101 1

49. (4x2 – 32x) – 25y2 = –164

1178 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc