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 ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE (2020-2021)
MPA-015: Public Policy and Analysis
Disclaimer/Special Note: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions
given in the Assignments. These Sample Answers/Solutions are prepared by Private
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answer the Questions given the Assignments. We do not claim 100% accuracy of these sample
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every care has been taken while preparing these Sample Answers/Solutions. Please consult your own
Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a Particular Answer and for up-to-date and exact information, data
and solution. Student should must read and refer the official study material provided by the
university.

SECTION – I
Q1. What are the major constraints in public policy formulation?
Ans.
The Alternate Neo-Liberal Paradigm
Public Choice: Public Choice dismisses the welfare arguments fundamentally flawed in that as per the
understanding fostered by it. It creates unproductive dependency and reinforces ‘rent seeking’ as
against hard on economic gains on the part of influential interests. As per public choice, distribution
by political means concentrates benefit in a few hands and distributes costs widely, in that there is
unfair pressure brought to bear on public policy on the part of influential interest. The cost of
inefficient policies are dispersed to all citizens and therefore unnoticeable to each individual. On the
other hand, the benefits are shared by very few small special interest groups which have very strong
incentives to perpetuate the policy by further lobbying.

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Q2. Examine the rational policy-making model and highlight its relevance to the field of policy.
Ans.

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Q3. ‘Effective policy-making depends on active participation of the civil society organisations and
support of the government at all levels’. Comment.
Ans. The role of civil society organizations depends on the domestic and international conditions, the
success of the transition and consolidation of democracy, the power of the political society of
mutually supporting each other, and dependent on the actors involved in the political society,
markets and the State on the international arena.
According to Alagappa, there are four roles of civil society in support of the political changes in
determining the direction of democracy, namely: First, The existence of specific roles and functions on
a legitimate civil society organization in the State and the political system. Most civil society
organizations emphasize reform, accountability, representation, and subsidiarity. The role of civil
society can be expected to change as well. For example, In the subsequent transition phase, civil
society groups may become involved in drafting a new constitution, in strengthening and monitoring
political society and the state, in institutionalizing civil society and fostering public participation in
politics and policy-making. In the consolidation phase, civil society groups may seek to expand the
space for civil society and correct the deficiencies of the new democracy (including greater
transparency and accountability).
Second, The role of civil society in the political changes can be explained through the arena of political
discourse and the Government, including the civil society itself, the political society and the State.
Development of the role looks at the public arena, which is the domain of the self-governance — as
well as in terms of institutions, actors, and agendas that enable collective action to influence political
society and the state — constitute a political change in the realm of civil society.
Third, concentrations of civil society lie in its structure and rules for aggregation of interests and
representation, the competition in the power of the State, the power and the responsibility of the
legislature depends on civil society and politics.
Civil society can assist (or hinder) the development of political parties and a party system, the
institution of an electoral system, public participation in elections, monitoring of elections and
legitimating outcomes, and the constitution and functioning of the legislature. Finally, the role of civil
society in political change can be seen of how political change towards an open, political
accountability and participatory, as well as the importance of conceptualizing civil society both in the
arena of governance and the power to bring changes in civil society and the State.
According to Füle, civil society organizations are moving to look for policies related to democracy,
stability, and prosperity. The movement was able to drive on the transition to democracy, which is
supported by the existence of a credible policy on a country. It can also be supported by the existence
of historical, cultural factors and aspires at the change, which in the end wanted a legitimacy.
Civil society can play a role in accordance with regime change a Government that is running, it is not
directly said to be easy. For example, the movement of civil society in Europe, where they played a
role by conducting a protest to demand democracy and the existence of alternative structures. The
civil society is not always able to protect and defend common values that apply in the community.
For example, in the civil society movement in the gay pride parade. However, it is true that civil
society can change the prevailing political system, such as in the Mediterranean, which changed from
the Government’s undemocratic became a plural democracy. The success of the role of civil society is
supported by the existence of the tool and its preparation in performing actions.
According to Lowry, In new order era, citizens’ organizations have an important role to play, which
includes counterbalancing the authority of the state and the government in directing policy. This is an
area where, until now, the state has been dominant. Until the collapse of the New Order, the

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government succeeded in crippling Indonesian civil society at every level by breaking up the
networks within it, for example amongst interest groups, youth organizations, and women’s groups.
Even informal institutions, like the traditional mechanisms of decision-making at the local level, lost
most of their influence and function through being co-opted by the state. The effect of this systematic
emasculation of civil society was to weaken its ability to influence the government and hold it
accountable. As a result, those civil and political organizations that did arise came not from the
grassroots but from amongst students, academics, intellectuals, and others committed to social and
political activism. These individuals focused on advocacy as a means to represent the desires and
interests of other segments of the populace. This is a crucial point because it has implications for the
current role of NGOs, students and other groups of “intellectuals”.
The fall of the Suharto regime and the ensuing democratization process in Indonesia led to the
emergence of a discourse on good governance, accountability, and transparency of public institutions.
NGOs that were active in monitoring the activities of state and other political institutions emerged
and became known as “watchdog” organizations.
Starting with the heavy involvement of NGOs in the 1999 election, nowadays almost all aspects of
state institutions are being watched by NGOs. The Indonesian public recognizes various
organizations such as Indonesian Corruption Watch (ICW), Parliament/legislative watch (DRP-
Watch), Government Watch (GOWA), Police Watch (PolWatch), and budget watch (FITRA). He
concluded that Indonesian civil society since the fall of Suharto has been truly possible for citizens to
express their voices in public and speak out about what they feel important in life. In spite of
continued state-sponsored corruption and power abuse, civil society grows and is strong.
There remains today a flowering of new ideas and social actors, as people who had been denied
participation for a long time sought to get involved. There is a momentum for negotiating and
reformulating the balance of power between the state and its citizens. NGOs have an important role
to play in this. This has been made possible by the continued freedom of assembly and the freedom of
the press. Newspapers are free to write what they want and are often very brave in doing so. There
are dozens of television talk shows, discussing in very open and inclusive manners the problems of
government and society.
Q4. Explain the role of the Prime Minister’s Office in policy-making.
Ans.

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Q5. Write short notes in about 250 words on each of the following:
(a) Role of International Monetary Fund in policy-making.
Ans.

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(b) Models of inter- governmental relations.
Ans.

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Q6. Explain the role and responsibilities of legislative and judicial bodies in policy
implementation.
Ans.

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Q7. Examine the process of policy analysis.
Ans.

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Q8. Discuss the techniques of policy monitoring.
Ans.

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Q9. Describe the nature and criteria of policy evaluation.
Ans.

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Q10. Analyse the process of disinvestment in the central public enterprises in India.
Ans.

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