Thermodynamics II (MECH 3402)

Project

LECTURER: Dr Ng Khai Mun

BINBAREK MOHAMMED
172918871

SUBMISSION: WEEK 14

PROJECT BRIEFING FRONT SHEET

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 Assignment Project Date Lecture Week 14
Title submitted

Course Thermodynamics II Course MECH 3402

Name Code

Instructor Dr Ng Khai Mun Group Assignment

Individual Assignment /
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(Comments on this assignment by students can be made on the back of the assignment briefing sheet).

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the published or unpublished work of other persons has been duly acknowledged.

Please print your name in capitals, provide your; - matric number, programme (e.g. DME-5), actual time spent on the
BOX A
Student Name Student Matric Programme Actual Time Spent Signature of
(in CAPS please) Number by the Student Student
(hours)
BINBAREK MOHAMMED 172918871 AME302 21

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FOR GROUP ASSIGNMENTS - STUDENTS TO COMPLETE

Group Name/Number (if allocated)

(Student comments on this assignment can be made on the back of the assignment briefing sheet)

By completing BOX B below, we certify that the submission is entirely ours and that any material derived or quoted from the
published or unpublished work of other persons has been duly acknowledged.

Please print your name in capitals, provide your; - matric numbers, programme (e.g. BME-9), actual time spent on the
assignment and your signatures. By signing the submission you certify that this work represents equal contributions from all
BOX B
Student Name Student Matric Programme Actual Time Spent Signature of
(in CAPS please) Number by each Student Student
(hours)

This sheet must be submitted with the assignment, signed and either BOX A or B filled in.
LATE SUBMISSION WILL ATTRACT STANDARD LATENESS PENALTY.

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Contents
OBJECTIVE...................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction:..............................................................................................................................................4
The list of the major components...............................................................................................................6
Cycle A.....................................................................................................................................................13
Cycle B......................................................................................................................................................16
CYCLE C.................................................................................................................................................19

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OBJECTIVE

 Determine the design of improvement to a thermodynamic cycle for higher cycle

efficiency.
 Determine and evaluate the improvement for environmental and energy sustainability of
a thermodynamic cycles and other renewable based process.
 Propose a modification or design to improve the thermodynamic cycle by integrating a
renewable based system into the system, whichever suitable.

Introduction:
A power plant is a manufacturing facility used to produce electric power with the help of many
generators which converts different energy sources into electric power.
Electricity is a minor energy source the power plant is the location in which the energy
conversions take place. Traditionally, large power plants have been located in sub-urban regions
away from cities, as they need a vast area of land and sometimes water, wind or sun. All
electricity created in a power plant is (AC). The type of electric current found in your home is
direct current (DC).
In general, power plants can be divided into two categories - conventional and non-conventional
power plants.in this project will increased the efficiency by using a green energy (solar)
Portugal - Figueira da Foz,
In this project I will used one of the most general power cycle are ideal Reheat Rankine cycle
and is regenerative Rankine cycle ,and this cycle divide into two functions:
1- Open feedwater heaters cycle .
2- Closed feedwater heaters cycle.

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The list of the major components:
1-Turbine (high pressure).
2- Turbine (low pressure).
3- Pump.
4-Boiler.
5-condenser.
6-Pipes (specifically pipe number one from the condenser to the pomp).

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  Turbine.
GE’s STF-A200 non-reheat platform(high pressure turbine).

Turbine
Type Non-Reheat Steam Turbine
Inlet temperature 565°C
Inlet pressure 14 MPa (140 bar)
Max efficiency 0.405
Max output 300 MW

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 Turbine:
Steam Turbine SST-400 (up to 65 MW) (low pressure turbine)

Power output:
50 or 60 Hz, up to 65 MW
Live steam conditions:
Pressure:
up to 140 bar / 2030 psi
Temperature:
up to 540°C / 1004°F

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 Boiler.

Boiler
Type Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler (CFB)
Max pressure 33 MPa (330 bar)
Max temperature 600°C / 620°C
Max output 660 MWe (lignite), higher for hard coal
Furnace temperature 850°C - 900°C
Typical fuels Waste Coal

 Pump

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 Pump
Type Horizontal Multi-stage Centrifugal
Flow rate 15 - 300 m3/hr (4.167 - 83.333 kg/s)
Corollary power 75 - 1250 kW
Head 390 - 1050 m
Inlet diameter 65 - 200 mm

 Condenser

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 Condenser Vacuum (DUAL)

Condenser
Type Dual Vacuum Condenser
Reference solution 1200 MW
Thermal load 2030 MW
Circulating water
Fresh water / Cooling tower
nature
Circulating water flow 40 m3/s
temperature 6°C

 Boiler tube:

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Superheated tubes and reheater tubes in a comprehensive range of stainless steels and nickel
alloys covering outside diameters 12 to 260 mm (0.472 to 10.24 in.).
It is ideal for superheated and reheater tubes, allowing for material temperatures of up to 700ºC
(1290ºF)

Cycle A:

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For the first cycle involved the water TABLE A-5, A6 & A7.

Boiler parameter:
UP TO 33MPA (6 mpa).
6-400t/h (215.5 t/h). Power generation (41.6 MW).

Turbine1: high turbine

the maximum inlet steam pressure: 14Mpa;
Working on (9000kpa).
The maximum inlet steam temperature: 560℃;
Working on steam temperature (400 ℃).
The maximum capacity: 300MW;
Thermal efficiency≥82.7%;

Turbine 2: low turbine

the maximum inlet steam pressure: 14Mpa;
Working on (2000 kpa).
The maximum inlet steam temperature: 540℃;
Working on (400 ℃).
The maximum capacity: 200MW;
Thermal efficiency≥82.7%;

Dual vacuum condenser :

work on ( 30 kpa ).

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Result

Point 5: P = 2000 kPa T = 400°C

Point 1 & 6: P = 30 kPa

Point 2 & 3: P = 9000kPa/T3=400

point 4: p=2000

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Cycle B
In the second part add feed water to improve the efficiency (ideally graph).
For advanced improvement we will add a reheat component to the cycle before it enters the low
pressure turbine. And we will put the open feed water at the outlet of the low pressure turbine.

Adding Feedwater for the cycle 2 :

feedwater heater is a part of the power plant used to supply water to a steam-generating boiler for

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preheating. Preheating the feedwater decreases the irreversibility of steam generation and thus
increases the system's thermodynamic performance. This decreases operating costs of the plant
and also helps to protect the boiler metal from thermal shock as the feedwater is brought back
into the steam cycle.

Boiler parameter:
UP TO 33MPA (7 Mpa).
6-400t/h (215.5 t/h). Power generation (41.6 MW).

Turbine1: high turbine

the maximum inlet steam pressure: 14Mpa;
Working on (7000kpa).
The maximum inlet steam temperature: 560℃;
Working on steam temperature (450 ℃).
The maximum capacity: 300MW;
Thermal efficiency≥82.7%;

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Dual vacuum condenser :
work on ( 30 kpa ).

Result

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CYCLE C
Solar Thermal energy plant – A solar thermal energy plant will be used for creating solar
generated heaters which can be used for heating water and also as an indoor heating system.
Thermal cells will be used to capture the energy which has been generated by the sun and then
convert it into heat energy. It is also possible to make use of this energy for cooking purposes
and also for drying clothes. Low temperatures can be used for heating water as well as
swimming pools. Medium heat is used for heating up the inside of homes as well as office
buildings. High temperatures will help in generating the electricity which is needed for everyday
uses in homes and offices.

Location - Coordinates:  40°09′N 8°51′W

Country – Portugal
State - Figueira da Foz, Coimbra District

Principle of operation

The installation uses parabolic trough solar thermal technology along with natural gas to
generate electricity. 90% of the electricity is produced by the sunlight. Natural gas is only used
when the solar power is insufficient to meet the demand from Southern California Edison, the
distributor of power in southern California.
Mirrors
The parabolic mirrors are designed like a half-pipe. The sun shines onto the panels made of
glass, which are 94% reflective, disparate a typical mirror, which is only 70% reflective. The
mirrors automatically track the sun throughout the day. The greatest source of mirror breakage is
wind, with 3000 typically replaced each year. Operators can turn the mirrors to protect them
during intense wind storms. An automated washing mechanism is used to periodically clean the
parabolic reflective panels.

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Santa Catarina Praia do Forte
This location is chosen because it’s located in between Mondego River. This place also suitable
for a high temperature which is support for solar power plant. Moreover, in future the junction is
also can be used to build a Hydro Power Plant. The location is connected the river to the ocean
from the city. This place could be best place for the future developments

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