NEB40303

BKB40503
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
Chapter 3
Wind Energy

NURUL HANIS AZHAN (NUHA)

 ▪ Topic 3.1
Introduction to Wind Energy

▪ Topic 3.2
Chapter 3 Wind Power Generation
Wind Energy

▪ Topic 3.3
Wind Power System
 Course Learning Outcomes
(CLOs)

Upon completion of the chapter, students should be able to:

Explain the fundamental and main characteristics of various renewable

energy sources. [CLO2] [C4]
Generation of Wind blows in the direction of the
wind turbines rotor blades
Wind Power
The shape of the rotor blades causes
them to rotate when wind is blowing
on them, as they rotate they cause the
central axel at the centre of the
blades to turn.

Within the main body of the turbine

(Called the Nacelle), there is a
gearbox that converts the low speed
rotation of the axel into higher speed
rotations to drive the generator.

The generator which is located

behind the gearbox converts the
kinetic energy into electric energy.
Wind Power The generator which is located
behind the gearbox converts the
Transmission kinetic energy into electric
energy.
System
The electricity produced by the
generator in the wind turbine is sent by
a cable down through the tower of the
turbine to a transformer.

The transformer converts the electricity to

a higher voltage so that it can be used by
the nearby buildings it is powering or if
the wind power generated for the power
grid it is sent to a substation first where it
will be converted into a higher voltage.

The electricity is then ready to be consumed

by homes and businesses or the substation
will converter into rather a higher voltage for
transmission to the grid.
The voltage of the power lines are 132 kV, 275 kV and 500 kV. Distribution lines of 33 kV, 22
kV, 11 kV, 6.6 kV and 415/240 V in the Malaysia distribution network connect to the National
Grid via transmission substations where voltages are stepped down by transformers.
 Wind
Power
System
Grid-Connected PV System (GCPV)
Hybrid Solar PV and Wind Power System
Stand-alone Hybrid System
Grid-connected Hybrid System
Hybrid System with AC Microgrid
Wind Farm
 Onshore
Wind Farm

Alta Wind Energy Centre (AWEC) in

Tehachapi, Kern County, California.

Third largest onshore wind energy

project in the world with a combined
installed capacity of 1,547 MW
 Offshore
Wind Farm

The Wallney Extension in the Irish Sea opened in September 2018 with a
generating capacity of 659 MW, and is located between northern England and
the Isle of Man. At capacity, the wind farm provides enough power for more than
590,000 homes.

The wind farm spans 56 square miles — an area bigger than the island of
Manhattan or the city of San Francisco. (It’s about the size of 20,000 soccer fields.)
Offshore Wind Farm - Structure
 Understanding the Wind Farm
▪ Rated Capacity
Rated capacity is nameplate rating or capacity of each wind turbine multiplied by
the number of hours in a year. It is the maximum power that can be generated
theoretically. The rated capacity is also called installed capacity.

▪ Real Capacity
Real capacity of a wind farm is its actual productivity. It is calculated by taking an
average over a long period of time, typically a year. The main reason for real
production of a wind farm being less than the rated capacity is availability of wind.
Production of electricity is possible only if wind speed is between 8 kph to 54 kph.
Anything lower or higher cannot be used.

▪ Capacity Factor Values

Nameplate ratings are expressed in watt. Productivity of a wind farm is also in watt.
Since capacity factor is the ratio between the two, it has no units. It is expressed in
percentage. Normally a wind farm’s capacity can be anywhere between 15 and
50%.
 Consideration of
Developing Wind Power
Generation System
Issue 1 Noise
Issue 2 Downwind & Upwind Effect
Issue 3 Maintenance Cost
 Issue 4
Wildlife
Habitat
Issue 5 High in Risk

Turbines generally aren’t

designed for hurricane risk
➢A paper published in Nature Energy
analyzed the opinions of 163 wind
power experts from around the globe
and found that they expect the cost of
wind energy to fall even further.
➢Those experts said that by 2030, both
onshore and offshore wind turbines Future of
will get bigger, leading to additional
cost reductions and smoother energy
Wind
generation. Power
➢The median response from experts
was that wind power cost could be
reduced by 24 to 30 percent by 2030
based on the advances in turbine
technology that are either projected
or already being seen today.
 Future of Wind
Power

▪ A vast array of imagined wind

turbines, which would be
contained within the solid black
line, would quickly warm the
contiguous United States by an
average of 0.24 degrees Celsius, a
new study estimates.
▪ The warming effect is strongest
near the center of the array, with
warming of as much as 1 degree
Celsius.
▪ Currently operational wind farms,
with their capacity for producing
energy (in MWi, or megawatts per
installation) are shown as open
circles for reference.
 ▪ Topic 3.1
Introduction to Wind Energy

▪ Topic 3.2
Chapter 3 Wind Power Generation
Wind Energy

▪ Topic 3.3
Wind Power System