BIO 024 | BIOCHEMISTRY (LECTURE)

NAME: GALANG, JAMES LORD CABALDE COURSE/YEAR/SEC: BSN1-7

STUDENT NO.: 06-2223-033218 PHINMA E-MAIL: jalo.galang.sjc@phinmaed.com

“VITAMINS AS ANTIOXIDANTS”

Oxidative stress is a condition that results from an imbalance in the body's free radical and
antioxidant defense systems. Many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, are
caused by oxidative stress because these diseases are of public health importance. Several researchers have
focused on the link between oxidative stress and them. One method of reducing oxidative stress is to increase
antioxidant capacity. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the antioxidant potential of certain
vitamins, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids, as well as their role in human health. The antioxidant
capacity of the vitamins mentioned above is almost universally acknowledged. Despite the fact that the
potential role of other vitamins in oxidative stress has received little attention, these vitamins have not been
well evaluated for their role in health as an antioxidant or in their deficiency state. Vitamin K, Vitamin D,
Niacin, Pyridoxine, and Riboflavin are some of the overlooked antioxidant vitamins. In many cases, they act
as co-enzymes to attack free radicals, and their deficiency states precipitate oxidative stress. Numerous studies
have reported the effect of these vitamins on neuroprotection, riboflavin on lipid peroxidation and protein
carbonyls in rats, and vitamin B12 on retinal ganglion cells. A lack of these vitamins has also been linked to
oxidative stress-induced conditions such as atherogenesis, as well as increased homocysteine, which increases
cardiovascular risk. The examples above demonstrate that these vitamins have antioxidant properties, but more
research on these vitamins is needed. This review assesses studies that looked into the antioxidant properties
of these vitamins and how they affected oxidative stress. Vitamins play a significant role in how we will
maintain the properties of nutrients in order to prevent the chronic diseases mentioned above. It is a complex
organic compound found in foods that provides significant benefits for a healthy metabolism. Vitamin A is
required for vision, cell growth and development, antioxidant activity, and cell communication. Vitamin D,
on the other hand, is essential for maintaining healthy calcium homeostasis. Tocopherols and vitamin E protect
the body's structures from oxidative damage.

Chronic diseases are exacerbated by oxidative stress. An increased antioxidant potency in the body
can alleviate oxidative stress and aid in the prevention or enhance disease conditions. Some food nutrients,
particularly vitamin C, E, and carotenoids, are well-known antioxidants; however, other vitamins with
antioxidant potentials, such as vitamin K, vitamin D, niacin, pyridoxine, and riboflavin, are rarely considered.
This review includes studies that looked into the antioxidant properties of vitamins other than the known
antioxidants, as well as their effect on oxidative stress reduction. Other vitamins, according to the studies
reviewed, have antioxidant properties and can improve oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation, protein
carbonylation, and the reduction of advanced glycated end-products. As a result, proper attention should be
paid to these neglected vitamins in oxidative stress research, nutrition, and disease management related to
oxidative stress.

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING | 1ST YEAR 1

 BIO 024 | BIOCHEMISTRY (LECTURE)

According to this journal, vitamins act as antioxidants, preventing oxidative stress, which causes
illness. It was also stated that we only know some vitamins as antioxidants and that some of the vitamins
mentioned above, such as vitamin K and vitamin D, are rarely considered. This journal reminds us and informs
us that we also require other vitamins to act as antioxidants in our bodies in order to lessen or reduce the risk
of illness which is good.

This review covers both in-vivo and in-vitro studies on vitamin antioxidant properties. Apart from
classical antioxidants (Vitamin C, E, and carotenoids), it has also been able to draw attention to other vitamins
(Vitamin K, Vitamin D, Niacin, Pyridoxine, and Riboflavin) that play vital roles in defending the body against
free radicals by potentiating enzyme antioxidants, acting as co-enzymes, in their reduced physiological forms,
or directly attacking free radicals. More research on these vitamins using improved techniques is needed to
define their role and allow them to be used as nutritional supplements for the management and prevention of
human diseases.

REFERENCES/S:

Sinbad, O. O., Folorunsho, A. A., Olabisi, O. L., Ayoola, O. A., & Temitope, E. J. (2019). Vitamins as
Antioxidants. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 2(3), 214–235.
https://fortuneonline.org/articles/vitamins-as-antioxidants.html
Vitamins as Antioxidants. (n.d.). https://fortuneonline.org/articles/vitamins-as-antioxidants.html

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING | 1ST YEAR 2