PARASITOLOGY NOTES: PHASMIDS

SPECIES INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY/NOTES DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT

STAGE STAGE

Ascaris Fully Adult Worm, Ova - MOT:Ingestion Stool exam for eggs Mebendazole,
lumbricoides Embryonated - Reside in S intestine Albendazole,
Giant Intestinal Egg - POLYMYARIAN Pyrantel pamoate,
Roundworm; - Vague Abdominal Pain Nitazoxanide
Lumbricus teres - Loeffler's pneumonia.
- Eosinophilia in
migration.

Enterobius Embryonated Embryonated egg - MOT: Inhalation, Scotch tape Mebendazole,

vermicularis egg Ingestion, Contact (cellulose) test; Albendazole,
Seatworm; - Reside in duodenum stool exam for eggs Pyrantel pamoate,
Pinworm; Society - MEROMYARIAN
worm - Nocturnal Pruritus ani
- Oxyuriasis
- Retro infection

Toxocara Embryonated Larva in tissue - MOT: Ingestion Serology; Clinical Albendazole,

cani,cati egg - Visceral Larva migrans symptoms (VLM, Mebendazole
Dog roundworm, - Ocular Larva migrans OLM) Steroids for
Cat roundworm - Covert Toxocariasis inflammatory
- Neurological reaction.
Toxocariasis

Anisakis L3 larvae Larva - MOT: Ingestion History of eating Corticosteroids,

Sea animal - Gastric Anisakidosis undercooked fish, Surgery for
ascarid - Intestinal Anisakidosis ELISA obstruction,
- Ectopic Anisakidosis Gastropic/Endoscop Albendazole
(Tingling throat ic exam, RAST.
syndrome)
- Anisakiasis
- Anisakis simplex: Local
tissue response

HOOKWORMS: Egg/Ova - MOT: Skin penetration. Stool exam: Ova Mebendazole

Necator - Reside in S. Intestine (DOC)
americanus (New Teeth formation: - Necator: alveolar
world hookworm) N. americanus: capillaries, pulmonary Pyrantel pamoate
Semilunar cutting - Erosion, Ulceration, Iron therapy
Ancylostoma plates. Hemorrhage, Nutritional
duodenale(Old Abdominal pain, supplementation
world hookworm) [Link] Diarrhea
pairs - Animal hookworms
Ancylostoma causes skin pathology
caninum(Dog [Link]: 3 pairs
hookworm)
[Link]: 2
Ancylostoma pairs
Braziliense (Cat
hookworm)
 SPECIES INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY/NOTES DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT
STAGE STAGE

Strongloides Filariform Larva Rhabditiform - MOT: Skin penetration Stool sample: Egg, Mebendazole
stercoralis larva; Eggs: Adult - 4x molting Rhabditiform larvae,
Threadworm worm - Pulmonary circulation Adult
- Fibrosis of Intestinal
segment Note: No filariform
- Reside in : Small larvae
intestine, liver, skin,
lymphatics, lungs,
kidney, heart

Angiostrongylus L3 larva Larva; Adult - MOT: ingestion Presence of Larva: Thiabendazole,

cantonensis worm, - Classical parasite Eosinophilia; steroids for
Rat lungworm Eosinophilia infection Presence of worm in inflammation,
- Ocular: eye pain,retinal eye Analgesics for
edema, worm in pain
vitreous chamber
- CNS impairment

Gnathostoma L3 Larva Triad; - MOT: Ingestion of raw Triad; Eosinophilia, Incision of lesion
spinigerum Eosinophilia, saltwater fish Migratory Lesions, and removal of
Migratory Lesions, - Cutaneous Obvious exposure larva,
Obvious exposure Gnathostomiasis risk.
risk. - Migratory Biopsy
edema/Creeping ELISA
eruptions

Dracunculus L3 larva Adult female - MOT: ingestion of Adult female worm Removal of worm
medinensis worm copepods in blisters by gentle traction
Guinea worm - Erythema, Urticaria, and rolling on
Pruritus stick.
- Blisters
- Leads to tetanus Niridazole,
infection Thiabendazole
Mentronidazole,
Mebendazole
 PARASITOLOGY NOTES: APHASMIDS

SPECIES INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY/NOTES DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT

STAGE STAGE

Trichinella Encysted Encysted Larva - MOT: Ingestion of Muscle biopsy: Prednisone for
spiralis Larva Encysted larvae in gold standard inflammation,
Trichina worm meat ELISA, Thiabendazole,
- Trichinosis Becks Mebendazole
- Reside in Skeletal Xenodiagnosis,
muscle
- Self limiting

Capillaria Infective Unembryonated - MOT: ingestion Stool exam Albendazole

philippinensis Larva egg, striated - Reside in jejunum (DOC)
Pudoc worm peanut shapes Mebendazole
Electrolyte
replacement

Trichuris Embryonated Unembryonated - MOT: ingestion Stool exam, kato Mebendazole,

trichiura egg egg, - Reside in : Jejunum, katz, kato thick, Albendazole
Whipworm lemon/barrel Cecum serologic, PCR
shapes, refractile - Rectal Prolapse in
bipolar plug heavy infection
- Asymptomatic in light
infection
- Blood in stool
- Petechial hemorrhage
in intestinal mucosa
 PARASITOLOGY NOTES: FILARIAL PHASMIDS

SPECIES VECTOR PERIODICITY LOCATION MICROFILARIA NOTES

AFFECTED

LYMPHATIC FILARIA

Wuchereria Culex, Aedes, Nocturnal Lymphatic Blood Sheathed pointed tall tip free of
bancrofti Anopheles nuclei

Brugia malayi Mansonia Nocturnal Lymphatic Blood Sheathed blunt tail tip with 2
terminal nuclei

Brugia timori Anopheles Nocturnal Lymphatic Blood Sheathed, Notably longer than
Barbirostris [Link]

SUBCUTANEOUS FILARIA

Loa Loa Chrysops, Diurnal Connective tissues, Blood Sheathed Nuclei extending up to
Deer fly Conjuctiva pointed tail tip

Onchocerca Simulium, Non Periodic Subcutaneous Eyes, Skin Unsheathed Blunt tail tip free of
volvulus Black fly nuclei

Mansonella Culicoides, Non Periodic Subcutaneous Skin Unsheathed blunt tail tip with
streptocella midges nuclei

SEROUS CAVITY FILARIA

Mansonella Culicoides, Non Periodic Peritoneum, Pleura Blood Unsheathed Pointed tail tip
ozzardi midges without nuclei

Mansonella Culicoides, Non Periodic Peritoneum, Pleura Blood Unsheathed Pointed tail tip with
Perstans midges nuclei