12.

10 Arithmetic Progression (AP)  nth term

5 + 9 + 13 + 17 + 21 + 25 + 29 + … … … …
In this expansion, difference of any two consecutive numbers is 4
This is called the “Common Difference”  d

If we let the first term = a, the series becomes

a  (a  d )  (a  2d )  (a  3d )  (a  4d )  ... ... ... ...

1st term T1  a
2nd term T2  a  d
3rd term T3  a  2d
4th term T4  a  3d
10th term T10  a  9d
nth term Tn  a  (n  1) d

12.11 Finding number of terms n, from a given series

Let, last term Tn be l

Tn  a  (n  1) d  l  a  (n  1) d
la
n 1
d

12.12 Sum of first n terms

Sum of first n terms of an expansion, S n  T1  T2  T3  ... ...  Tn2  Tn

That is

S n  a  (a  d )  (a  2d )  ... ...  a  (n  2) d  a  (n  1) d (1)

In reverse order

S n  a  (n  1) d  a  (n  2) d  ... ...  (a  2d )  (a  d )  a (2)

`

(1) + (2)
`

2S n  2a  (n  1) d  2a  (n  1) d  2a  (n  1) d  ... ...  2a  (n  1) d  2a  (n  1) d
n
2S n  n  [2a  (n  1) d ]  S n  [2a  (n  1) d ]
2

Page 1
12.13 Dealing

Let S n  n 2  3n  8
Then S1  12  T1  12  a  12
S 2  18  T1  T2  18  a  (a  d )  18

Two equations of a and d are found,

now solving them simultaneously we can find the values of a and d

Exercise 12C
1. The first term of an arithmetic series is 3 and the common difference is 7. Find
(a) 18th term (b) sum of first 12 terms

2. The sum of the first three numbers of an arithmetic series is 12. If the 20 th term is –32, find the first
term and the common difference.

3. The first term of an arithmetic series is 4. The sum to 20 terms is –15. Find, in any order, the
common difference and the 20th term.

4. The sum of the first 10 terms of an arithmetic series is 295, and the sum of the first 8 terms of the
same series is 196. Find
(a) The common difference of the series, (b) The first term of the series.

5. In an arithmetic progression, the first term is 10, the 15th term is 11 and the last term is 41. Find the
sum of all the terms in the progression.

6. The sum of the first two terms of an arithmetic series is 47

The thirtieth term of this series is –62. Find :
(a) The first term of the series and the common difference.
(b) The sum of the first 60 terms of the series.

7. The first three terms of an arithmetic series of positive terms have sum 24 and product 440.
Find (a) the value of each of the first three terms.
(b) the sum of the first 25 terms

8. Find the sum of the multiples of 3 less than 100. Hence or otherwise find the sum of the numbers
less than 100 which are not multiples of 3.

9. Find the sum of all the integers from 5 to 195 inclusive which are not multiples of 5.

10. (a) Find the sum of the integers which are divisible by 3 and lie between 1 and 400.
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the sum of the integers, from 1 to 400 inclusive, which are not
divisible by 3.

Page 2
11. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 6 and the fifth term is 12. The progression has n terms
and the sum of all the terms is 90. Find the value of n.

12. Show that the sum of the first 2n natural numbers is n(2n + 1).

13. Prove that the sum of the first n odd umbers in n2.

14. The sixth term of an arithmetic series is 25 and the eighteenth term is –11.
(a) Find the first term and the common difference of the series.
(b) Find the smallest value of n for which the sum of the first n terms of the series is negative.

15. The fifth term of an arithmetic series is 14 and the sum of the first three terms of the series is –3.
(a) Use algebra to show that the first term of the series is –6 and calculate the common difference
of the series.
(b) Given that the nth term of the series is greater than 282, find the least possible value of n.

1 1 3
16. Given that the sum of the first 21 terms of an arithmetic series with first three terms , and
2x x 2x
st
is 57.75, find (a) the value of x. (b) the value of the 21 term of this series.

17. Sum of first 41 terms of an arithmetic progression is 500. Find the 21st term of this series.

18. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 61 and the second term is 57. The sum of the first n
terms is n. Find the value of the positive integer n.

19. The ninth term of an arithmetic progression is 22 and the sum of the first 4 terms is 49.
(i) Find the first term of the progression and the common difference.
The nth term of the progression is 46. (ii) Find the value of n.

20. The tenth term of an arithmetic progression is 125 and the sum of first ten terms is 260. Find the first
term, the common difference and the 100th term in the progression.

21. An arithmetic progression has first term 3 and common difference 0.8. The sum of the first n terms
of this arithmetic progression is 231. Find the value of n.

22. The fourth term of an arithmetic series 3k, where k is a constant, and the sum of the first six terms of
the series is 7k + 9.
(a) Show that the first term of the series is 9 – 8k.
(b) Find an expression for the common difference of the series in terms of k.
Given that the seventh term of the series is 12, calculate :
(c) The value of k. (d) The sum of the first 20 terms of the series.

24. An arithmetic progression has first term a and common difference d. It is given that the sum of the
first 200 terms is 4 times the sum of the first 100 terms.
(i) Find d in terms of a. (ii) Find the 100th term in terms of a.

Page 3
23. The sum of the first six terms of an arithmetic series is 90 and the eleventh term is five times the
second term. Given also that the pth term of the series is greater than 100,
(a) Write down an inequality in p.
(b) Solve your inequality to determine the least value of p.

25. The 15th term of an arithmetic series is 46. The sum of the first 20 terms is 650. Find
(a) The least number of terms for which the sum of the series is greater than 1000.
Given that the series has 40 terms,
(b) Find the sum of the last 10 terms of the series.

26. The first three terms of an arithmetic series are (4p2 – 10), 8p and (4p + 3) respectively.
(a) Find the two possible values of p.
(b) For each of the values of p, write down the first three terms of the series.
Given also that p is positive and that the nth term of the series is 93,
(c) find the value of n.

27. x2, (8x + 1) and (7x + 2), where x  0, are the second, fourth and sixth terms respectively of an
arithmetic series.
(a) Find the value of x.
(b) Find the common difference and the first term of the series.
(c) Calculate the sum of the first 20 terms of the series.

28. The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is given by Sn = n(2 + 3n). Find
(a) The first term of the series, (b) The common difference of the series,
(c) The tenth term of the series,
(d) The greatest value of n for which Sn < 1496.

5 2 7
29. The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic series isn  n . Find
4 4
(a) The first term and the common difference of the series.
(b) The 50th term of the series.

30. The sum, Sn of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is given by Sn = n(2n + 3). Find
(a) The first term and the common difference of the series.
(b) The least value of n for which the sum of the series is greater than 275.

31. The first term of an arithmetic series is 20 and the sum of the first 40 terms is 410.
(a) Calculate the common difference of the series.
The sum of the first n terms of the series is S. Given that S  305,
(b) Find the set of possible values of n.

Page 4
12.14 Geometric Progression (GP)  nth term

5 + 15 + 45 + 135 + 405 + 1215 + 3645 + … … … …

In this expansion, ratio of any two consecutive terms is 3
This is called the “Common Ratio”  r

If we let the first term = a, the series becomes

a  ar  ar 2  ar 3  ar 4  ... ... ... ...

1st term T1  a
2nd term T2  ar

3rd term T3  ar 2

4th term T4  ar 3

10th term T10  ar 9

nth term Tn  ar n1

12.15 Sum of first n terms

Sum of first n terms of an expansion, S n  T1  T2  T3  ... ...  Tn2  Tn

That is

S n  a  ar  ar 2  ar 3  ar 4  ... ...  ar n1 (1)

Multiply by r

r S n  ar  ar 2  ar 3  ar 4  ... ...  ar n (2)

`

(1)  (2) gives

`

S n  r S n  a  ar n
a (1  r n )
Sn 
1 r

12.16 Sum to infinity

If r  1 , i.e.  1  r  1 then r  0

a (1  r n ) a
Sn   S 
1 r 1 r

Page 5
Exercise 12D
1. The first term of a geometric progression is 12 and the common ratio 2. Find
(i) the tenth term of the progression, (ii) the sum of first 5 terms.

1
2. The first term of a geometric progression is 108 and the common ratio . Find
3
(i) the fifth term of the progression, (ii) the sum to infinity.

3. The first term of a geometric progression is 12 and the second term is −6. Find
(i) the tenth term of the progression, (ii) the sum to infinity.

4. A geometric progression, for which the common ratio is positive, has a second term of 18 and a fourth
term of 8. Find
(i) the first term and the common ratio of the progression
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression.

1 1
5. The first term of a geometric progression is 5 and the fourth term is 2 . Find
3 4
(i) the common ratio, (ii) the sum to infinity.

6. The third term of a geometric progression is −108 and the sixth term is 32. Find
(i) the common ratio, (ii) the first term, (iii) the sum to infinity.

1 1 1
7. The numbers , and are the first three terms of a geometric series.
t t 1 t2
1
(a) Find the value of t. (b) Show that the common ratio of this series is  .
3
(c) Deduce the sum to infinity of the series

8. In a geometric series, (x + 1), (x + 3) and (x + 4) are the first, second and third terms respectively.
Calculate the value of x and hence write down the numerical values of the common ratio and the
first term of the series. Calculate the numerical value of the sum to infinity of the series.

9. The first three terms of geometric series are (x – 8), x and (2x + 12) respectively.
(a) Find the two possible values of x and hence, the two possible values of the common ratio of
the series.
Given also that the common ratio is less than one.
(b) find the sum to infinity of the series.

9
10. The numbers t, (t – 7) and are the first three terms of a geometric series in which all the terms are
t
positive. Calculate
(a) the value of t. (b) the sum to infinity of the series.

Page 6
11. Given that (p2 – 4), (5p – 2) and 27 are, respectively, the first three terms of a geometric series,
(a) find the two possible values of p.
(b) For each of your values of p, write down the first three terms of the series.
Given also that the series has a sum to infinity, find
(c) the common ratio of the series.

12. The first three terms of a geometric series are 25p, (3t + 4)p and t2p respectively, where p and t are
non-zero constants.
(a) Find the possible values of t.
(b) Calculate the possible values of the common ratio of the series.
Given also that the value of t is positive and that the sum to infinity of the series is 50,
(c) show that p = 1.2
(d) find the difference, to 2 significant figures, between the sum to infinity of the series and the
sum of the first 8 terms of the series.

13. A geometric series has first term (2x – 6), second term (2x + 2) and third term (7x + 1).
(a) Find the two possible values of x.
Give that x is an integer,
(b) find the common ratio of the series.
(c) calculate the sum of the first 10 terms of the series.

14. The first three terms of a geometric series are (x – 5), (2x + 4) and (10x – 8)
(a) Find the possible values of the common ratio of the series.
Given that x is an integer,
(b) Calculate the 10th term of the series.

15. The 3rd, 4th and 5th terms of geometric series are (2x – 1), (2 – x) and (2x – 9) respectively.
(a) Calculate the possible values of x.
For the case when x is an integer,
(b) Calculate the common ratio of the series,
(c) Calculate, to 2 decimal places, the sum of the first 10 terms of the series.

16. The first three terms of a geometric series are 4pq, (7p – 4)q and 9pq respectively, where p and q are
non zero constants.
(a) Find the possible values of p.
(b) Calculate the possible values of the common ratio of the series
Given that p is an integer and that the sum of the first four terms is 1040
(c) Find the value of q.

Page 7
17. The first three terms of a geometric series are (x – 7), (2x – 5) and (7x + 5) respectively
(a) Determine the two possible values of x
Given that the common ratio of the series is not 1, find, for the series
(b) The first term (c) The common ratio (d) The sum of the first 10 terms

18. The first three terms of a geometric series are (x – 3), (2x – 2) and (5x + 1). Given that these terms
are not equal, Find
(a) The value of x (b) The first term of the series
(c) The common ratio of the series (d) The sum of the first 12 terms of the series.

19. A geometric series has first term 3x, second term (4x + 2) and third term (7x – 1)
(a) Find the two possible values of x.
For the case where x is an integer
(b) Find the common ratio of the series.
For the case where x is not an integer,
(c) Find the sum of the first 12 terms of the series

20. The first three terms of a geometric series are non-identical and are given by (x + 2), 3x and (7x – 4)
respectively. Find
(a) The first term of the series. (b) The common ratio of the series.
(c) The sum of the first 17 terms of the series.

21. The first and second terms of a geometric series are q and q + 2 respectively, where q ≠ –2.
(a) Find an expression, in terms of q, for the third term of the series.
(b) Find the range of values of q for which the series converges.
Given that the series converges.
(c) find an expression, in terms of q, for the sum to infinity of the series.

22. The first term of a geometric series is 2a. The sum to infinity of this series is S. The square of the
terms of this series form a second geometric series whose sum to infinity is 4S. Show that the
common ratio of this second series is ( 12 a  1) 2 .

Page 8
Exercise 12E
1. A progression has a second term of 96 and a fourth term of 54. Find the first term of the progression
in each of the following cases.
(i) the progression is arithmetic.
(ii) the progression is geometric with a positive common ratio.

2. A progression has a first term of 12 and a fifth term of 18.

(i) Find the sum of the first 25 terms if the progression is arithmetic.
(ii) Find the 13th term if the progression is geometric.

3. (a) The sixth term of an arithmetic progression is 23 and the sum of the first ten terms is 200.
Find the seventh term.
(b) A geometric progression has first term 1 and common ratio r. A second geometric progression
1
has first term 4 and common ratio r. The two progressions have the same sum to infinity,
4
S. Find the values of r and S.

4. (a) The first two terms of an arithmetic progression are 1 and cos2 x respectively. Show that the
sum of the first ten terms can be expressed in the form a − b sin2 x, where a and b are
constants to be found.
1 1
(b) The first 2 terms of a geometric progression are 1 and tan2  respectively where 0 <  < 
3 2
(i) Find the set of values of  for which the progression is convergent.
1
(ii) Find the exact value of the sum to infinity when  = 
6

5. (a) In an arithmetic progression, the sum of the first n terms, denoted by S n , is given by
S n = n2 + 8n.
Find the first term and the common difference.
(b) In a geometric progression, the second term is 9 less than the first term. The sum of the second
and third terms is 30. Given that all the terms of the progression are positive, find the first
term.

6. (a) In an arithmetic progression, the sum, Sn, of the first n terms is given by Sn = = 2n2 + 8n.
Find the first term and the common difference of the progression.
(b) The first 2 terms of a geometric progression are 64 and 48 respectively. The first 3 terms of
the geometric progression are also the 1st term, the 9th term and the nth term respectively of
an arithmetic progression. Find the value of n.

7. (a) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric progression whose second term is 162 and whose
fifth term is 48.
(b) An arithmetic progression has a first term of 6 and a fifth term of 18. The sum of the first n
terms of the progression is greater than 2000. Find the smallest possible value of n.

Page 9
8. An arithmetic progression contains 25 terms and the first term is −15. The sum of all the terms in the
progression is 525. Calculate
(a) the common difference of the progression,
(b) the last term in the progression,
(c) the sum of all the positive terms in the progression.

9. The first, second and third terms of a geometric progression are 2k + 3, k + 6 and k, respectively.
Given that all the terms of the geometric progression are positive, calculate
(a) the value of the constant k, (b) the sum to infinity of the progression.

10. Find
(i) the sum of the first ten terms of the geometric progression 81, 54, 36, …..,
(ii) the sum of all the terms in the arithmetic progression 180, 175, 170, ……, 25.

11. The first term of a geometric progression is 81 and the fourth term is 24. Find
(i) the common ratio of the progression (ii) the sum to infinity of the progression.
The second and third terms of this geometric progression are the first and fourth terms respectively
of an arithmetic progression.
(iii) Find the sum of the first ten terms of the arithmetic progression.

12. (a) Find the sum of all the integers between 100 and 400 that are divisible by 7.
(b) The first three terms in a geometric progression are 144, x and 64 respectively, where x is
positive. Find
(i) the value of x, (ii) the sum to infinity of the progression.

13. (a) In a geometric progression, the sum to infinity is equal to eight times the first term. Find the
common ratio.
(b) In an arithmetic progression, the fifth term is 197 and the sum of the first ten terms is 2040.
Find the common difference.

14. Find the sum to infinity of the geometric progression whose first term is 6 and whose second term is 4.

15. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 8 and the common difference is d, where d ≠ 0. The first
term, the fifth term and the eighth term of this arithmetic progression are the first term, the second
term and the third term, respectively, of a geometric progression whose common ratio is r.
3
(i) Write down two equations connecting d and r. Hence show that r = and find the value of d.
4
(ii) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric progression.
(iii) Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the arithmetic progression.

16. The first and second terms of a progression are 4 and 8 respectively. Find the sum of the first 10
terms given that the progression is
(i) an arithmetic progression, (ii) a geometric progression.

Page 10
17. (a) The first and second terms of an arithmetic progression are 161 and 154 respectively. The sum
of the first m terms is zero. Find the value of m.
(b) A geometric progression, in which all the terms are positive, has common ratio r. The sum of
the first n terms is less than 90% of the sum to infinity. Show that rn > 0.1.

18. The 1st term of an arithmetic progression is a and the common difference is d, where d ≠ 0.
(i) Write down expressions, in terms of a and d, for the 5th term and the 15th term.
The 1st term, the 5th term and the 15th term of the arithmetic progression are the first three terms of
a geometric progression.
(ii) Show that 3a = 8d. (iii) Find the common ratio of the geometric progression.

19. (a) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric progression with first three terms 0.5, 0.53 and 0.55.
(b) The first two terms in an arithmetic progression are 5 and 9. The last term in the progression
is the only term which is greater than 200. Find the sum of all the terms in the progression.

20. (a) The fifth term of an arithmetic progression is 18 and the sum of the first 5 terms is 75. Find
the first term and the common difference.
27
(b) The first term of a geometric progression is 16 and the fourth term is . Find the sum to
4
infinity of the progression.

21. The second and third terms of a geometric progression are 48 and 32 respectively. Find the sum to
infinity of the progression.

22. (a) The first and last terms of an arithmetic progression are 12 and 48 respectively. The sum of
the first four terms is 57. Find the number of terms in the progression.
(b) The third term of a geometric progression is four times the first term. The sum of the first six
terms is k times the first term. Find the possible values of k.
23. (a) In a geometric progression, all the terms are positive, the second term is 24 and the fourth
1
term is 13 . Find
2
(i) the first term, (ii) the sum to infinity of the progression.

24. (a) In an arithmetic progression the sum of the first ten terms is 400 and the sum of the next ten
terms is 1000. Find the common difference and the first term.
(b) A geometric progression has first term a, common ratio r and sum to infinity 6. A second
geometric progression has first term 2a, common ratio r 2 and sum to infinity 7. Find the
values of a and r.

25. An arithmetic progression has first term a and common difference d.

(i) Write down expressions, in terms of a and d, for the second and sixth terms of the progression.
(ii) The first, second and sixth terms of this arithmetic progression are also the first three terms
of geometric progression. Prove that d = 3a.
(iii) Given that a = 2, find the sum of the first 15 terms of each progression.

Page 11
26. A geometric progression has 6 terms. The first term is 192 and the common ratio is 1.5. An arithmetic
progression has 21 terms and common difference 1.5. Given that the sum of all the terms in the
geometric progression is equal to the sum of all the terms in the arithmetic progression, find the first
term and the last term of the arithmetic progression.

Page 12
Exercise 12F
1. Carol starts a new job on a salary of £20,000. She is given an annual wage rise of £500 at the end of
every year until she reaches her maximum salary of £25,000. Find the total amount she earns
(assuming no rises),
a in the first 10 years and b over 15 years.

2. James decides to save some money during the six-week holiday. He saves 1p on the first day, 2p on
the second, 3p on the third and so on. How much will he have at the end of the holiday (42 days)? If
he carried on, how long would it be before he has saved £100?

3. A polygon has 10 sides. The lengths of the sides, starting with the smallest, form an arithmetic series.
The perimeter of the polygon is 675 cm and the length of the longest side is twice that of the shortest
side. Find the first term and the common difference for this series.

4. Prospectors are drilling for oil. The cost of drilling to a depth of 50 m is £500. To drill a further 50
m costs £640 and, hence, the total cost of drilling to a depth of 100 m is £1140. Each subsequent
extra depth of 50 m costs £140 more to drill than the previous 50 m.
(a) Show that the cost of drilling to a depth of 500 m is £11300.
(b) The total sum of money available for drilling is £76 000. Find, to the nearest 50 m, the
greatest depth that can be drilled.

5. Each year a company gives a grant to a charity. The amount given each year increases by 5% of its
value in the preceding year. The grant in 2001 was $5000. Find
(i) the grant given in 2011
(ii) the total amount of money given to the charity during the years 2001 to 2011 inclusive.

6. A precious metal is extracted from a mine. In the first year of operation, 2000 kg of the metal was
extracted. In each succeeding year, the amount extracted was 90% of the previous year‟s amount.
Find
(i) the amount of metal extracted in the 10th year of operation
(ii) the total amount of metal extracted in the first 20 years of operation
(iii) the total amount of metal that would be extracted over a vary long period of time.

7. A television quiz show takes place every day. On day 1 the prize money is $1000. If this is not won
the prize money is increased for day 2. The prize money is increased in a similar way every day until
it is won. The television company considered the following two different models for increasing the
prize money.
Model 1 : Increase the prize money by $1000 each day.
Model 2 : Increase the prize money by 10% each day.
On each day that the prize money is not won the television company makes a donation to charity. The
amount donated is 5% of the value of the prize on that day. After 40 days the prize money has still not
been won. Calculate the total amount donated to charity
(i) if Model 1 is used, (ii) if Model 2 is used.

Page 13
8. A small trading company made a profit of $250000 in the year 2000. The company considered two
different plans, plan A and plan B, for increasing its profits. Under plan A, the annual profit would
increase each year by 5% of its value in the preceding year. Find, for plan A,
(i) the profit for the year 2008,
(ii) the total profit for the 10 years 2000 to 2009 inclusive.
Under plan B, the annual profit would increase each year by a constant amount $D.
(iii) Find the value of D for which the total profit for the 10 years 2000 to 2009 inclusive would be
the same for both plans.

9. A child lives 200 meters from school. He walks 60 meters in the first minute, and in each subsequent
minute he walks 75% of the distance he walked in the previous minute. Show that he takes between
6 and 7 minutes to get to school.

10. Charles borrows $6000 for a new car. Compound interest is charged on the loan at a rate of 2% per
month. Charles has to pay off the loan with 24 equal monthly payments. Calculate the value of each
monthly payment.

11. A small company producing children‟s toys plans an increase in output. The number of toys
produced is to be increased by 8 each week until the weekly number produced reaches 1000. In
week 1, the number to be produced is 280. In week 2, the number is 288 etc. Show that the weekly
number produced will be 1000 in week 91. From week 91 onwards, the number produced each week
is to remain at 1000. Find the total number of toys to be produced over the first 104 weeks of the
plan.

12. In 1971 a newly-built flat was sold with a 999-year lease. The terms of the sale included a requirement
to pay „ground rent‟ yearly. The ground rent was set at £28 per year for the first 21 years of the lease,
increasing by £14 to £42 per year for the next 21 years, and then increasing again by £14 at the end
of each subsequent period of 21 years.
(a) Find how many complete 21-year periods there would be if the lease ran for the full 999 years,
and how many years there would be left over.
(b) Find the total amount of ground rent that would be paid in all of the complete 21-year periods
of the lease.

13. A woman started a business with a workforce of 50 people. Every two weeks the number of people in
the work force increased by 3 people. How many people were there in the workforce after 26 weeks?
Each number of the workforce earned $600 per week. What was the total wage bill for this 26 weeks?

14. A person wants to borrow $100000 to buy a house. He intends to pay back a fixed sum of $C at the
end of each year, so that after 25 years he has completely paid off the debt. Assuming a steady interest
rate of 4% per year, calculate the value of C.

15. (i) The population of Pythagora is decreasing steadily at a rate of 4% each year. The population
at 1998 was 21000. Estimate the population in 1990 and in 2002.
(ii) A man of mass 90 kg plans to diet and to reduce his mass to 72 kg in four weeks by a constant
percentage reduction each day.

Page 14
 (a) What should his mass be 1 week after starting his diet?
(b) He forgets to stop after 4 weeks. Estimate his mass 1 week later.

16. (a) A „Supa-Ball‟ is dropped from a height of 1 meter onto a level table. It always rises to a height
equal to 0.9 of the height from which it was dropped. How far does it travel in total until it
stops bouncing?
(b) A frog sits at one end of a table which is 2 m long. In its first jump the frog goes a distance
of 1 m along the table, with its second jump 0.5 m, with its third jump 0.25 m and so on.
(i) What if the frog‟s final position?
(ii) After how many jumps will the frog be within 1 cm of the far end of the table?

17. A teacher received a salary of £12800 in his first full year of teaching. He models his future salary
by assuming it to increase by a constant amount of £950 each year up to a maximum of £20400.
(a) How much will he earn in his fifth year of teaching?
(b) In which year does he first receive the maximum salary?
(c) Determine expressions for the total amount he will have received by the end of his n th year
of teaching. Staring clearly for which values of n each is valid.
His twin sister chose accountancy as her profession. She started her career in the same year as he
did. Her first year‟s salary was £13500, and she can expect her salary to increase at a constant rate of
5% each year.
(d) Select an appropriate mathematical model and use this to determine her annual salary in her
n th year as an accountant.
(e) Show that she earns less than he in their 4th year of working.
(f) Which is the first year after that in which he earns less than she?

18. In a variation of the potato race, tennis balls were placed at 10 metres, 20 metres, 30 metres, 40 metres
and 50 metres from the start. Each competitor had to run from the start, collect a tennis ball from 10 m
and carry it back to the start, then run to collect a ball from 20m and return with it and so on until all
5 balls were back at the start. How far did each competitor run ?

19. The population of a certain town increases by 12% each year. If the town had 60000 residents on
1st January 2000,
(i) How many people would the town have on 1st January 2006?
(ii) In what year would the population first exceed 200000?

20. Mugsey bought a car for $8 000. The car depreciated by 15% of its value each year. What is the car
worth (to the nearest $1) after 5 years?

21. Pat and Herb each invest $8000 for 5 years at 6% compound interest. Pat‟s fund compounds interest
annually and Herb‟s fund compounds monthly. How much more than Pat‟s investment is Herb‟s
investment worth after 5 years?

22. Olivia paid $1600 into a superannuation fund at the beginning of each year. The fund pays interest at
the rate of 8% per annum, compounded annually. What would Olivia‟s superannuation be worth (to
the nearest $1) immediately after she made her 40th deposit?
Page 15
23. A college agrees a sponsorship deal in which grants will be received each year for sports equipment.
This grant will be $4000 in 2012 and will increase by 5% each year. Calculate
(a) the value of the grant in 2022,
(b) the total amount the college will receive in the years 2012 to 2022 inclusive.

24. A circle is divided into 6 sectors in such a way that the angles of the sectors are in arithmetic
progression. The angle of the largest sector is 4 times the angle of the smallest sector. Given that the
radius of the circle is 5 cm, find the perimeter of the smallest sector.

25. A debt of $3726 is repaid by weekly payments which are in arithmetic progression. The first payment
is $60 and the debt is fully repaid after 48 weeks. Find the third payment.

26. An athlete runs the first mile of a marathon in 5 minutes. His speed reduces in such a way that each
mile takes 12 seconds longer than the preceding mile.

(a) Given that the n th mile takes 9 minutes, find the value of n.
(b) Assuming that the length of the marathon is 26 miles, find the total time, in hours and
minutes, to complete the marathon.

27. A circle is divided into n sectors in such a way that the angles of the sectors are in arithmetic
progression. The smallest two angles are 3 and 5. Find the value of n.

Page 16
Exercise 2C 25. (a) 26
(b) 1075
1. (a) 122
26. (a) 3.5, –0.5
(b) 498
(b) {39, 28, 17}, {–9, – 4, 1}
2. a = 6, d = –2 (c) 13

27. (a) 9
3. d= , –5.5
(b) d = – 4, a = 85
4. (a) 5 (c) 940
(b) 7 28. (a) 5
5. 542.5 (b) 6
(c) 59
6. (a) a = 25, d = 3
(d) 21
(b) –3810
29. (a) 3, 2.5
7. (a) 5, 8, 11
(b) 125.5
(b) 1025
30. (a) 5, 4
8. 1683, 3267
(b) 12
9. 15200
31. (a)
10. (a) 26733
(b) 53467 (b) 20 ≤ n ≤ 61

11. 8

15. 542.5 Exercise 2D

25. (a) 2 1. (a) 6144
(b) 372
(b)
2. (a)
17.
(b) 162
18. 31
3. (i)
19. (i) a = 10, d = 1.5
(ii) 25 (ii) 8

20. a = 73, d = 22, = 2105 4. (i) a = 27, r =

21. 21 (ii) 81

5. (a)
22. (b)

(c) 1.5, 415 (c)

24. (a) 5 + (p – 1)4 > 100

Page 17
6. (a) 16. (a) 4,

(b) (b) 1.5, 1.5

(c) (c) 8

17. (a) 10, 2

7. (a) (b) 3
(c) 5
(c) 3
(d) 7324218
8. x = –5, r = 0.5
a = – 4, 18. (a) 7
(b) 4
9. (a) x = 12, –8, r = 3, 0.5 (c) 3
(b) –32 (d) 1062880

10. (a) 10
19. (a) 4,
(b)
(b) 1.5
11. (a) –14, 4 (c) 819
(b) {192, –72, 27}
{12, 18, 27} 20. (a) 6
(b) 2
(c) (c) 786426

12. (a) 2, 21. (a)

(b) 0.4, 0.1 (b) q < –1

(d) 0.033
(c)

13. (a) 5,

(b) 3 Exercise 2E
(c) 118096
1. (i) 117
14. (a) 4, –1 (ii) 128
(b) 1835008
2. (i) 750
(ii) 40.5
15. (a) 5,
3. (a) 29
(b) 
(b) r= ,s=5
(c) 60.75

Page 18
4. (a) 10  45 sin2x 16. (i) 220
(ii) 4092
(b) i <
17. (a) 47
(b) ii 1.125
18. (i)
5. (a) a = 9, d = 2
(b) 27
(iii) 2.5
6. (a) a = 10, d = 4
(b) 15 19. (a)

7. (a) 729 (b) 5150

(b) 36
20. (a) a = 12,
8. (a) 3
(b) 57 (b) 64
(c) 570
21. 216
9. (a) 12
22. (a) 25
(b) 81
(b) 63 and 21
10. (i) 239
23. (a) 32
(ii) 3280
(b) 128

11. (i) 24. (a) d = 6, a = 13

(ii) 243 (b) ,

(iii) 270
25. (i)
12. (a) 10838
(b) i 96
(b) ii 432 (iii) 660, 715827882

26. a = 175, l = 205

13. (i)

(ii) 14
Exercise 2F
14. 18
1. (i) £222500

15. (i) (ii) £347500

(ii) 32 2. £9.03, 141 days

(iii) 50 3. (a) 5
(b) 45

Page 19
4. (b) 1500 m 18. 300 m

5. (i) $8144 19. (i) 118429

(ii) $71034 (ii) 2010

6. (i) 775 kg 20. $3550

(ii) 17600 kg
21. $85.00
(iii) 20000 kg
22. $414490
7. (i) 41000
(ii) 22100 23. (a) $8144
(b) $56827
8. (a) 369000
(b) 3140000 24. 12.1
(c) 14300
25. $61.50
10. $317.23
26. (a) 21
11. 71240 (b) 3 Hr 15 Min

12. (a) 47, 12 years left over 27. 18

(b) £ 345450

13. 89, $ 1060800

14. $6401

15. (i) 29110.48, 17536.28

(ii) a 85,1 kg
(ii) b 68.1 kg

16. (a) 19 m
(b) i Edge of the table
(b) ii 8

17. (a) £16600

(b) Year 9
(c) f(475n2 + 12325n)
for 0  n  9.
£(20400 n  34200)
for n > 9
(d) £ 13500  1.05 n1
(e) Year 10

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