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  • Acid Base Comparison

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    Emily
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    Metabolic acidosis is caused by an accumulation of excess acids or bicarbonate loss not related to respiratory issues. Symptoms include confusion and hyperkalemia. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, providing oxygen/fluids, and regulating electrolytes with dialysis if needed. Respiratory acidosis results from problems increasing carbonic acid due to issues with ventilation/gas exchange. Symptoms include visual disturbances and headaches. Treatment includes positioning, oxygen, bronchodilators, and mechanical ventilation if needed. Metabolic alkalosis occurs from bicarbonate excess or acid loss, causing hypokalemia. Symptoms include paresthesia and seizures. Treatment stops bicarbonate ingestion/administration and replaces

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    Metabolic acidosis is caused by an accumulation of excess acids or bicarbonate loss not related to respiratory issues. Symptoms include confusion and hyperkalemia. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, providing oxygen/fluids, and regulating electrolytes with dialysis if needed. Respiratory acidosis results from problems increasing carbonic acid due to issues with ventilation/gas exchange. Symptoms include visual disturbances and headaches. Treatment includes positioning, oxygen, bronchodilators, and mechanical ventilation if needed. Metabolic alkalosis occurs from bicarbonate excess or acid loss, causing hypokalemia. Symptoms include paresthesia and seizures. Treatment stops bicarbonate ingestion/administration and replaces

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    15 views1 page

    Acid Base Comparison

    Uploaded by

    Emily
    Metabolic acidosis is caused by an accumulation of excess acids or bicarbonate loss not related to respiratory issues. Symptoms include confusion and hyperkalemia. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, providing oxygen/fluids, and regulating electrolytes with dialysis if needed. Respiratory acidosis results from problems increasing carbonic acid due to issues with ventilation/gas exchange. Symptoms include visual disturbances and headaches. Treatment includes positioning, oxygen, bronchodilators, and mechanical ventilation if needed. Metabolic alkalosis occurs from bicarbonate excess or acid loss, causing hypokalemia. Symptoms include paresthesia and seizures. Treatment stops bicarbonate ingestion/administration and replaces

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    Acid Base Comparison

    Metabolic Acidosis Respiratory Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Alkalosis


    • Accumulation of excess • A carbonic acid excess • Bicarbonate excess that • A carbonic acid deficit
    metabolic acids OR resulting from any occurs from an increase in resulting from any
    What it is

    bicarbonate loss g not situation that i the rate of bicarb (orally or IV) OR situation that increases
    respiratory or carbonic acid pulmonary ventilation or excess acid loss the pulmonary ventilation
    related alveoli gas exchange or alveoli gas exchange
    i pH and i HCO3 i pH and h CO2 h pH and h HCO3 h pH and i CO2
    • Salicylate intoxication • Weakness of the resp. • Ingestion of large amounts • FAP:
    (aspirin) muscles (shallow of bicarb or other antacids - Fever
    • Hypoxiag shockg sepsisg breathing) (tums) - Anxiety
    resulting in buildup of lactic • Severe resp. depression • Excess admin of bicarb - Pain
    acid (brain injuries or sedation) • Loss of hydrochloric acid
    Causes

    • DKA • Obstruction to the resp. from stomachg vomiting


    • Renal failure passage (COPD, asthma) or NGT suctioning
    • Loss of bicarbonate via • Blocked alveoli gas • Diuretic therapy
    stool exchange (COPD,
    pulmonary edema)
    • Call Her Daddy: • Visual disturbances *The signs and symptoms for metabolic and respiratory
    - Confusion • Headaches alkalosis are the same*
    - Hyperkalemia • Restlessness/agitation • Hypokalemia: all body systems i except UO and HR
    - Dysrhythmias • Confusion, drowsiness, - Also have the 3 Ts: tingling, twitching, tetany
    coma d/t vasodilation • Anxiety or irritability
    S/S

    • Hyperkalemia s/s: all body • Dizziness (hypotension)


    system fxns h except for • Mental confusion
    UO and HR • Paresthesia
    • Seizures
    • Treat the underlying cause • Positioning – elevate HOB • Stop the ingestion of • Treat the underlying cause
    • Oxygen, fluids and • Oxygen bicarbonate to reduce CO2 loss
    electrolyte monitoring • Meds – bronchodilators • Stop administration of • Fever – acetaminophen
    • Dialysisg can regulate K+ • Incentive spirometer bicarbonate • Anxiety – antianxiety med,
    and is used with renal • Mechanical ventilation • Give an antiemetic for brown paper bag
    Interventions

    patients • Ambulation vomiting • Pain – opioids, but be


    • Antidiarrheal meds • PPI or H2 antagonist to careful not to throw them
    (Imodium) stop the creation of acid in the other direction due
    • Diureticsg loop or • Stop the loop or thiazide to sedation
    thiazide, not a potassium diuretic
    sparing one! Patient must • Fluid and electrolyte
    be able to handle fluid loss replacement
    (not for shock patients)

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