AKLAN STATE UNIVESITY

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

BANGA, AKLAN

ACTIVITIES
IN

ETHICS

NAME: PRECYLYN GAY Z. VILLA

COURSE: ETHICS

PROGRAM / YEAR: BSBA FM 2 – 2

DATE SUBMITTED:

RALPH QUENO N. NIVERCA

(Instructor)
Activity 1. Conscience, Law and Obedience (Unit V)

Direction. Discuss/Define the following terms based on your understanding. Write 3-5 sentences
only.
 1. What is Natural Law?
Natural law is something that exists naturally and serves as the foundation for all
human behavior. Natural law can be comprehended by everyone using human reason. For
example The Ten Commandments.

2. Explain the arguments of the following individuals contrary to Natural Law:

a. Sigmund Freud

The id, ego, and superego are components of personality, according to Sigmund
Freud's argument against natural law. In general, according to Freud, groups only
prevent what people actually want to do, and he emphasized the significance of the
unconscious mind. He also thought that sexual and aggressive instincts are what most
attract people.

b. Karl Marx

According to Karl Marx, the liberal conception of justice and rights is based on
the assumption that each of us has to be protected from others who are a threat. He talked
on the circumstances that promote an individual's freedom and equality. He’s argument
for natural law pertains for being free as a person.

c. Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin believed that there are gaps between species in nature that natural
selection cannot close on its own. He explains how a species' genetic background could
change throughout time. Therefore, it has been argued that Darwin's theory basically
generates this particular consilience argument and that his technique is better suited to be
connected with Whewell's.

3. Define conscience.

Conscience refers to how a person views their actions and character in perspective
of a sense of moral obligation. For example, you might have felt pity for an elderly
woman on the street and given her something to eat.

4. What is the importance of Law and why we should obey it?

The purpose of law is to prevent us from acting in a way that could harm each and
every one of us. Moreover, in a democracy, everyone is bound by the same laws. In order
to live peacefully and to build a better society, we should obey the law.
 Activity 2. Moral Norms, Work Ethics and Social Justice (Unit VI)

Direction. Discuss/Define the following terms based on your understanding. Write 3-5 sentences
only.

1. How do you define Sin?

I believe that sin is an action you take, whether it be against the law or against the Holy
Spirit. Furthermore, the intentional devastation of another person's life without making
reparations. For example, killing someone is prohibited by both the law and God.

2. Imagine you are an employee in a company, create 5 work ethics that you want to
practice in your workplace.

The first of the five work ethics I want to maintain if I ever work for a company is
integrity. This is so because people with integrity are committed to always acting morally. The
second benefit of being fair is that it will make your workplace a pleasant place to work. Thirdly,
having a disciplined workforce is crucial because they ensure that all tasks and projects are
completed and delivered on schedule. In addition to earning the respect of others around us,
being responsible enables us to live substantially less chaotic, stressful lives. Finally, be honest.
Being honest employee is the one you can rely on to continue doing their best in their jobs for
the company’s benefits.

3. As a human, what is your duty to others?

Each of us has a choice of obligations and responsibilities to fulfill. As a person, it is my

duty to inform others of the importance of treating one another with respect. It is morally
required of us to serve our parents, teachers, brothers, sisters, and other family members.
Additionally, it is everyone's moral responsibility to help the poor and those in need.

4. Among crimes against life, select one and discuss it. Be guided by the following
questions:

a. Is it moral or immoral? Provide basis and evidences.

b. What is your own view about the issue?

B. As a Christian, it is expected that I should see euthanasia as morally unjustifiable. For life
is given by God and human beings are made in the image of God. Every creature is valuable and
only He has the right to take life. But then our philosophical and personal views change over
time and also through modernization we were able to open our minds to new ideas of
practicality. At the present, I believe euthanasia is justifiable and should be accepted. Especially
when death is already anticipated due to incurable and debilitating illness. This applies to every
physician-assisted scenario and in circumstances where mercy killing is voluntary and
permissible by the sick-suffering person himself, or by his family. It is heart-wrenching to think
of it, but it is a way to save a loved one or a person from prolonging his agony, pain, or suffering.
What's important is the purpose and not the moral thought of it. Euthanasia is the only humane,
rational and compassionate choice.

Activity 3. Feminism (Women Studies), Peace Education and Indigenous Studies (Unit VII)

1. Research a problem or issue that concerns women. What do you think should be done in
order to combat such?

One problem or issue that affects women is that when we, as girls, wear revealing
clothing, we want to be disrespected, harassed and held accountable if anything untoward
occurs. And as a result of that circumstance, a mental health issue will surface, and if that
does, the victim will likely experience depression and consider suicide. The youth of
today has to open their eyes and stop bullying ladies who try to put on makeup. We dress as
women to look well for ourselves, not to empress others and attract attention.
 Activity 4. Frameworks and Principles Behind our Moral Disposition Frameworks (Unit
VIII)

1. Select 1 Moral Philosophy. Write a 500-word essay about it.

Immanuel Kant Moral Philosophy

According to Kant, the fundamental goal of moral philosophy and the Groundwork is to
"seek out" the underlying tenet of a "metaphysics of morals," which Kant defines as a set of
moral precepts that apply the same to all human beings throughout all eras and civilizations. He
is well aware that in order for civilization to function, students must use their professors and
themselves as learning tools. He proposes the notion of respect as being fundamental to
humanity at this point, distinguishing it from emotions like love, pity, or charity. Like love,
respect is non-discriminatory. One deserves respect since one is human. Through the first two
chapters of the Groundwork, Kant pursues this goal. He continues by digging into and clarifying
basic moral concepts, such as "obligation" and "good will," before moving on. The "good life,"
often known as a life worth living or a life that is simply gratifying, is a key component of ethics
and is often seen by philosophers as being more significant than conventional moral laws.
Immanuel Kant, a well-known philosopher, supported the existence of God as a precondition for
ethics. According to Kant, it would be intolerable if happiness were not the reward for virtue.
Kant asserted that the soul must be eternal because it is evident that good deeds frequently go
unrecognized in this life. Kant referred to God's existence and the soul's immortality as the
postulates of practical reason, which are the presumptions that, in his view, are necessary for
ethics and leading a moral life. What Should I Do? is the central question in Kant's moral theory,
and it is posed in the first person. We require an explanation of the nature and scope of the
specific moral obligations that apply to us, based on this principle, and Kant uses his findings
from the Groundwork to provide a classification of our fundamental moral obligations to
ourselves and others in The Metaphysics of Morals. Kant also believed that moral philosophy
should distinguish the nature of our fundamental moral obligations to ourselves and others.
Furthermore, moral philosophy should discuss the relationship between the Highest Good the
goal of human endeavor and the moral life. Kant claimed in the Critique of Practical Reason that
the highest good for humans is total moral perfection along with total enjoyment, with the former
being a prerequisite for our receiving the latter. Unfortunately, goodness does not guarantee
happiness and may even be inimical to it, as Kant pointed out. Kant repeatedly discusses this
issue in his moral writings, asking what approach moral philosophy should use to achieve these
goals. The fundamental philosophical problems of morality must be addressed a priori, that is,
without drawing on observations of people and their behavior. A human will that follows the
Moral Law is driven by the sense of obligation. Even though it is good, a holy or divine will, if it
exists, would not be good because it is driven by notions of duty because it lacks natural
impulses and must always uphold moral standards without feeling compelled to.
Activity 5. Conclusion: Ethics through thick and thin, Ethics and Religion (Unit IX)

1. What is religion?
The belief that God, or some other creator, discloses truths about life and what it
really means to live is the foundation of much religion. Faith, which refers to taking all
that has been taught as divine revelation, is always associated with religion. Rather, these
values are supported because they encourage the development of independent,
responsible, and self-aware individual people who can make choices that optimize their
own well-being while also respecting the well-being of others.

2. What do you think is the role of religion in ethics?

My understanding of the importance of religion in ethics goes far further than the
typical notion of arguing right and wrong. Ethics deals with concepts like Right, Good,
and Duties. Due to the fact that religion plays a crucial role in determining who we are
and that doing without religion would make it practically impossible for us to make moral
decisions. For example, the majority of individuals concur that crimes like murder and
adultery are always bad, no matter the circumstances.

3. What are the challenges faced by ethics brought by globalization?

As time went on, one of the major issues with globalization was the blending of
existing cultures and their morals and values. The business community has made the most
active push toward globalization due to the crucial requirements for an expanding market
and low cost labor and commodities. However, a lot of the pro-globalization argument
has remained defensive, especially in the corporate sector. Globalization shows a
significant increase in ethical conflict in these terms. Organizations import foreign
conceptions of the real and the good as they branch out into other countries. However, the
general approach toward the moral implications of globalization's expansion continues to
be one of calm caution.