Group No=8

Presentor:
Muhammad Umair
Roll No BS ZE 17-31
Evolution of Horse:
➢Horses are one of the oldest forms of mamals.

➢In the early evolution period , they did not look at all
they look like today

➢Evolution of horse occurred over a geologic time scale of

55 million years
Ehohippus :
➢ Eohippus also called dawn horse, extinct group of mammals

that were the first known horses.

➢ They flourished in North America and Europe during the early

part of the Eocene Epoch (56 million to 33.9 million years ago).

➢ Name given by the American paleontologist Othniel Charles

Marsh
➢ About the size of a fox, or a medium size dog.

➢ Nicknamed “Dawn Horse”

➢ Looked like dear in skin

➢ Had 5 toes on frontal feet, and 3 on hind feet.

➢ Toes ended in strong thick horny type nail and their tips.

➢ Teeth were similar to a pig short and crowned for eating plants
Mesohippus:
➢ Mesohippus, genus of extinct early and middle
Oligocene horses(the Oligocene Epoch occurred from 33.9 to
23 million years ago)
➢ fossils found in the rocks of the Badlands region of South
Dakota U.S.
➢ Mesohippus was the first of the three-toed horses and,
although only the size of a modern collie dog, was very
horselike in appearance.
➢ its teeth were unsuited to the grazing adopted by later, more
advanced horses.
➢ Larger neck, snout and legs compare to eohippus.

➢ common in the late Oligocene (28.4 to 23 million years ago).

 Presentor:

Muhammad Abdul Waheed

Roll no BS ZE 17-27
Miohippus:
➢ Originated in North America during the Late Eocene Epoch
(37.2–33.9 million years ago).

➢ Miohippus evolved from the earlier genus Mesohippus.

➢ The number of toes in Miohippus was reduced to three, which

enabled it to run considerably faster than its five-toed ancestors.
➢ Incisor teeth form
➢ Ankle joint change
 Merychippus
➢ found as fossils in deposits from the Middle and
Late Miocene Epoch (16.4 to 5.3 million years ago).
➢ Looked very similar today horses
➢ Still had three toes, outside toe become weaker
➢ Longer neck for grazing
➢ Developed defenses
➢ Developed a better sense of smell
➢ Toes started turning into hooves
➢ Teeth developed into the teeth today we know.
Pilohippus:
➢ Pliohippus, the earliest one-toed horse, evolved
from Merychippus
➢ The teeth of Pliohippus are taller and more complexly folded
than those of earlier horses.
➢ Strong legs legaments to increase speed and power
➢ Resembled a pony in many factors
Equus:
➢ This is the horse we know today. They are modern horses.
➢ Equus is the only surviving genus in the once diverse family
of horses.
➢ Domesticated about 3,000 years ago, the horse had a
profound impact on human history in areas such as
migration, farming, warfare, sport, communication and
travel.
➢ Species of Equus lived from 5 million years ago until the
present. Living species include horses, asses, and zebras.
Fossils of Equus are found on every continent except
Australia and Antarctica.