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regions
Zoogeography
• Branch of biology concerned with the distribution of
all the animals, invertebrates and vertebrates, the
terrestrial and aquatic, over the whole world.
2. Nearctic region
3. Neotropical region
4. Ethiopian region
5. Oriental region
6. Australian region
Palearctic region
• Includes northern part of Old World. Extends over whole of Europe, China, Japan, North
Sahara, Siberia, Mediterranean Sea zone of North Africa and Manchuria, south-west Asia,
North of Himalayas and the north of Arabia.
• Bounded by sea to the west, east and north and by Sahara and Himalayas to the south.
• Climate is chiefly temperate with an arctic fringe.
• Includes both wet and dry open Steppe land, large areas of coniferous forests and a fringe of
tundra; deciduous forest; wide variation of temperature and great fluctuation in rainfall.
• Fauna exhibits variations in the climatic and vegetational subdivisions. It is richest in warmer
areas and diminishes northward.
• This region possesses a total of 135 families of terrestrial vertebrates (33 families of
mammals, 68 birds, 24 reptiles, 10 amphibian , 13 freshwater fishes.)
• Subdivided into –
European sub region
Mediterranean sub region
Siberian sub region
Manchurian sub region
Moose
Red panda
Llama
European salamander
Chinese alligator
Red fox
Rhacophorus sp.
Giant panda
Nearctic region
• Includes North America above tropics, Greenland, Iceland and Mexican
plateau.
• Except for a narrow strip of Central America it is completely cut off from all
other regions by sea.
• Resembles Palearctic region in climatic conditions.
• Exhibits extreme variations in temperature and varied climatic conditions.
• Has extensive mountain ranges in the west running from north to south.
• North is the arctic belt of Greenland, followed by coniferous belts,
deciduous or mixed forests, extensive grasslands and arid zones.
• The region is much less rich in fauna than other regions, mainly transitional
representing a mixture of fauna of Palearctic and Neotropical regions.
• This region possesses a total of 120 families of vertebrates (26 families of
mammals, 4 birds, 21 reptiles, 14 amphibian , 24 fishes.)
• Subdivided into-
• Californian sub region
• Rocky Mountain sub region
• Alleghany sub region
• Canadian sub region
Pocket mouse
Pocket gopher
Turkey
Pronghorn
Kangaroo rat
Garpike
Shrew
Bowfin
Axolotl
Musk turtle
American salamander
Red deer
Beaver
Neotropical region
• Includes South America, Central America, tropical lowland of South
Mexico and West Indies.
• Presents tropical conditions except southern part of South America
which constitutes south temperate zones.
• Extensive rain forests or evergreen forests are found in Amazon valley,
tracts of dry forests or grassy plains in Savannah and Argentina, and
sub-desert areas are present in western South America.
• West has long range of Andes which has high mountains.
• Fauna is both distinctive and varied.
• Rich in endemic families of all classes.
• The region has 155 families of terrestrial vertebrates, out of which 33
are endemic.
• Subdivided into –
• Chilean sub region
• Brazilian sub region
• Mexican sub region
• Antillean sub region
Armadillo
Tapir
Anteater
Sloth
Agouti
Rhea
Tree porcupine
Toucan
Curassows Cock-of-the-rock
Ethiopian region
• Includes Africa south of Sahara, Madagascar and South Arabia.
• Has land continuity with its northern neighbor (Palearctic) but the
Sahara desert acts as an effective barrier between the two. Remaining
sides are surrounded by sea.
• Africa is a tropical country. It has large blocks of lofty evergreen
forests in the equatorial region, mountainous region and wide grassy
plains in the eastern part. Southern part is warm temperate with mixed
vegetation.
• Vertebrate fauna is rich and well marked with a number of endemic
genera and families present because of extensive equatorial forests
and swamps as well as grasslands.
• There are 161 families of terrestrial vertebrates in this region.
• Subdivided into-
• East African sub region
• West African sub region
• South African sub region
• Malagasy sub region
Slender loris Hippopotamus
Baboon
Gorilla
Typhlops sp.
Black bear
Ostrich
African elephant
African lungfish
Gibbons Colugo
Peacock
Shield tail
One horned rhinoceros
Spiny dormouse
Indian elephant
Tree
shrew
Tarsier
Australian region
• Includes Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Tasmania,
Moluccas and neighboring islands.
• Region is partly tropical and partly temperate.
• New Guinea is tropical and mostly covered with rain forests.
• Northern part of Australia is tropical but most of the interior is arid.
• Tasmania is cool and temperate.
• Fauna is unique and primitive.
• Most peculiar feature is the absence of higher placental mammals
and the region contains many primitive forms, marsupials and
monotremes are found only in this region.
• Subdivided into-
• Austro-malayan sub region
• Australian sub region
• Polynesian sub region
• New Zealand
Marsupial mouse Marsupial mole
Kangaroo
Australian lungfish
Tiger snake
Skink
Duck billed platypus
Cockatoo
Loris
Pygmy parrot
Emu
Cassowary
Honey sucker
Lyre bird
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