Actors in Public Administration Governance: Operation of 3 Key Actors Governance: Goes beyond the Government Creating a favorable political, srry State: legal & economic environment { Scare { “Civil Society Morket 9 Market: Civil Soci: io ~ om ~ Creating opportunities for Mobilizing peoples” people participationWhat is Governance-2 Governance means the process of decision-making and the proc decisions are implemented or not implemented It brings in SMART Governance where each word stands for one Gi governance S-Simple M-Moral A-Accountable R-Responsive and T-Transparent governance t Governance refers to the ‘governability’ of a polity or the capacity of tl system to govern efficiently and to provide the necessary political conditions economic development \ Governance signifies a change in the meaning of government, referring fé process of governance or a changed condition of ordered rule, or a method society is governed Since 2014 every year on December 25th, the nation remembers formet Atal Bihari Vajpayee's birth anniversary as Good Governance Day which as Sushasan Divas in Hindi.Definition of Governance-f United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)defined Governane “ The exercise of economic, political, and administrative manage country's affairs at all levels. It comprises of processes and institutions through which citizens and groupsya their interest, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligati mediate their differences”. This definition indicates that governance has Two Major Components 1) A country and its citizens - Governance is how a political enti organizes and administers its functions through exercising power’ various agencies. i 2) Governance includes procedures, actions and entities available to cit in order to enable them to conduct numerous operations suc communicating their concerns, exercising their rights and responsibil ties and arbitrating their disputes.Definition of Governance- World bank suggested the following prerequisites Governance 1)Public sector management requires Civil Service Re involvement of private sector 2) A Legal Framework for development to ensure the Market 3)Establishment of Accountability through various institutions 4)Ensuring Transparency and Access to Information f Other prerequisites can be Rule of law, which means that the citizens are legally ne from the arbitrary or malpractices and actions of public autho Quick and appropriately Responsive Service to the people Implementation of Policies and Laws is of consideraba import ‘or achieving Good GovernanceDEFINITION OF GOVERNANCE Global Development Research Center (GDRC) 2004 Defines Governance as “The science of Decision Making”.The concept of governance refers to the complex set of values, norms, processes and institutions by which society manages its development and resolves conflict formally and informally. It involves not only the state, but also the civil society at the local, regional, national and global levels. &MEANING OF GOVERNANCE The concept of governance is not new.The word Governance came from the Latin word Gubernare or more originally from the Greek word"Kubernaein” which means'“to steer"(to guide) In ancient times the Greek philosopher Plato also used the term Governance. Even in kautilya's Arthasastra, we find the concept of Good Governance.The foundation of Good Governance is Dharma (righteousness) In Arthasastrathe king is expected to behave in a most righteous manner and the main purpose of the king is to protect Dharma. It says in the happiness of his subject lies his happiness ,in their welfare his welfare, whatever pleases him(personally) he shall not consider as good, but whatever makes his subjects happy, he shall consider good.Types of Governance + International Governance > National Governance + Local Governance > Effective Governance >IT Governance > Regulatory Governance > Participatory Governance > Contract Governance > Multi-level Governance + Collaborative Governance > Good Governance Hom boOezoenHA:s AB 9H oat anteTypes of Governance > International Governance > National Governance > Local Governance > Effective Governance >IT Governance » Regulatory Governance > Participatory Governance » Contract Governance > Multi-level Governance » > Collaborative Governance > Good GovernanceDifference between Government and Governance op ; j A drone DIUM cf 1-——™ y ~Definition International institute of | Administrative. differentiates between government and goverr “Government” is a institution that consist of a set of sub-instituf namely “the Constitution, Legislature, Executive and Jud further define “Governance”, International institute of admi science identifies a number of components of which the co comprised, “the degree of legitimacy , representativeness, 'p accountability and efficiency with which public affairs are conducte This suggest that there are four elements by means of “governance” may be assessed : The presence of mechanisms that legitimize a system’s structl Processes and actors and the extent to which the system’s instit and their actions are representative and accountable to the ublicDefinition According to R. N. Prasad, “The term Governance\f meaning than that of the term government. Gov refers to the machinery and institutional arrangelmt exercising the sovereign power of serving the inte external interest of the political community Governance means the process, as well as the re making authoritative decisions for the benefit of, society. Governance is the process of decision makin implementation and so, the focus of it is on formal\as\ as informal actors involved in decisions impleme Government is one of the actors of governance. bDefinition exercising the sovereign power of serving the inte’ external interest of the political community Governance means the process, as well as the r making authoritative decisions for the benefit society. Governance is the process of decision making implementation and so, the focus of it is on formal)as' as informal actors involved in decisions impleme Government is one of the actors of governance. beer ea eee a c(t _gements Ries t tac x Pesce eae Peart} and external interest of the PRC RE met La Govesnance means the process, a5 er esc sa Ty authoritative decisions for the Teo ad PCE ts a hed is the process of decision Pertti implementation and #0, ee eck kg Pe ee ee Bl Petite er yg Government is Pee a ee Re tsee Sey. Doon icra:Difference between Governance and Government: alynn has defined Government as the regi administrative rules and procedures, Judicial rut constrain or enable an administrative system in thel] of public goods and services whereas Governance is from Government in the sense that in governance, non-governmental actors, the members of civil organisation and the private sector also play a key goes beyond government institutions. 2)Government is the state machinery and institutional § for exercising state power, whereas Governance transend§) state to influence the demands of various civil soé organisations to reach the goals of administration. )Government is a formal apparatus whereas gover he outcome of the experienced citizens on the redeiyDifference between Gavernance and Governmi of public goods and services whereas Governance is from Government in the sense that in governance, é non-governmental actors, the members of civil organisation and the private sector also play a key goes beyond government institutions. Al 2)Government is the state machinery and institutional state to influence the demands of various civil so organisations to reach the goals of administration. — )Government is a formal apparatus whereas go he outcome of the experienced citizens on the reeDifference between Governance and Goverhmi 4) Administration means structures bureaucracy, rules and regulat demands 5)Government is the most powerful institution and constitutes to implementation of public policy seems to be increasingly undertaken by Voluntary organisations and therefore they are becoming an important el governance. | 6)Governance takes the lead in adjusting to meet the aspirations and der the present context which the government alone is unable to achieve it. 7)In simple words one can differentiate between governance and governmée Governance is what the government does. )Governance gives importance to citizen centric administration rat! ased administration which has always been the main focus of governDifference between Governance and Goverhme 7 9)The scope of governance is wider than government government is one of the actors’ in governance \ 10)Governance includes the capacity of the government formulate and implement policies which are development ai committed to provide quality service to the people. It also capacity of the government and bureaucrats to cope up wit challenges of the society. \Difference between Governance and Goverhment 9)The scope of governance is wider than government government is one of the actors’ in governance 10)Governance includes the capacity of the government formulate and implement policies which are development 0 committed to provide quality service to the people. It also fe capacity of the government and bureaucrats to cope up witl challenges of the society.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND Coe pose hoey goods and services whereas Governance is different from Government in the sense that in Ce a pe Pcie ty geoectrcetitat and the private sector also play a key role ,It goes beyond government institutions. ee RCo pues eu tT Meb OMtecietne pC esea od Sree ouasniester os sist uit acon aie e acre eect ig Pierce Bop ll tes eee sine iil Dl ee Eo en eee Rue ceed cd experienced citizens on the receiving end.pose penta (opp she ey secs OOF Se ep oon ae he SOvR FM yoy SYNOPSIS > Introduction > Definition >» Differences between Government and Governance > ConclusionPath Cel Be we A Ce ay / -INTRODUCT!DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT Ne Ce eC ep cst ysTItt petit i Drees a aT)DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT INTRODUCTION ‘The term Government is Anglo American political theory zefers to formal institutions of the DCU ete nat oder ee eee BE con ee CCS Oc etn ta kerr tt eb on a eee ety undorstood to rofer to the formal and institutional processes, which operate at the level of the De eee Ren Coretta tric ae recta ‘Theoretical work of Governance reflects the interest of the social science community ina shifting pattern in styles of governability. The traditional use of governance defines it as De eT tt at eee eter Ree’ Deore eit ie ta est TOR ttt oa a ee ed SL. SES ee oc mt te oc eet nee entre Cee rd to god is ed petePOM COEF UP ceo ey Pip useyixeny Coys Peo merrier i a ‘Theoretical work of Governance 2 ee ert Deed government. yet in the work of governance there isa Sete signitios a chango in the meaning of government, referring to an For ound f Deo) it is rather a matter of aDIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT Dnt ene pre oan eh Cet elficient form of administration. Governance takes the lead in adjusting according to the requirements of the peste Cee e noteaning.of gdVéftiance and go penn QM Differences between Government and Governance pemerata tern ~epOCmeena.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT Sa esa peel cic pated > Implementation pont ere TCR Bure ateccld ea boas: Ceres sad eae cy bee Cm td pecans rar tonyDIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT Pxorp ete ccc Sec try Pane e ntact ey > Expenditure Ortented pa ten bccn rg erect} eco GOVERNANCE Pepto pee Et LID) Pare Penta ry als Cee re Ld Bap ce Petr pcre eey > Instant Accessrs " ce a Se DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT Earn} ny > More emphasis for routine and repetitive work > Public sector was the only actor to implement poe kd > Quantity Oriented Eger a sue e in a ae a tee BO aed hort ees Ren ened other actors with Public Sector to implement Dev - ro > Quality Oriented Pee ects gee Chr tiny iSTl DT GOVERNMENT pect ted PS enencony el co ery pS rey prot eT MC Tac ie SD rere cemetee eens Dessert) perce rnc pron d > Participatory Approach bees SEB rsConcept of Good Governan Governance gives importance to citizen cantered rather than rule based administrative system: It invof} distribution of different assets among all sections of the fit Governance helps in reducing the gap between govern citizens and therefore helps in building the confide! government Governance takes the lead in adjusting to meet the requit the peoples new aspiration’s and demands in the present ¢ national growth Governance is the capacity of the government to design, for and implement policies which are development orien’ committed to improve the quality of life of the citizens. | __ It refers to a complex set of institutions and actors that are not only from government, but also from different institutions , \ Peoples participation is given adequate space in the Governance Governance fs about autonomous self governing networks 6v v v Concept of Good Governance Governance means the most efficient form of administrati Governance implies people friendly administrative system Governance focuses on results, service quality and Public $atisfaction Market oriented economy is the focal point of Governance’ It has the ability to deliver goods to various stakeholders by/n the various agents of political system work for the betterment people It refers to adoption of new values of governance to establish efficiency, legitimacy and credibility of the system It refers to the capacity of political and administrative oy 7 cope up with emerging challenges of the society Governance should be participatory, transparent and acco!ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF GOV b Consensus oriented Accountable Participatory Transparent Follows the . rule of law Responsive Effective & Equitable & Efficient InclusiveCHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNAI EQUITY AND INCLUSIVENESS \ Good Governance secures dignity and honour for all human being: of caste, creed, sex religion, race etc .The principle states that’ excluded from the process of development and all the sections \ should be treated equally without discrimination EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY Utmost utilization of 3 - Men, Money and Material to achieve ‘th administration within stipulated period of time, and efficiency me: economically with i highest amount of output the resources are used to Bi resources) RULE OF LAW All. citizens should be treated equally with the principle that every a country , even the ruler, must follow the law. Good Governan he Legal framework should be fair, impartial, protect human right ocial justice.CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERN ACCOUNTABILITY \ \ Accountability implies the key of good governance. It is an willingness to take responsibility or to account for ones action . G' both legislators and executives are answerable for their actions, pe the use of public resources. \ TRANSPARENCY Transparency is another major attribution of GG. Free flow of infor separation of powers , checks and balances between legislative, exectit judicial branches are the important functions of transparency. \Sei governmental affairs leads to corruption, inefficiency and weal governance as a whole b | ministration should respond towards the needs and aspiration of the pi quired to bring in changes within and outside the administration act e convenience of the citizens {CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNA PARTICIPATION Participation means that the people should be vested with the pot in decision making by participating in all the organs of the govet legislature, executive and judiciary. Governance provides adequate only for peoples participation in decision making process, imp evaluation and feedback but also the opportunity for people who are aff particular decision to influence the process of decision making) d indirectly CONSENSES ORIENTED \ In a society not all the individuals are bound to have same interest. The ail is to mediate difference of interest of the society to reach a broad consensus rrive at a solution which is in the best interest of the society as a whole.v OTHERS: Further to the above they also im| Accessible Administration Reduces Corruption Improves Citizen- Government interface Empowered people Improves quality of service Market friendly and competitive economy Bring in 4D’s in Administration Decentralisation Democratisation & DE bureaucratisation DelegationImportance / significance of Governanc Arecommended shift in general emphasis from policy to, me with administrators becoming fully cost conscious in evel take and before making decisions \ > Clusters rather than pyramids as the preferred model for the administrative systems(for example, autonomous agencies! with major ministries as partners in various governmental praje » A shift from process - oriented administration towards anYe oriented administration » An emphasis on cost - cutting rather than spending + The purpose of ownership is seen as efficient management Possession ~ Need to have Bureaucratic accountability not on administration but also towards citizen of the country. Emphasis on a sound administrative system leading to effic’ effectiveness. This in turn means value for money effectivenessImportance / significance of Governal Improves service standards Flexible administration Improves co-ordination both vertical and horizontal Competitive governance Enhances online transaction Leads to better decision making process Incorporate citizen-centric administration It emphasises in bringing 6E’S in Administration Efficiency ® Economy Effectiveness Ethics Equity Electronic GovernanceImportance / significance of Governa' » Enhances four way communication \ Government to Government (G2G) \ Government to Citizen (G2C) \ Government to Employee (G2E) Government to Business (G2B)Good Governance Initiatives in Inc e-Governance - < Reforming Govemment through Technology Tues ProgrammesGood Governance Initiatives The following initiatives were taken in India to promote gi initiatives in the country \ participation of people in the governance process 2.Creation of Rights protection organisations, bodies such as \the Commission for Women 1992, National Commission for Minorit National Human Rights Commission 1993 etc. has been set up 3.The Government of India made it mandatory for every organisation and display the Citizen’s Charters in 1996 to facilitate people to exercise tl 4.A Computerised Public Grievances Redressal and Monitoring Syst et installed in 2001 . The 89 Constitutional Amendment 2003,bifurcated the combi ational Commission for SCs and STs into two separate bodies The Central Vigilance Commission was accorded a statutory 103 committee on Civil Service Reforms was set up in 2004'to ole gamut of civil service reformsGood Governance Initiatives 8. The Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Ai was instituted in 2005 9. Laws were enacted giving certain rights to people like the of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005,the scheduled Ti other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Right: and so on b 10. The Right to Information 2006 was brought into force 11. Nation E-Governance Plan 2006 was adopted with 33Missi Projects ministration preparatory work to make response to disasters more effective 13. In 2005,the Second Administrative Reforms Commission constituted to prepare detailed blur print for revamping th dministration System. It was asked measures to achieve a esponsive, accountable, sustainable, and efficient administ he country at all levels of governmentPromoting Good Governance PC fe Pott eM re ro shesPromoting Good Governance Pra’ Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG)pri out the activities of Documentation, incubation and dissemi sharing of experience with each other and replication else activities dealt with the division are given below 1.Financial assistance to States and Union Territories for pr’ Documentation and Dissemination of GG practices 2.Series of presentation on Best Practices 3.Regional Conference Reforms for Citizen Centric Governance .Publication of Books - Production of Documentary films on best practices .Publication of Management in Government - A quarterly Journa Publication of Civil Services News - A Monthly Newsletter onference of Secretaries of all States and Union TerritariesPromoting Good Governance Praé The Documentation and Dissemination Division of the Dé Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG)pril out the activities of Documentation, incubation and dissemin practices of Centre, State/Union Territory government with sharing of experience with each other and replication else activities dealt with the division are given below 1.Financial assistance to States and Union Territories for be 1 Documentation and Dissemination of GG practices 2.Series of presentation on Best Practices 3.Regional Conference Reforms for Citizen Centric Governance | .Publication of Books . Production of Documentary films on best practices Publication of Management in Government - A quarterly Journa Publication of Civil Services News - AMonthly Newsletter ‘onference of Secretaries of all States and Union TerritoriesBarriers / Hindrances Lack of awareness Absence of Transparency Absence of Accountability Lack of vibrant civil society organisation Failure to check corruption B Lack of strong institution of Governance Lack of Financial support Lack of Efficiency and Effectiveness in Administration Lack of E-Preparedness Technological Problem Lack of Holistic approach Digital divide Lack of ethics among administrators Resistance to changeSuggestions to strengthen Govefmance Perf ~ mais adershyision «Governance Role Strength Support Responsibilities Outcomes Development _Partnershi Governance Training nw eife Ps MDutiesSuggestions to Strengthen Good Gove 1.Clarity of roles and responsibilities \ 2.Transparency and Accountability should go handiir 3.Strengthen Grievance Redressal Mechanism 4.Bring Awareness among the people 5.Strengthen People's Participation Mechanism 6.Clarity on Administrative Goals 7.Need for Flexible administration 8.Collaborative Approach should be encouraged g.Focus on ends rather than means I 0. Governability aspects should be strengthenedB “You must be the change you wish to see in the world...” - ‘| Mahatma Gandhi