Paper J

15 paper table napkins

16 paper napkins
12 table napkins
12 paper napkins

3 pieces of large size paper towel

3 paper towels

2 sheets of paper

Paper Packaging

Paper straw

Paper bag
Paper bag

2 rolls of toilet paper

1 roll of toilet paper
1 roll of toilet paper
1 roll of toilet paper

Flyer

Paper ticket

Cardboard

Milk Carton (1l)

1 Milk carton 1l
1 milk carton

Pineapple juice carton 1L

Pineapple juice carton 1L
Pineapple juice carton 1l
Orange juice carton 1L

Strawberry juice carton 1l

Eggnog carton (355 mL)

Egg carton
2 egg cartons

Paper towel cardboard tube

Paper towel cardboard tube

Cardboard box of clinex

Cardboard box of cookies
1 Cardboard box of nuggets
A cardboard box

Plastic
Plastic soda bottle1L
Plastic soda bottle1L
Plastic soda bottle 1L

Plastic soda bottle 2L

1 plastic bottle of mineral water 500 ml

Plastic bag
Medium size plastic bag
3 Medium-sized plastic bags

12 cotton buds
10 Cotton buds
12 cotton buds
8 cotton buds
5 cotton buds
9 cotton buds
Starbucks cup (medium)
Medium sized Starbucks plastic cup

3 Plastic bread containers 16 oz

Sushi plastic container 28 oz.

One plastic chicken tray

3 Plastic beef trays

3 Chips Wrappers 66 g
4 Bags of chips 66 g
3 bar wrappers
1 wrapper of snack

1 plastic bottle of shampoo 370 ml

2 plastic shampoo bottles 370 ml
2 shampoo bottles

Metal
1 can of coconut drink 355
Soda can 355 ml
1 soda can 355 ml
2 soda cans 355 ml

2 soda cans150
Soda can 150 ml

Food waste
Chicken scraps
raw chicken scraps
Raw beef scraps
1 eggshell
1 Fruit peels
4 cotton make-up remover wipes
1 Food residues
1 Eggshell
1 Orange peel
4 cotton make-up remover wipes
1 Coriander waste
1 Onion peel waste
1 Pineapple peel waste
4 cotton make-up remover towels
1 Avocado peel waste
1 Eggshell waste
1 Chicken peel
1 Raw beef scraps
1 banana peels
1 vegetable waste
1 27One sachet of expired coffee paper
1Eggshell
four 32 envelopes of sugar paper
33Raw beef scraps
5 make-up remover towels
39 Raw chicken scraps
40 Banana peel
41 Raw chicken scraps
42 Eggshell
45 3 crackers
50 5 make-up remover towels
52v2 banana peels
53mushroom waste
54Bell pepper waste
55Eggshell
56Raw chicken scraps
5 cotton make-up remover towels
5 cotton make-up remover towels
57Banana peels
58Raw chicken scraps
Eggshell

Wood
Wooden sushi chopsticks
 Other
2 sponges
Waste Type Waste End-of-Life Amount/Volume Estimated Yearly
Composition Stream (for one week) Amount/Volume
Category: Paper
Table paper napkin (used) Recycled paper Compost 55 2860*
Paper towel (used) 60% Recycled/ 40% Compost 6 312
virgin paper
Sheet of paper Recycled paper Recycling 2 104*

Toilet paper Virgin paper Landfill 5 260

Flyer Virgin paper Recycling 1 52
Paper ticket Thermal paper (BPA) Recycling 1 52

Paper straw Recycled paper Compost 1 52*

Paper bag Recycled paper Recycling 2 104*

Wax-coated paper Triple-waxed tissue Landfill 1 52
paper and virgin
paper
Total 74 3848

Waste Type Waste Composition End-of-Life Amount/Volume (for Estimated Yearly

Stream one week) Amount/Volume
Category: Cardboard
Carton milk 80% Recycled paperboard with Recycling 3 x 1L cartons 156*
20% polyethylene.
Juice box 74% Recycled board with 22% Recycling 5 x 1L cartons 260
polyethylene and 4%
aluminium.
Eggnog box 80% Recycled paperboard with Recycling 1 x 355 ml 52*
20% polyethylene.
Egg carton Recycled PETE#1 cardboard Recycling 1 52
and pulp
Carboard Recycled cardboard Recycling 1 52
tube
Kleenex box 100% paperboard, 35% post- Recycling 1 52
consumer content
Cookies box 75 % cardboard and 25% Recycling 1 52
plastic foil.
Standard box Recycled box Recycling 1 52*
Nuggets box Recycled box Recycling 1 52*
Total 15 780

Waste Type Waste Composition End-of-Life Amount/Volume Estimated Yearly

Stream (for one week) Amount/Volume
Category: Plastic
Soda bottle Polyethylene Recycling 3 x 1L bottles 208
terephthalate (PET) 1 x 2L bottle
plastic 25% recycled
and 75 % virgin PET
Water bottle 100% PET plastic Recycling 1 x 500 ml 52
Bag Virgin high-density Landfill 5 260
polyethylene (HDPE).
Cotton buds Cotton and 100% Landfill 56 2912
polypropylene
(PP)plastic.
Starbucks cup Polyethylene Recycling 2 104*
terephthalate (PET)
plastic.
Container Polyethylene Recycling 4 208*
terephthalate (PET)
plastic.
 Tray Compact foam Landfill 4 208
polystyrene
Wrappers Polypropylene Landfill 11 572
plastic, aluminum,
and recycled paper
Shampoo Bottle 75% Recycled plastic Recycling 5 x 370 ml bottles 260
and virgin 25%
Polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)
Dish sponges Polyurethane Landfill 2 104
Total 94 4888

Waste Type Waste Composition End-of-Life Amount/Volume Estimated Yearly

Stream (for one week) Amount/Volume
Category: Metal
Soda can 42% Recycled and 56% Recycling 5 x 355 ml cans 416
virgin aluminium 3 x 150 cans

Total 8 416

Waste Type Waste End-of-Life Amount/Volume (for Estimated Yearly

Composition Stream one week) Amount/Volume
Category: Wood
Chopsticks 5% Recycled wood Compost 1 (Pair) 52
and 90% melamine
Total 1 52
Waste Type Waste Composition End-of-Life Amount/Volume Estimated Yearly
Stream (for one week) Amount/Volume
Category: Food Waste
Various Compost Scraps from 27 1404
food items (1
kitchen compost
bag full)
Cotton facial cleansing 100% organic Landfill 32 1664
pads cotton
Total 59 3068
Recycling must be separated by containers, papers and fibres, and corrugated cardboard.
Containers include: Tin Cans, Aluminum Cans and Foil, Water/Pop/Juice bottles etc. (PET),
Plastic Jugs (HDPE), Plastic tubs and lids (PP), Styrofoam packaging (PS), Empty Aerosol and
Paint Cans, and Metal Cookware. Each category includes further instruction. For example,
aluminum cans must be rinsed and must not be placed inside tin cans.
Papers and fibres include: Newspaper, Office Paper & Envelopes, Gable Top (Milk & Juice
Cartons or Boxes) & Tetra Paks, Boxboard (cereal, cracker boxes), Phone Books, Magazines, Film
Plastic (grocery bags), and Glass Bottles and Jars (place on top; “Sorting Your Blue Boxes for
Recycling”, 2020).

This municipality also has a green bin program to collect food scraps and food soiled papers. A
list of unacceptable items is included, such as restroom tissues, latex gloves, pet waste or litter,
sanitary products, painted or treated wood, medicine, diapers, cork, burlap, grease, and yard
waste (“Green Bin Program”, 2022).

The City of Vaughan provides blue, green, and garbage collection services.
The blue box is the recycling garbage can where items such as plastic bottles, jugs, containers,
milk juice cartons, and beverage cartons; steel or aluminium food and beverage cans; aluminium
plates and foil; empty paint and aerosol cans, but the lids need to be removed; unbroken glass
bottles and jars; household paper and paper products such as books or magazines; cardboard;
broken and crushed packaging; and corrugated cardboard are to be deposited.
For organic items, there is the green garbage can where all food and food scraps, food-soiled
paper products such as tissues, napkins, paper towels, plates, and cut flowers and houseplants are
collected ("How to properly dispose of your waste," 2021).
Items that go in the garbage can are face masks, wipes, gloves, coffee cups, coffee pods, take-out
beverage cups, all Styrofoam (Styrofoam peanuts, containers, and cups), meat trays, black plastic
take-out food containers, baby food bags, juice pouches, plastic bags, sandwich bags, food
wrappers, snack bags (potato chip bags), disposable plastic cutlery, and straws ("garbage, waste,"
n.d.).

¿Cómo clasifica sus residuos? Por ejemplo, ¿encontró algún material reciclable mezclado con la
basura o basura mezclada con reciclables? ¿O productos orgánicos en la basura? ¿Basura en los
orgánicos?

He vivido en Canada por un año y he llevado a la practica los conocimientos que adquiri de
como separar la basura propiamente. Al principio me era difícil recordar que artículos no eran
reciclables y esto se debe a que tuve una experiencia diferente cuando vivía en Mexico, el cual
es mi pias de origen, porque no hay servicio especial para cada tipo de basura. Aunque en mi
casa se separara la basura por reciclado en el que se incluía plástico, cartón y papel y landill en
la que incluía el desperdicio de comida, el camion recolector de basura mezclaba toda la basura
y se depositaba en un deposito general. Considero que este análisis me ayudo a tener claridad
de porque es importante la clasificación de los desechos y como repercute a nivel ambiental,
económico y social.

Antes de tener el conocimiento de como separar cada artículo propiamente, mucha basura
como (las envolturas de papas), juices pouches se ponían en el blue bin. En el caso de las
toallitas desmaquillantes, pad para desmaquillar se ponían en el orgánico y en lugar de poner el
cristal en blue bin se echaba directamente en la basura.

El artículo que no he podido determinar de como o donde ir a depositarlo son las parte de
autos pesadas u objetos muy pesados como muebles de madera o artículos muy pesados muy
pesados como una podadora.
¿Cuántos de sus residuos son evitables y cuántos no?

Primero, los residuos que se podrían evitar son artículos hechos de plástico, metal, cartón o
cristal como botellas o contenedores ya que se pueden reemplazar por artículos que sean
reusables como un termo para café; otro artículo que se puede evitar aquellos que se puedan
cambiar por opciones 100% biodegradable que pueda ser incluida en la composta como
adquirir cotonetes y pads para desmaquillar orgánicos.
Los residuos que no se pueden evitar son como el papel para baño, servilletas y los desechos
de comida. No se pueden evitar ya que son productos esenciales, sin embargo, se puede optar
por evitar desperdiciar los productos y aprovechar lo que más que se pueda cada producto.

First, items that could be avoided as waste are those made of plastic, metal, cardboard, or glass,
such as bottles or containers, because they can be replaced by items that are reusable, such as a
coffee thermos.
Other items that can be avoided are those that can be replaced by 100% biodegradable options
that can be included in the compost, such as cotton balls and pads.
Toilet paper, napkins, and food waste cannot be avoided because they are essential products;
however, you can choose ecological options such as supervising materials and seals that certify
their processes. 

¿Cuántos de sus residuos podrían desviarse del vertedero hacia otros destinos, como el
como el reciclaje, el compostaje, la reparación, la reconversión o la reutilización?

Los artículos que pueden tener otro destino son los contenedores de plástico, se podrían
reutilizar o donar a algún lugar especial de reciclaje de plástico. La mayoría de los residuos
que se generaron que terminaran en el vertedero no tienen otra opción como las envolturas
de los snacks o articulos de uso personal (papel o servilletas).

The items that could have another destination are the plastic containers; they could be reused or
donated to a special plastic recycling facility. Most of the waste generated that will end up in the
landfill has no other option, such as snack wrappers or personal use items (paper or napkins).

c. Basándose en su análisis, ¿qué va a cambiar en su consumo para reducir sus

residuos?

Por toda la información que recopile pude tener conocimiento y un panorama más amplio de
las consecuencias que se generan con cada artículo, es por eso porque mi consumo será más
prudente. Elegiré productos biodegradables de uso personal (cotonetes, papel de baño,
toallas sanitarias, pads de limpieza de cara, etc) porque la mayoría de estos artículos no se
pueden reciclar. Seré más cautelosa en mi consumo de materiales, evitare el uso del plástico
y optare por el uso de contenedores de lata ya que según el artículo de Lauren Murphy (2020)
el plástico, es uno de los materiales más dañinos para el medio ambiente y el proceso de
creación del material es muy abrasivo ya que usan elementos que no son renovables
(petróleo y gas natural), además de que hay una sobreproducción de este. Por otro lado, las
latas de aluminio son hechas de materiales 100% reciclables y tiene mayor facilidad de
reciclaje. Este tipo de acciones pueden hacer la diferencia en la contaminación y otras
personas se van a ser influenciadas con estos habitos como mi familia.

Through all the information I gathered, I was able to gain knowledge and a broader picture of the
consequences generated by each item; that's why my consumption will be more prudent. I will
choose biodegradable products for personal use (cotton buds, toilet paper, sanitary pads, face
cleaning pads, etc.) because most of these items cannot be recycled. I will be more cautious in
my consumption of materials; I will avoid the use of plastic and opt for the use of can containers
because, according to Lauren Murphy's article (2020), plastic is one of the most harmful
materials for the environment, and the process of creating the material is very abrasive because
they use elements that are not renewable (oil and natural gas), plus there is an overproduction of
it. On the other hand, aluminium cans are made of 100% recyclable materials and are more easily
recycled. These types of actions can make a difference in pollution, and other people will be

Section 3
El artículo en el que me quiero enfocar es en la bolsa de plástico (Virgin high – density
polyethylene HDPE). Las bolsas de plástico es uno de los artículos más usados debido a que es
fácil de adquirir y es versátil. Sin embargo, provocan gran parte de la contaminación del
ambiente desde su creación ya que consumen grandes cantidades de energía, son hechas de
materiales no renovables (petróleo), tardan muchos años para degradarse y se pueden ir
incrementando las razones por las cuales las bolsas plásticas atentan contra el bienestar de las
personas, ambiente, fauna, etc. Para poder interrumpir y amortiguar el daño causado se puede
hacer uso de plástico para la creación de bolsas con productos organicos tradicionales como
papa, caña de azúcar, alga e incluso de desechos organicos. Actualmente se han desarrollado
bioplásticos como (Biodegradble plastic y polylactic), los cuales son biodegradables y durante
su creación causan un menor impacto ambiental. Según Benavides et al. (2020) through using
renewable resources, cutting greenhouse gas emissions, and implementing different fossil-
based raw materials, biodegradable plastics can help the environment. Con la implementacion
gradual de estos materiales biodegradables mejorarían y cambarian las practicas de desecho,
desppositando las bolsas en la composta. Como segunda solución se le debería de dar mas
exposición a campañas como la que tiene la ONU “Mare limpios” en esta invita a diferentes
países para colaborar con esta gran labor y que intervengan en sus países contra el uso
irresponsable de bolsa de plástico y de otros artículos de plástico. Según UNO environment
program, authorities have taken a number of actions and are important stakeholders in the
plastic value chain. Governments should encourage innovation to ensure that the plastics we
need are made and introduced to the market in a way that enables reusing them, must make
sure that plastic continues to be used in the economy for as long as possible and can start by
banning things made of plastic that we don't need, for instance. Con la implementacion de
nuevas tecnologias y compromise social se pueden crear una nueva forma de crear y consumir
bolsas y otros artículos de plástico.

The article I want to focus on is the plastic bag (virgin high-density polyethylene, or HDPE). Plastic
bags are one of the most widely used items because they are easy to acquire and versatile.
However, they have caused much of the environmental pollution because they consume large
amounts of energy, are made of non-renewable materials (petroleum), take many years to degrade,
and can increase the reasons why plastic bags threaten the welfare of people, the environment, etc.
To interrupt and mitigate the damage caused, plastic bags can be made from traditional organic
products such as potatoes, sugar cane, seaweed, etc. Currently, bioplastics have been developed
(biodegradable plastic and polylactic), which are biodegradable and cause less environmental
impact during their creation. According to Benavides et al. (2020), by using renewable resources,
cutting greenhouse gas emissions, and implementing different fossil-based raw materials,
biodegradable plastics can help the environment. The gradual implementation of these
biodegradable materials would improve and change waste disposal practices by allowing bags to be
disposed of in the compost. As a second solution, more exposure should be given to campaigns
such as the UN "Clean Oceans" campaign, which invites different countries to collaborate with this
great work and to intervene in their countries against the irresponsible use of plastic bags and other
plastic items. According to the UN Environment Program (2022), authorities have taken several
actions and are important stakeholders in the plastic value chain. Governments should encourage
innovation to ensure that the plastics we need are made and introduced to the market in a way that
enables reusing them, and they can start by banning things made of plastic that are not needed.
With the implementation of new technologies and social engagement, we can create a new way of
creating and consuming plastic bags and other plastic items.

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Coca-Cola Canada. (2019). Are Coca-Cola bottles and cans recyclable? FAQ.

https://www.coca-cola.ca/faqs/coca-cola-faqs-enviroment/are-coca-cola-bottles-and-

cans-recyclable.
 Benavides, P. T., Lee, U., & Zare-Mehrjerdi, O. (2020). Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions

and energy use of polylactic acid, bio-derived polyethylene, and fossil-derived

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plastic-bag-pollution/?sh=709f2db84c8a.

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cpage=294602

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Pages/.

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https://www.vaughan.ca/news/Pages/How-to-properly-dispose-of-your-waste.aspx.

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Bags and Their Alternatives. IOPScience.

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Earth911. https://earth911.com/living-well-being/recycled-beverage-containers/.
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https://organyc.net/products/beauty/organic-cotton-facial-cleansing-wipes/.

Our planet is choking on plastic. (2022). UN Environment Programme.

https://www.unep.org/interactives/beat-plastic-pollution/?

gclid=Cj0KCQiAxbefBhDfARIsAL4XLRoOxUZW81Qx5gOC4hkK2dHa3lUNVSJfJT2

yZYjCcuyTArgKVE48DWwaAmUJEALw_wcB.

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material-specific-data#:~:text=The%20plastic%20food%20service%20items,used%20in

%20other%20nondurable%20goods.

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https://www.americanchemistry.com/chemistry-in-america/chemistries/polyurethane

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Reiser, A. (2021). The Problems With Landfills (And What You Can Do About It).

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what-you-can-do-about-it/

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