Dietary Supplements for

Weight Loss – Evidence Based support

James B. LaValle R.Ph., CCN.,DHM, M.T. N.D.(trad)

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 Copyright © 2015 James B. LaValle, Metabolic Code Enterprises (MCE), Inc. All 
rights reserved. No part of this material may be used or reproduced in any manner 
whatsoever, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any 
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without 
prior permission of the author.

 This material is provided for educational and informational purposes only to 
licensed health care professionals. This information is obtained from sources 
believed to be reliable, but its accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Herbs and other 
natural substances are very powerful and can occasionally cause dangerous allergic 
reactions in a small percentage of the population. Licensed health care 
professionals should rely on sound professional judgment when recommending 
herbs and natural medicines to specific individuals. Individual use of herbs and 
natural medicines should be supervised by an appropriate health care professional. 
The use of any specific product should always be in accordance with the 
manufacturer's directions.
 TARGETED SUPPLEMENT APPROACH
TO WEIGHT LOSS

• Dopamine and serotonin support

• Improving thermogenesis and lipolysis (fat burning)
• Glucose regulation
• Cortisol/Stress management
• Thyroid support
• Sex hormone support
• Misc. Metabolic Management – detoxification, gut
support, sleep improvement, inflammatory control,
improved lipid profile
Dopamine and Serotonin support
 Theacrine 1,3,7,9 tetramethyluric acid

 Purine alkaloid similar to caffeine in structure

 Found in Chinese Kucha tea (Camellia assamica var. Kucha) –
relative of green tea
 Also found in South American Cupuacu (Theobroma grandiflorum)
 No caffeine-related side effects
 Theacrine

 Reported to improve dopamine levels

 Modulates other neurotransmitters

 Decreases ROS and Inflammatory Cytokines

centrally

Zheng et al. Phytochemistry. 2002;60:129-134.

 Theacrine

 Binds to Adenosine receptors – decreased

adenosine levels

 Improves Focus and Concentration

 Does not habituate in doses up to 300mg/day

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2014, 11(Suppl 1):P49

 Mucuna

 From the seed of Mucuna pruriens

– Velvet Bean

 Contains high amount of L-DOPA

 Improves dopamine pool

 Helps improve the reward cascade

 Helps improve satiety

- Shukla KK, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK, et al. Mucuna pruriens improves male fertility by its action on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Fertil
Steril. 2009;92(6):1934-40.
- Katzenschlager R, Evans A, Manson A, et al. Mucuna pruriens in parkinson’s disease: a double-blind clinical and pharmacological study. J Neurol
Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(12):1672-7.
 L-Tyrosine

 Non-essential amino acid

 Precursor for catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine)

 Combines with iodine and forms thyroxine (T4)

 Helps improve thermogenesis

 Helps support dopamine pools

Lehnert H, et al. Neurochemical and behavioral consequences of acute, uncontrollable stress: effects of dietary
tyrosine. Brain Res. Jun1984;303(2):215-23.
 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)

 Amino acid precursor for serotonin

 Manufactured from L-tryptophan

 Supports serotonin pools

Birdsall, T. C. 1998. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective

serotonin precursor. Alternative Medicine Review 3: 271-280.
 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)

 Reported to reduce carbohydrate cravings and improve weight loss

 Helps with mood stabilization

 50-100mg tid

Cangiano C, et al 1991. Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions
in obese adult subjects. Adv Exp Biol Med 294 ("Kynurenine and Serotonin Pathways"): 591-593.
 Evodia (Evodia rutaecarpa) fruit

 Standardized to 98% evodiamine

 Traditional medicine in Asian

cultures for blood sugar,
thermogenic/weight
control properties
 Evodia

Lab studies:

 Stimulates tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (THP2)

 Converts tryptophan to 5-HTP

 ↑ serotonin pools

Wang Y, et al. [Regulatory effects of Wuzhuyutang (Evodiae prescription) and its

consisting herbs on TPH2 promoter]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi.
2009;34(17):2261-4.
 Evodia

Lab studies:

 Anti-inflammatory – COX-2

 Helps improve insulin sensitivity

Ko HC, Wang YH, Liou KT, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Evodia rutaecarpa
and its bioactive components on neutrophils and microglial cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Jan 26;555(2-3):211-7. Epub
2006 Oct 17.
 Evodia

 ↑ Adaptive stress response

 Lipolytic

 Inhibits adipogenesis via the EGFR-PKC alpha-ERK

signaling pathway

 Binds to vanilloid receptor TRPV1 (capsaicin receptor)

Moon TC, et al. A new class of COX-2 inhibitor, rutaecarpine from Evodia rutaecarpa. Inflamm Res 1999; 48: 621-5.

Wang T, et al. Evodiamine inhibits adipogenesis via the EGFR-PKCalpha-ERK signaling pathway.
FEBS Lett. 2009 Nov 19;583(22):3655-9. Epub 2009 Oct 23.

Kobayashi Y, et al. Capsaicin-like anti-obese activities of evodiamine from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, a vanilloid receptor agonist. Planta Med. 2001 Oct;67(7):628-33.
 Evodia

 ↑ Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)

 Improves insulin sensitivity

 ↑Gastric motility

Moon TC, et al. A new class of COX-2 inhibitor, rutaecarpine from Evodia rutaecarpa. Inflamm Res 1999; 48: 621-5.

Wang T, et al. Evodiamine inhibits adipogenesis via the EGFR-PKCalpha-ERK signaling pathway. FEBS Lett. 2009 Nov 19;583(22):3655-9. Epub 2009 Oct 23.
Adaptive Stress
 Evodia

 Clinical study in 125 obese women

 Improved weight loss and BMI after evodia

and diet changes over placebo

Kim H, et al. Effect of Herbal Ephedra sinica and Evodia rutaecarpa on Body Composition and
Resting Metabolic Rate: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial in Korean Premenopausal
Women. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies. 2008;1(2):128-138.
 Crocus sativus extract

 Crocus = saffron

 Used in mood stabilization and depression

 Studied for depression in 8 human clinical

trials
- Hausenblas HA, et al. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of saffron (Crocus sativus L)
- Moshiri M, et al. Clinical applications of saffron (Crocus sativus) and its constituents: A Review. Drug Res (Stuttg.). 2015;65(6):287-95.

 Similar efficacy to SSRIs (Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors)

 2013 meta-analysis reports crocus supplementation can improve

symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)
 Hasusenblas HA, et al. Saffron (Crocus sativus L) and major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Integr Med. 2013;11(6):377-83.
 Crocus and Weight Loss

 2010 study (n=60) healthy, mild overweight women

 Dose of 176.5mg crocus BID or placebo

 Improve satiety

 Marked reduction of snacking vs. placebo

 Lab studies also report inhibition of α-amylase and

α-glucosidase

 Need further studies to validate use in weight loss

- Gout B, et al. Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract reduces snaking and increases satiety in a randomized
placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women. Nutr Res. 2010;30(5):305-13.
Thermogenic/Fat burning aids
Green Coffee Bean Extract

 High amounts of polyphenols including

chlorogenic acid

 Chlorogenic acid reported to have lipolytic activity

 Also reported to inhibit hepatic and renal glucose-

6-phosphatase activity in vitro

Thom E. The Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Enriched Coffee on Glucose Absorption in Healthy Volunteers
and Its Effect on Body Mass When Used Long-term in Overweight and Obese People. The Journal of
International Medical Research 2007;35(6):900-908.
 Green Coffee Bean Extract

 Laboratory animal studies report significant

improvement in insulin sensitivity in mice fed high
fat diet (HFD)

 400mg/day average human dose

 Decaffeinated products are available

- Flanagan J, et al. Lipolytic activity of Svetol, a decaffeinated green coffee bean extract. Phytother
Res. 2014;28(6):946-8.
- Henry-Vitrac C, et al. Contribution of chlorogenic acids to the inhibition of human hepatic glucose-
6-phosphatase activity in vitro by Svetol, a standardized decaffeinated green coffee extract. J Agric
Food Chem. 2010;58(7):4141-4.
 Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Leaf

 Standardized to 50% (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate

(EGCG)

 Antioxidant
 Up to 20 times more potent than vitamin E in

reduction of peroxides

 Reported to help improve:

 Immunity

 performance and endurance

 mental clarity

 Lipolysis - fat metabolism

 Lab studies report decreased muscle inflammation and improved recovery times in
exercise
Haramizu S, et al. Catechins suppress muscle inflammation and hasten performance recovery after exercise. Med Sci
Sports Exerc. 2013;45(9):1694-702
 Green Tea

 35 males dbl blnd placebo controlled

 Dose 640mg/day polyphenols
 4 wks supplementation with strength training
 Hydroxyperoxides at 4 wk in P group
 Creatine Kinase elevated in P group

Jaroslaw Sacharuk, Bozena Balasinska et al, Green Tea extract gives protection against exercise induced oxidative damage
in healthy men Nutrition Research Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 813-821, November 2011
 Green Tea

 Green Tea increases fatty acid oxidation during exercise

 Average oxidation rate 17% higher
 13% increase in insulin sensitivity
 Contribution of fatty acid expenditure on 30 minute cycle ride at 60%
max (12 Male)
 Improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance

Venables, Michelle, Hulston, Carl J, et al: Green tea extract ingestion , fat oxidation, and glucose tolerance in healthy
humans Am J Clin Nutr March 2008 vol.87 no.3 778-784
 Green Tea

 Helps promote weight loss

 Increases thermogenesis
 Fat tissue oxidation increased – PPAR driven
 Used in many weight loss supplements (caffeine and aspirin also
added many times for synergistic thermogenic properties).
Shixian Q, et al. Green tea extract thermogenesis-induced weight loss by epigallocatechin gallate inhibition of catechol-o-methyltransferase. J Med Food.
2006;9(4):451-8.

Boschmann M, Thielecke F. The effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on thermogenesis and fat oxidation in obese men: a pilot study. J Am Coll Nutr.
2007 Aug;26(4):389S-395S.
 Green Tea

 2010 Meta analysis (15 studies, n=1,243)

 Green tea had clinically significant reductions in anthropometric variables

 BMI (-.55)
 Body weight (-1.38 kg)
 Waist circumference (-1.93 cm)

Phung et al. Effect of green tea catechins with or without caffeine on anthropometric measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(1):73-81.
 Guarana (Paullinia cupana) seed

 Contains high amounts of caffeine

 Some theophylline and theobromine
 CNS stimulant
 Caffeine reported to be ergogenic
 Clinical Studies - Improves endurance and performance
Hodgson AB, et al. The metabolic and performance effects of caffeine compared to coffee during endurance exercise. PLoS One.
2013;8(4):e59561.

Desbrow B, Biddulph C, Devlin B, Grant GD, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, et al. (2012) The effects of different doses of caffeine on endurance
cycling time trial performance. Journal of sports sciences 30: 115–120.

Jenkins NT, et al. Ergogenic effects of low doses of caffeine on cycling performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008;18:328–342.
 Guarana - Caffeine

 2004 Meta analysis

 40 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies reviewed
 Effects of caffeine on exercise performance
 Caffeine improves exercise testing by 12.3%
 Endurance exercise significantly improved vs. placebo
 Decreased time to exhaustion
Doherty M, Smith PM. Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise testing: a meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004;14(6):626-
46.
 Guarana - Caffeine

 2010 Meta analysis

 15 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies reviewed (n=1,243)
 Effects of caffeine combined with green tea for weight loss
 Statistically significant reductions in BMI and waist circumference
over green tea alone
Phung OJ, Baker WL, Matthews LJ, et al. Effect of green tea catechins with or without caffeine on anthropometric measures: a systemic
review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(1):73-81.
 Guarana - Caffeine

 Follow caffeine contraindications when recommending

guarana
 i.e. hypertension, anxiety, insomnia
 Potential drug-interactions
 Thai Ginseng root

 Thai ginseng, aka Black Ginger

(Kaempferia parviflora)

 Improves whole-body energy expenditure (EE)

 Improves brown adipose tissue (BAT) production

- Yoshino S, Kim M, Awa R, Kuwahara H, Kano Y, Kawada T. 2014. Kaempferia parviflora extract increases energy consumption through activation of BAT in
mice. Food Sci Nutr 2: 634–637.
- Promthep K, et al. Effect of Kaempferia parviflora extract on physical fitness of soccer players: A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Med Sci
Monit Basic Res. 2015;21:100-108.
 Thai Ginseng root

 PDE5 inhibitor - improves nitric oxide utilization

 Traditionally used in erectile dysfunction

 Reported to improve athletic performance based

on cardiorespiratory performance

- Yoshino S, Kim M, Awa R, Kuwahara H, Kano Y, Kawada T. 2014. Kaempferia parviflora extract increases energy consumption through activation of
BAT in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2: 634–637.
- Promthep K, et al. Effect of Kaempferia parviflora extract on physical fitness of soccer players: A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.
Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2015;21:100-108.
 Thai Ginseng

 2015 clinical study (n=22 healthy males)

 Single 100mg dose of standardized thai ginseng

 Improved while body energy expenditure (EE)

significantly at 60 minutes vs. placebo
Matsushita et al. Kaempferia parviflora Extract Increases Whole-Body Energy Expenditure in Humans: Roles of
Brown Adipose Tissue. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2015;61:79-83

 A 2010 clinical study (n=19 and n=16) reported

no benefit of acute ingestion of Thai ginseng on
sprint and endurance exercise performance
Wasuntarawat C, et el. No effect of acute ingestion of Thai ginseng (Kaempferia parviflora) on sprint and endurance exercise
Performance in humans. J Sports Sci. 2010;8(11):1243-50.
 Thai Ginseng

 A 2010 clinical study (n=19 and n=16) reported

no benefit of acute ingestion of Thai ginseng on
sprint and endurance exercise performance

Wasuntarawat C, et el. No effect of acute ingestion of Thai ginseng (Kaempferia parviflora) on sprint and endurance exercise
Performance in humans. J Sports Sci. 2010;8(11):1243-50.
 Thai Ginseng

 2010 clinical study (n=19 and n=16 healthy

males)

 Single doses of standardized thai ginseng

 N=19 patients exercised to exhaustion

 Improved while body energy expenditure (EE)

significantly at 60 minutes vs. placebo

Matsushita et al. Kaempferia parviflora Extract Increases Whole-Body Energy Expenditure in Humans: Roles of
Brown Adipose Tissue. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2015;61:79-83
 Raspberry Ketones

 Raspberry ketones (RK) are major

Phenolic compounds found in raspberries
(Rubus idaeus)
 RK lab studies report thermogenics properties and improved
lipid metabolism of adipocytes

 In-vitro inhibition of adipogenic and lipgenic gene expression

 Also may decrease fat absorption from small intestine

Morimoto C, Satoh Y, Hara M, et al. Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone. Life Sci. 2005 May 27;77(2):194-204.
Epub 2005 Feb 25.
Park KS. Raspberry ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Planta Med. 2010;76:1654-58.
Park KS. Raspberry ketone, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, inhibits adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Pharm
Biol. 2015;53(6):870-5.
 Raspberry Ketones

 Increases Norepinephrine

 Structure similar to capsaicin, synephrine

 Dosage = 100 mg, 2-3 x daily

 Need more human trials

Belza A, Frandsen E, Kondrup J. Body fat loss achieved by stimulation of thermogenesis by a combination of
bioactive food ingredients: a placebo-controlled, double-blind 8-week intervention in obese subjects. Int J Obes
(Lond). 2007 Jan;31(1):121-30.
 Vitamin C and Exercise

 Vitamin C –up‐regulates carnitine synthesis and increases fat burning. 
 Study found people with marginal Vitamin C deficiency burned 25% less fat 
during exercise.
 Repletion of Vitamin C raised fat burning 4 fold. 

Nutrition and Metabolism 2006, 3:35 doi:10.1186/1743‐7075‐3‐35
Glucose Regulation
 Chromium
 Important in insulin regulation and blood 
sugar control

 Metabolism of carbs and fats

Docherty JP, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory trial of chromium

picolinate in atypical depression: effect on carbohydrate craving. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005
Sep;11(5):302-14.

Lau FC, et al. Nutrigenomic basis of beneficial effects of chromium(III) on obesity and
diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Oct; 317(1-2):1-10. Epub 2008 Jul 18. Review.
 Chromium
 Diets high in simple sugars (comprising more than 35% of calories) can
increase chromium excretion in the urine

 Low chromium levels = increased risk for insulin resistance and Type 2
diabetes

 A 2007 systematic review of 41 human trials reported Chromium

supplementation significantly improved glycemic response among patients
with diabetes

Lau FC, et al. Nutrigenomic basis of beneficial effects of chromium(III) on obesity and diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Oct;317(1-2):1-10. Epub 2008 Jul 18. Review.

Vincent J. The biochemistry of chromium. Journal of Nutrition. 2000;130:715-718.

 Chromium

 Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 447 poorly managed,

overweight/obese Type 2 diabetics
 Pts. administered chromium (600mcg, picolinate) + biotin (2mg) + oral
hypoglycemic meds x 90 days
 Pts. using supplements reported:
- ↓ HbA(1c)
- ↓ FBS
- ↑ Glycemic control
Albarracin CA, et al. Chromium picolinate and biotin combination improves glucose metabolism in treated, uncontrolled overweight to obese patients with type 2
diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2008 Jan-Feb;24(1):41-51.
 Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA)

 Mixed racemic

 Antioxidant

 Improves detoxification including heavy metals

 Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA

 Reported to improve insulin sensitivity

 Improve glycemic control

 Reduce incidence/symptoms of neuropathies

Padmalayam I, Hasham S, Saxena U, Pillarisetti S. Lipoic acid

synthase (LASY): a novel role in inflammation, mitochondrial function,
and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009 Mar;58(3):600-8.
 Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA

 Affects beta cell function

 ↑cAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

 ↑ PGC-1 alpha, ↑ PPAR alpha

 Improves glucose utilization and mitochondrial biogenesis

 Studies report exercise and ALA therapy improves IRS-1 dependent insulin
signaling

Henriksen EJ. Exercise training and the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Free
Radic Biol Med. 2006 Jan 1;40(1):3-12. Review.
 Benfotiamine

 Lipid soluble form of vitamin B1 (thiamin)

 Improves carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism to produce cellular

energy.

 Helps improve glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity

 Benfotiamine
 Clinical studies in diabetics report benfotiamine:
 Helps prevent endothelial dysfunction

 Decreases advanced glycation end-products (AGE)

 Decreases markers of inflammation

 Improves diabetic retinopathy symptoms

Alkhalaf A, Kleefstra N, Groenier KH, et al. Effect of benfotiamine on advanced glycation endproducts and markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic
nephropathy. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40427.
Stirban A, Negrean M, Stratmann B, et al. Benfotiamine prevents macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress following a meal rich in advanced glycation
end products in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(9):2064-71.
 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)

 Antioxidant and redox cofactor

 Mitochondrial catalyst for improved burning of fuel energy production
 Inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
 Improves insulin signaling and glucose tolerance
Misra HS, Raipurohit YS, Khairnar NP. Pyrroloquinoline-quinone and its versatile
roles in biological processes. J Biosci. 2012;37(2):313-25.
 PQQ

 Microactive® PQQ is sustained release, offering increased

bioavailability and clinical utility
 Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) bark

 Traditionally used in Asian

cultures to reduce blood glucose
 Lab and Clinical Studies
 Improves glycemic control
 Reduces postprandial insulin
 Increases GLP-1 (glucagon-like-peptide-1)
 Improves insulin receptor functionality

Hlebowicz J et al. Effects of 1 and 3 g cinnamon on gastric emptying, satiety, and postprandial blood glucose, insulin,
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and ghrelin concentrations in healthy subjects.Am
J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar;89(3):815-21. Epub 2009 Jan 21.
 Cinnamon

 Mechanism of improved insulin sensitivity includes:

 Increased phosphorylation of signaling proteins

 Insulin-sensitive glucose transporter 4-mediated glucose uptake into muscle cells

Hlebowicz J, Darwiche G, Björgell O, Almér LO. Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy
subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1552-6.

Solomon TP, Blannin AK. Changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following 2 weeks of daily cinnamon ingestion in healthy
humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Apr;105(6):969-76. Epub 2009 Jan 22.
 Cinnamon

 2003 clinical study (n=60 type 2 diabetics)

 1, 3, or 6 gm cinnamon or placebo daily x 40 days
 All cinnamon dosages
 Reduced mean fasting serum glucose (18 - 29%)
 Reduced triglycerides (23 - 30%)
 Reduced LDL cholesterol (7 - 27%)
 Reduced total cholesterol (12 – 26%)

Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2
diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Dec;26(12):3215-8.
 Cinnamon

 2013 meta analysis (10 randomized, controlled trials; n=543 type 2

diabetics)
 Conclusion
 Reduces mean fasting serum glucose
 Reduces triglycerides
 Reduces LDL-C
 Reduces total cholesterol
 Increases HDL-C
 No significant effect on HgA1c

Allen RW et al. Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Fam
Med. 2013;11(5):452-9.
 Irvingia seed
 Irvingia gabonensis also known
as African Mango or Dika nut

 Contains water-soluble dietary

fiber

 Used in weight loss, blood sugar regulation and lipid regulation

 Reported to improve body weight and waist/hip circumference ratio

 Reported to improve adiponectin and leptin levels

Onimawo IA, Oteno F, Orokpo G, Akubor PI. Physiochemical and nutrient evaluation of African bush mango (
Irvingia gabonensis ) seeds and pulp. Plant Foods Hum Nutr . 2003;58:1-6.
 Irvingia
 Pharmacology includes:
 Inhibitory effect on glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
 Enzyme involved in converting glucose to stored fat

 Beneficial effect on the enzyme peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-

gamma
 Involved in adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity

 Upregulation of adiponectin
 Enhances insulin sensitivity and endothelial function

 Decreased leptin expression or enhanced leptin sensitivity

 Inhibits food intake and stimulates thermogenesis
Oben JE, Ngondi JL, Blum K. Inhibition of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract (OB131) on adipogenesis as
mediated via down regulation of the PPARgamma and leptin genes and up-regulation of the adiponectin gene.
Lipids Health Dis . 2008;7:44.
 Irvingia
 2005 randomized, double-blind
placebo controlled clinical study
(n=40)

 3.15 gm seed daily in divided doses for 4 weeks

 Significant weight loss and decrease in waist circumference vs. placebo

 Significant reduction in systolic blood pressure

Ngondi JL, et al. The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese
subjects in Cameroon. Lipids Health Dis. 2005;4-12.
 Irvingia
 2009 randomized, double-blind placebo controlled clinical study (n=102)

 150 mg standardized, proprietary seed extract daily in divided doses for 10

weeks

 Significant improvement in irvingia group vs. placebo:

 Body weight
 Body fat percentage
 Waist circumference
 Total cholesterol and LDL
 Blood glucose
 C-reactive protein
 Adiponectin
 Leptin

Ngondi JL, et al. IGOB131, a novel seed extract of the West African plant Irvingia gabonensis, significantly reduces body weight and
improves metabolic parameters in overweight humans in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled investigation. Lipids
Health Dis. 2009;6:7.
 Irvingia

 Take 30-60 minutes before meals

 Reported to delay gastric emptying

 Best to use 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking

meds to avoid potential for interaction
 Irvingia seed - of interest
 Dika fat from irvingia used as superior pharmaceutical excipient in
tableting, emulsions and suspensions

 Superior to tragacanth and acacia

 Being developed for drug-release properties

 Others to Consider

 Bitter Melon
 Garcinia cambogia (hydroxy-citric acid or HCA)
 Fenugreek
 Zinc with Cyclo Hispro
 Resistant or modified starch
Thyroid nutrients
 Selenium

 Antioxidant

 Supports immunity

 Cofactor in conversion of T4 to T3
 Selenium

 Thyroid gland has highest concentration of

selenium per gram of organ tissue

 Reported effective support in autoimmune

thyroiditis
Van Zuuren EJ, Albusta AY, Fedorowicz Z, et al. Selenium supplementation for
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;CD010223.

 Selenomethionine more absorbable and

bioavailable
 Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus)

 Seaweed high in nutrients:

 Iodine
 Magnesium
 Calcium
 Potassium
 Sodium
 Zinc

 Iodine up to 600 mcg/gm plant

 Reported to help improve thyroid hormone levels

 Coleus (Coleus forskohlii)

 Herb commonly used in Ayurveda and Chinese

Medicine

 Increases c-AMP levels in cells

 Increases lipolysis
 Coleus (Coleus forskohlii)

 Human trial (n=15) 500mg bid of 10%

Kamohara S, Noparatanawong S. A Coleus forskohlii extract improves body composition in healthy
volunteers: An open-label trial. Personalized Medicine Universe. 2013;2:25-27.

 Weight loss up to 2.3kg over 2 months

 Makes fat cells more sensitized to compounds

like epi, norepi

 Promotes fat oxidation

 Coleus (Coleus forskohlii)

 Leydig cells become more sensitive to LH

 May help improve free testosterone

Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR. Body composition and
hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men.
Obes Res. 2005;13(8):1335-43.
 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

 “Indian ginseng”

 Herbal adaptogen

 Helps improve performance and decrease

fatigue
Sandhu JS, Shah B, Shenoy S, et al. Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and
Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) on physical performance and cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy young
adults. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2010;1(3):144-9.
 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

 Reported to help improve thyroid

hormone levels, especially T4

Panda S, Kar A. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after

administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J Pharm
Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;50(9):1065-8.
 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

 2010 study (n=40, mean age 20.6 yrs)

 Study results:
 Reported improved physical performance and cardiorespiratory
endurance

 Ashwagandha may help improve generalized weakness and to

improve speed and lower limb muscular strength and
neuromuscular co-ordination
Sandhu JS, Shah B, Shenoy S, et al. Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Terminalia arjuna
(Arjuna) on physical performance and cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy young adults. Int J Ayurveda
Res. 2010;1(3):144-9.
Cortisol management
Magnolia and Phellodendron Combination

• Proprietary blend of Traditional Chinese Herbs

Magnolia officinalis and Phellodendron amurense

• Marketed for stress-related appetite control and

reduction of stress-related fat deposition
 Magnolia and Phellodendron

 Anti-anxiety and anti-stress properties rival

benzodiazapenes, yet non-sedating

 Helps normalize cortisol and DHEA levels, including

exercise induced

 Helps decrease food cravings associated with increased

stress

 Low side-effect profile

 Magnolia and Phellodendron

• In vitro study reported Relora binds to similar

receptors as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors) like Fluoxetine, Sertraline, and
Paroxetine.
Unpublished Data, Next Pharmaceuticals, Salinas, CA
 Magnolia and Phellodendron

• Clinical study (n=26)

• Overweight, otherwise healthy premenopausal
females
• Relora 250mg tid x 6 weeks
• Significantly reduced transitory anxiety

Kalman et al. Effect of a proprietary Magnolia and Phellodendron extract on stress levels in
healthy women: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr J. 2008;7(1):11.
 Magnolia and Phellodendron

• 2013 clinical study (n=56) published in Journal of

International Society of Sports Nutrition
• Relora 250mg bid x 4 weeks
• 18% decrease salivary cortisol
• 30% in anger and fatigue
• 11% overall well-being and decreased stress
Talbott et al. Effect of Magnolia officinalis and Phellodendon amurense (Relora) on cortisol and
psychological mood state in moderately stressed subjects. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013;10(1):37 .
 Magnolia and Phellodendron

• Unpublished human trial results:

• 250 mg TID for two weeks

• 50 subjects
• 227% increase in salivary DHEA
• 37% reduction in morning salivary cortisol
Hormonal Balance
 Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) root

 Contains isoflavone compounds

 Puerarin – major constituent

 Formononetin

 Genistin

 Genistein

 Daidzin

 Daidzein

 Constituents similar to those found in red clover, soy and black cohosh
 Estrogen receptor modulation

- Zhang Z, Lam TN, Zuo Z. Radix Puerariae: an overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical use. J Clin
Pharmacol. 2013;53(8):787-811.
- Zhang YB, Chen WH, Guo JJ, et al. Soy isoflavone supplementation could reduce body weight and improve glucose metabolism in non-
Asian postmenopausal women – a meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2013;29(1):8-14.
 Isoflavones in Kudzu

 Studies support improvement in cycle

 Reduced cardiovascular risk
 Reduced estradiol
• DECREASE AROMATIZATION OF ESTRADIOL
 Increased SHBG in low SHBG women
 Decreased cancer risk
 Improved bone density

- Kumar NB, Cantor A, Allen K, et al. The specific role of isoflavones on estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women.
Cancer. 2002;94(4):1166-1174.
- Alekel DL, van Loan MD, Koehler KJ, et al. The soy isoflavones for reducing bone loss (SIRBL) study: A 3-y randomized
controlled trial in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010;91:218–230.
 Kudzu root

 Reported to interact with PPAR-γ and PPAR-α

Jungbauer A, Medjakovic S. Phytoestrogens and the metabolic syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.
2013;[Epub ahead of print].

 May help improve symptoms of metabolic syndrome

 Antioxidant/antiinflammatory (COX-2)
Bebrevska L, Foubert K, Hermans N, et al. In vivo antioxidative activity of a quantified Pueraria lobata root extract. J
Ethnopharmacol. 2010;127(1):112-7.
 DIM (diindolylmethane)

 Found in cruciferous
veggies

 Helps convert active estrogens

into 2-hydroxyestrone

 May act as weak estrogen

Wang TT, Milner MJ, Milner JA, Kim YS. Estrogen receptor alpha as a target for indole-3-carbinol. J Nutr Biochem.
2006;17(10):659-64.
 DIM (diindolylmethane)

 May also help improve free testosterone levels

Garikapaty VP, Ashok BT, Tadi K, et al. 3,3’-diindolylmethane downregulates pro-survival pathway hormone
independent prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;340(2):718-25.

 Decreased risk of hormonally related cancers, including breast, prostate

and thyroid
 Eurycoma (Eurycoma longifolia) root

 Tongkat ali or “Malaysian ginseng” - used in

SE Asian cultures for improved testosterone
levels, libido

 Reported to improve testosterone levels

(free and total) in men and women

 Also improves testosterone/cortisol ratio

 Eurycoma (Eurycoma longifolia) root

 Quassinoids - major phytochemical compounds

 Laboratory studies:
 Aromatase inhibition
 At high concentration may also have phosphodiesterase inhibiting properties

 Helps stimulate osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast apoptosis

 Eurycoma (Eurycoma longifolia) root

 2013 study (n=25; 13 men, 12 women; ages 52-72)

 400mg standardized water extract of Eurycoma QD x 5 weeks

 Significant increases in total and free testosterone

 Significant declines in SHBG

 Improved muscular force

Henkel RR, Wang R, Bassett SH, et al. Tongkat ali as a potential herbal supplement for physically active male and female
seniors-A pilot study. Phytother Res. 2013;[Epub ahead of print].
 Eurycoma (Eurycoma longifolia) root

 2013 clinical trial

 N=63 men and women
 200 mg QD standardized water extract for 4 weeks
 37 % decrease in cortisol levels
 16% increase in testosterone levels
 Reduced symptoms:
 -11% stress

 -15% confusion

 -12% anger
Talbott SM, Talbott JA, George A, et al. Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state in moderately
stressed subjects. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013;10(1):28.
 Eurycoma (Eurycoma longifolia) root

 2012 randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled parallel group study (n=109

men; ages 30-55)

 300 mg QD Eurycoma root standardized water extract for 12 weeks

 Reported improvements in erection, sexual libido, sperm motility and semen

volume

 A significant improvement in fat mass was also reported in subjects with a BMI
> 25.
Ismail SB, Wan Mohammad WM, George A, et al. Randomized Clinical Trial on the Use of Physta Freeze-dried Water Extract of Eurycoma longifolia for the
Improvemetn of Quality of Life and Sexual Well-Being in Men. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:429268.
Supportive Supplement categories for
Weight loss
 Gut Health – Supportive Nutrients

 Cat’s Claw
 Berberine
 Aloe
 Glutamine
 Probiotics
 Improving Lipid Profile

 Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) fruit juice

 Bergamot fruit found in Calabrian region of Southern Italy

 Unique phytochemical profile of flavonoids and flavone glycosides

 Useful in MetS patients

 Bergamot

 Reported to improve cholesterol and triglyceride profiles

 HMG-CoA reductase inhibiting properties

Di Donna.L, De Luca.G, Mazzotti.F, et al. Statin- like principles of bergamot fruit ( Citrus bergamia ): isolation of 3-
hydroxymethylglutaryl flavonoid glycosides. J Nat Prod. 2009;72:1352-1354.

 Anti-inflammatory; inhibits chemokines including

interleukin 8

 Adds protection to endothelial tissue

- Borgatti M, Mancini I, Bianchi N, et al. Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruit extracts and identified
components alter expression of interleukin 8 gene in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cell lines. BMC
Biochem. 2011;12:15.
 Bergamot

 Activates AMPK (AMP activated protein kinase)

 Helps improve insulin sensitivity

 Promotes glucose uptake into cells

 Suppresses synthesis of glucose in the liver

Mollace V, Sacco I, Janda E, et al. Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity of bergamot

polyphenols: from animal models to human studies. Fitoterapia. 2011;82:309-316.
 Bergamot Clinical Trial

 Randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study (n=237, (grouped into

hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia/hypercholesterolemia and placebo)
 Administration of bergamot (1,000 mg standardized daily for 30 days)
 Reduced total cholesterol by 30%
 Reduced triglycerides by 40%
 Reduced LDL by 38%
 Increased HDL by 42%
 Blood glucose levels also reduced by 15-25%

Mollace V, Sacco I, Janda E, et al. Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity of

bergamot polyphenols: from animal models to human studies. Fitoterapia.
2011;82:309-316.
 Improving Lipid Profiles

 Phaseolus vulgaris, common

White bean

 “Carb blocker”

 Reported to inhibit alpha-amylase

 Also reported to have ACE inhibitory peptides

 Decreases number of calories absorbed from carbohydrates

Tagliazucchi D, et al. Identification of ACE-inhibitory peptides from Phaseolus vulgaris after in vitro gastrointestinal
digestion. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;1-9 [Epub ahead of print].
 Glucose Absorption Study
Published in The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2009.
The area under the plasma glucose time curve
(a measure of glucose absorption and metabolism)
was 66%* (p<0.05) lower with a 1.5 gram dose of Phase 2 WKBE.

*Study performed by Joseph A. Vinson, Hassan Al Kharrat, Donna Shuta

Department of Chemistry, University of Scranton
 Phaseolus

 2014 clinical study (n=60 overweight patients BMI 25-30)

 50 mg proprietary phaseolus extract BID for 12 weeks vs. placebo
 Phaseolus had significantly greater reduction in:
 Body weight

 Waist circumference

 Oxidative stress

 Appetite (improve satiety)

Luzzi R, et al. Beanblock (standardized dry extract of Phaseolus vulgaris) in mildly overweight subjects: a pilot study. Eur
Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(20:3120-5.
 Phaseolus

 2004 clinical study (n=50, with 27 completing study)

 1500 mg proprietary phaseolus extract BID for 8 weeks vs. placebo
 Phaseolus had significantly greater reduction in:
 Body weight

 Triglycerides – more than 3x placebo

Udani J, et al. Blocking carbohydrate absorption and weight loss: a clinical trial using Phase 2 brand proprietary
fractionated white bean extract. Altern Med Rev. 2004;9(1):63-9.
 Largest study to date

Those subjects taking white kidney bean extract lost an average

of seven pounds more than those on placebo after 12 weeks.

73.5% of the participants in the weight management phase

successfully maintained their body weight after 24 weeks.

The active group lost significantly more body fat mass

and waist circumference compared to the placebo group.

After 12 weeks, the Phase 2 group had significantly

less food cravings.
 A Proprietary Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor from
White Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris): A Review of Clinical
Studies on Weight Loss and Glycemic Control
Published in Nutrition Journal, March 2011

A review of over a dozen studies concluded:

• Phase 2 WKBE Carb Controller has demonstrated the

ability to cause weight loss.

• It has the ability to reduce the post-prandial spike in blood glucose levels.

• It can be integrated into various products without losing activity or altering

the appearance, texture or taste of food.
Jay Udani, MD, CEO of Medicus Research, Marilyn Barrett, Ph.D. of Pharmacognosy Consulting
 Weight Control Study
International Journal of Medical Sciences, January, 2007

• 60 subjects, ages 25-45

(male & female, 5-15 kg overweight, stable for 30 days prior to study)

• Double-blind, placebo-controlled study for 30 days

• Recommended diet with daily consumption of complex carbohydrates

during one of the principal meals

• Experimental: Placebo plus 500 mg of a Phase 2 WKBE containing product.

• Changes in weight; fat and lean body mass

(bioelectric impedance); waist, hip, and thigh circumference
 Weight Control Study

Phase 2 WKBE product Placebo

Weight -2.933 kg -0.348 kg
-6.45 lbs -0.76 lbs
TBW -3.96% -0.47%

Fat Body Mass -10.45% -1.30%

Lean Body Mass 0.0 % 0.0 %
Hip Circumference -1.39% -0.10%
Thigh Circumference -1.44% -0.39%
Waistline Circumference -3.44% -0.53%
(p<0.001)
 China Study

• Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study

of 101 overweight subjects for 60 days
• 1000 mg Phase 2 WKBE three times a day vs. placebo
• Results: Those receiving WKBE had statistically
significant greater average reductions of body weight
(-1.9 kg vs. -0.4 kg) and waist circumference
(-1.9 cm vs. 0.4 cm (p=0.001) ).

“Enhanced weight loss from a dietary supplement containing standardized Phaseolus vulgaris
extract (Phase 2 WKBE) in overweight men and women,” Duo Li, Ph.D., Jianguo Shen, MD.,
Xiafeng, MS, Alessandro D’Amore, MD., and Harry G. Preuss, MD.
 Mexico Study

• 30-day study of 50 overweight and obese individuals

• 1000 mg (WKBE) three times per day with
a high carbohydrate meal
• 98% of those completing the study had a reduction in their body
weight (1.8 kg to 3.8 kg (p<0.001) )
• No special eating or exercise regimen was required

• No adverse reactions reported

“Random, multi-center evaluation to test the efficacy of Phaseolus Vulgaris (PreCarb)

in obese and overweight individuals,” Lucila Velasco Osorio, dietitian, Jorge Alberto Zavala
Gamboa, Q.I.
 Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)

 Family of 28 isomers of the fatty acid linoleic acid

 Antioxidant

 Improves activity of lipoprotein lipase

 Improves cholesterol and triglycerides

 Laboratory research more compelling than human data

Gnadig S, Rickert R, Sebedio JL, Steinhart H. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): physiological effects and production. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2001;103:56-61.

Lehnen TE, et al. A review on effects of conjugated linoleic fatty acid (CLA) upon body composition and energetic metabolism. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015;12:36.
 Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)

 Reported to increase mitochondrial biosynthesis and metabolism in skeletal

muscle

 Helps normalize insulin and blood glucose levels – improves glycemic profile

 Reported to help re-synthesize glycogen

 Immune modulation

 1 – 2 grams, bid-tid
Gnadig S, Rickert R, Sebedio JL, Steinhart H. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): physiological effects and production. Eur. J.
Lipid Sci. Technol. 2001;103:56-61.
 Environmental Detoxification

 Fulvic Acid
 Chorella
 Alginate
 Solidago (Solidago sp.)
 Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)
 Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) seed
 Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root and leaf
 Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) aerial parts

 Goldenrod historically used to improve renal detoxification

 Antioxidant
 Diuretic properties in lab studies
 German Commission E supports use of goldenrod as agent in kidney
and bladder disorders
 Widely accepted in Europe for Tx of renal lithiasis (stones)

Melzig MF. [Goldenrod – a classical component in the urological phytotherapy]. Wein Med
Wochenschr. 2004;154(21-22):523-7.
 Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)

 Traditionally used in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine

 Antioxidant

 Diuretic properties

 Helps improve renal function

Visavadiya NP, Soni B, Soni B, Madamwar D. Suppression of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide by Asparagus racemosus
root extract using in vitro studies. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2009 Feb 25;55 Suppl:OL1083-95.
 Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)

 Nephroprotective

 Also reported to improve Th1/Th2 balance and improve immunity – lab

studies

Gautam M, Diwanay S, Gairola S, Shinde Y, Patki P, Patwardhan B. Immunoadjuvant potential of Asparagus racemosus
aqueous extract in experimental system. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Apr;91(2-3):251-5.
 Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) seed extract

 Milk thistle on top of list for hepatoprotective supplements

 Due to silymarin content (silymarins are silybum, silybin, silybinin)

 Improves glutathione stores

 Improves phase 1 detoxification

 Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) seed extract

 Silymarin reported to improve hepatic glutathione levels by as much as

35% in animal models
Das SK, Vasudevan DM. Protective effects of silymarin, a milk thistle (Silybium marianum) derivative on ethanol-
induced oxidative stress in liver. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2006 Oct;43(5):306-11.

 Also reported nephroprotective

 Can interact with CYP-450 hepatic microenzymes

 Best to monitor narrow therapeutic range drugs closely when using

milk thistle
 Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) seed extract

 2007 Cochrane Database System Review of milk thistle

 18 human trials in 1008 patients

 Reported liver-related mortality was significantly reduced by milk thistle

Rambaldi A, Jacobs BP, Iaquinto G, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a
systematic cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Am J
Gastroenterol. 2005;100(11):2583-91.
 Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) whole plant

 Dandelion one of staples of early Medical treatments for kidney and

liver related conditions

 Diuretic and “tonic” properties – leaf

 Antioxidant

 Choleretic - root
 Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) whole plant

 Root also contains bifidogenic properties

Trojanova I, Rada V, Kokoska L, et al. The bifidogenic effect of Taraxacum officinale root.
Fitoterapia. 2004;75(7-8):760-3.

 2009 clinical study (n-17)

 Dandelion leaf reported to significantly improve diuresis
Clare BA, Conroy RS, Spelman K. The diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of Taraxacum
officinale folium over a single day. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(8):929-34.
 Fulvic Acid

 Found in the soil

 Produced by microbial aerobic degradation of organic matter

 Reported to help detoxify organopollutants

Tomaszewski JE, Madliger M, Pederson JA, et al. Adsorption of insecticidal Cry1Ab protein to humic substances. 2. Influence of
humic and fulvic acid charge and polarity characteristics. Environ Sci Technol. 2012;46(18):9932-40.
 Chlorella

 Fresh water algae

 Antioxidant

 Helps detoxify metals and other environmental toxins

 Rich in nutrients
 Chlorella

 Reported to decrease cadmium levels in smokers

Lee SH, Kang HJ, Lee HL, et al. Six-week supplementation with Chlorella has favorable impact on antioxidant status in Korean male
smokers. Nutrition. 2010;26(2):175-83.

 Also reported to enhance NK cell activity

 Improves production of interferon-γ and interleukin-12, interleukin-1β, the Th-1

cell-induced cytokines
Kwak JH, Baek SH, Woo Y, et al. Beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term Chlorella
supplementation: enhancement of natural killer cell activity and early inflammatory response
(randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr J. 2012;11:53.
 Conclusion

“Maintaining fat loss is a matter of maintaining

metabolic performance. By broadening the scope of
understanding what breaks with aging and
metabolic damage, we can repair and reinvigorate
cellular energy production. ”
Thank You For Your Attention

James B. LaValle R.Ph., CCN. DHM, DHPh

Adjunct Faculty George Washington School of Medicine
and Health Sciences
Chairperson A4M-MMI
Executive Chair Metabolic Code Enterprises