CM 1 26/09

Ch 1: contract law

Section 1: making / formation of contract

Section 2 : performance of contracts and obligations

Ch 2: special contracts

Section 1: sales

Section 2: service contract

Ch 3: company law

Ch 4: resolution

 Act of parliament : law

 Statutorily: by the law/legislation
 Droit objectif (French Law): ensemble de regles de droit en vigueur dans un pays - LAW
 Droit subjectif : Les prerogatifs juridiques que le droit objectif reconnait a certains
commissions - RIGHT
 Loi (status)
 The law is more important than the right because the source is the law
 Claimant: someone that asks (alleges the existence of a right)
 Respondent: the one who violates the law
 Tortious liability

SOURCES OF OBLIGATIONS

 Legal obligation: come from the law and imposes on the citizens of that country
 Contracts: voluntary source of obligation, it generates an obligation for the parties bc the
parties have decided voluntarily to conclude this contract
 Liability: when you owe something to someone

Tort Law / Tortuous: leads to responsabilite civile

Delictuelle : delit civile

CHAPTER 1 – CONTRACT LAW

SECTION 1 - FORMATION OF CONTRACTS

1804: creation of the civil code

The 2016 reform: made clearer and more detailed how to form contracts

DEFINITION OF CONTRACT

Article 1101: Le contrat test un accord de volonté entre deux ou plusieurs personnes destinés a
créer ou modifier ou transmettre ou étendre des obligations

Article 1101: A contract is an agreement between two or more individuals aimed at creating,
modify, transfer or cancel obligations

A contract is NOT a settlement of agreement

Real will: no room for vices du consentement

3 situations where the contract cannot be valid:

1. Dol: misrepresentation
2. Error = Mistake
3. Violence = Duress

CONTRACTS

 Company contract: more than 2 individuals

 Personne morale et physique = Legal entity and individual

FUNCTIONS OF A CONTRACT

The invalid contract does not create any rights or obligation

1. Create: We create a contract to have rights and obligations between individuals or

companies
The last 3 ones they all assume an obligation which already exists, with another contract
2. Modify:
3. Transferring: It’s not anymore between A and B, they´re transferring it to a third party
(only the credit is transferred (payment))
4. Cancelling: When both parties are no longer interested and allows them to bring their
contract to an end
CONTENT OF A CONTRACT

Contracts are always about legal obligations

Art 1102: chacun est libre de contracter ou de ne pas contracter, de choisir son contractement et
de déterminer le contenu et la forme du contrat dans les limites fixées par la loi

Article 1102 : Anyone is free to contract or not contract, to choose its co-contractor and to
determine the content and the contract form within the boundaries of the law

Al 2 : la liberté contractuelle ne permet pas de déroger aux règles qui intéressent d’ordre public

Al 2: Freedom of contract does not allow the parties to derogate from public policy provisions.

 Negotiate: search an accord

 Contracter : l’accord est trouvé et on veut le mettre a l’écrit
 Content of the contract: clauses

Shape of the contract: Oral, simple written and authentic written

 Oral: not common bc you don’t have proof or signatures of the parties
 Simple written: signed by the parties
 Authentic written: notarial act prepared by a public notary

You can’t deal drugs, weapons,

Non mandatory rules: s’appliquent au contrat sauf si les parties ont prevu une regle contractuelle
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