EDEXCEL IGCSE

Revision Notes and Questions

Separate Chemistry
(Section 5)

By Mr Powell-Young

March 2014
Extraction of Metals:
The extraction of a metal depends upon its position in the r____________ series.
Those elements above C________ can be extracted by E____________ and those below
can be extracted by R_____________.

Aluminium:

Process: E___________

Raw Material: B___________ (Aluminium O_______)

Conditions: Temperature of __________ °C

C__________ (this is used to dissolve the aluminium oxide so that the

process can take place at a lower t__________.

Equations: Cathode:

Anode:

Comments: The anodes have to be replaced regularly because they react with the
o_________ to produce c_________ d_______

Uses: Aluminium is used because of its low d_______ and high s_________.
(used to make a________)

It is also a very good conductor of e__________ and h_______. (used

to make p_____)

Aluminium has a thin layer of aluminium o______ on its s_______ and

therefore is resistant to c________. (used to make aluminium f_____)

Iron:

Process: R__________ (loss of o_________) with c_______.

Raw Material: H__________ (Iron o______)

C______

L_____________
Conditions: Temperature of ________°C to ________°C

Equations: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Comments: The l_________ (c_________ c__________) decomposes to form

c________ o________ and this reacts with the acidic impurities in the ore to form

s_____.

Uses: The iron that comes out of the B_______ F_______ is known as p___ iron and can be

converted into c____ iron by remelting and cooling. C______ iron contains about ___%

c______. C_____ iron is very f_____ when molten and therefore good for making castings.

It is also quite h______ but b_______.

To remove some of the carbon the impure iron is reacted with o______ to make s______.

The uses of the s______ depends upon the % carbon.

 Type of Iron Iron mixed with Uses

Wrought Iron p_____ iron r_________

n_______
M_____ s______ Up to _____% c_______
s______ building

H_____ c______ ____% to _____%

c________ tools
s________ c_______

m_________ covers
C______ Iron ______% c_______
g__________

S_________ s______ c_________ and n______ c_______

a) Write a word equation for the reaction with the acidic

impurities.

b) Write a symbol equation for the reaction with the acidic

impurities.

Crude Oil:
Crude Oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

The crude oil is separated into f__________ by a process known as F________________

D______________. First the crude oil is v___________ and then passed into a
c_________. As the v_______ rises the different f_______ will c__________ at
different levels.

Name of Fraction Use

R__________ g_________

G____________

K____________

D____________

F_________ O______

B____________

As the number of c________ atoms in a hydrocarbon increases:

i) The b__________ p_________ increases.

ii) The v__________ increases.

Combustion:

Alkanes are used as f______s. Their combustion can be c___________ or i_________.

b) What are the products when hydrocarbons are burned in excess oxygen?

c) What are the products when a hydrocarbon is burned in a limited supply of oxygen?

d) What other pollutant can be produced by the internal combustion engine?

e) What pollutant is caused by the main impurity in fossil fuels

The combustion of fossil fuels (including alkanes) results in the release of c________

d________ into the atmosphere

C_______ d________, m________ and water vapour are

referred to as g_________ gases and that these gases may contribute to global

_________.

Cracking:

The f_________ d___________ of crude oil produces more long-chain hydrocarbons than

can be used directly and fewer short-chain hydrocarbons. Therefore the long-chain

hydrocarbons can be b_________ d_________ to produce more useful, s_________

hydrocarbons. This process is known as c__________.

C___________ involves heating the hydrocarbons to ________ °C and using a __________

catalyst.

Synthetic Polymers:
Addition Polymerisation:

This is when many s_________ molecules (known as m________) are j________ together to form a

l_______ chain known as a p_______.

Alkenes can be used to make p_________ such as poly(ethene) and poly(propene). In these

reactions, many small molecules (m___________) join together to form very large molecules

(p_________).

a) Draw a diagram of the polymer formed from this alkene?

=>

=>

Describe the uses of the following polymers:

Polymer Use

Poly(ethene)

Poly(propene)

Poly(chloroethene)

Addition polymers are difficult to dispose of because of their i___________ which means that they

do not easily b__________.

Condensation Polymerisation:

Some polymers such as n_________ are formed by a process known as c____________

polymerisation. The reaction also produces a small molecule, such as w________.

a) Write an equation to show the formation of nylon.

Industrial Manufacture of Chemicals:

Haber Process:

This process is used to manufacture a__________.

Raw Materials: Nitrogen from a_____.

Hydrogen from m________ or c_______ of h____________.

Conditions: Temperature of _______°C

Pressure of ________ atm

I______ catalyst

Process: The reaction mixture is passed over a bed of i____ catalyst. The reaction
mixture is then c______ to l_______ the a__________. Any u________
Nitrogen and Hydrogen is r___________.

Uses: A_________ is used in the manufacture of N_______ acid and

f______________.
 Nitrogen is important in f________ as it is required by plants to aid
g__________. A_________ and N______ acid react together to form
A__________ N____________, a f___________ high in nitrogen.

Contact Process:

This process is used to manufacture s__________ a________.

Raw Materials: S________.

O______ from a_____.

Conditions: Temperature of _______°C

Pressure of ________ atm

V_______ (V) O______ catalyst

Equations: 1:

2:

3: The sulphur t_________ is then dissolved in s_________ acid.

Uses: S___________ acid is used in the manufacture of d____________,

f_____________ and p________.

Diaphragm Cell:
This process is used to manufacture S________ H__________, C___________ and
H__________.

Raw Materials: Sodium Chloride Solution (B_______)

Conditions: Electricity

Membrane is used to separate the C________ and H________ as they

might form an explosive mixture.

Equations: Anode:

Cathode:

Uses: S_________ H__________ is used in the manufacture of b________,

p_________ and s_________.

C_________ is used to s__________ water and in the manufacture of

b_________ and h___________ acid.