2 Statements (Questions):

The govt. should build more dams and canals to improve access to
irrigation for farmers

The best use of land anywhere in Pakistan is for agriculture

Which statement do you agree with more? Give examples and places you have
studied to support your answer

I agree that using Pakistan’s land for agriculture is the best idea, since Pakistan is an
agricultural country and most of its exports comprises of Agro based products.
Agriculture provides employment to more than half of the population living in Pakistan.
So if government could provide easy loans through ADBP, source of mechanization
through programs like Green Revolution and introduction of new researches through
Agricultural Research Development Councils; then Pakistan could promote its exports
also.

However, building large dams has its own limitations; as Large – Scale Irrigation Project
requires heavy investments. Many dams in Pakistan like Tarbela on Indus and Mangla on
Jhelum are facing the problem of siltation and many dams in Pakistan like Warsak are
built on seasonal rivers like Kabul River thus are not functioning as per the expectations.

Therefore, agriculture being the prime profession of Pakistan can bring overall
development in Pakistan if new and modern methods and techniques are being introduced
to it.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |1
The govt. should spend more money on development projects in the less
densely populated province in Pakistan. The province is behind in
development.

The govt. should spend more money on development projects in the more
densely populated provinces in Pakistan. More people live there.

Which statement do you agree with more? Give examples and places you have
studied to support your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2015)

I agree that developing projects in less densely populated province is the best idea, since
province like Balochistan which is less densely populated province, has wider
developmental prospectus. The presences of large mineral resources like Gold & Copper
at RiqoDiq and Natural Gas at Sui; can provide a large unrestricted space for such
projects. Moreover, the presence of port’s facilities may lead to free industrial zones
which can play its part in improving the overall economy of the country.

However, introducing development projects in densely populated provinces like Sindh,

Punjab and KPK has its own limitations as it will not only increase transportation
problems like in Karachi and Lahore; but will also lead to population congestion; thus
putting more pressure on the agricultural lands to meet the food requirements.

Therefore, less densely populated area like Balochistan must be given a chance to match
the evenly developmental process to share the economical constraints; countries like
Pakistan face.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |2
There are advantages and disadvantages to Pakistan of trading with different
countries or group of countries. Read the following two views:

Pakistan would benefit from stronger trade links with China.

There are more advantages to Pakistan in maintaining trade with EU

(European Union) countries.

Which statement do you agree with more? Give examples and places you have
studied to support your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2015)

I agree that getting trade benefit from China is the best idea, since China has a faster
growing economy so Pakistan can earn more benefits along with more foreign exchange.
Moreover, it will also reduce dependency on Western Countries for Pakistan, which will
not only reduce the western imports but can help to minimize the negative trade balance.
China on the other hand can also help Pakistan by manufacturing cheap product to meet
the local demand curtailing the import expenses spent on luxury items.

However, trade links with EU has its own limitations; as most of the EU countries have
trade barriers with the countries outside EU. This may restrict trade relations with
Pakistan due to poor law and order situation in the country. Furthermore, many small /
cottage industry products might lack International Quality Standard and may face un-
acceptance due to political instability and child labour.

Therefore, trade links with China can be proved worthy; yet, Pakistan can trade with EU
on smaller scales in order to meet the market trends set by EU.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |3
Read the following two views about over population in Pakistan:

The problems caused by overpopulation can only be solved by increasing

resources such as food, housing and essential services.

The needs of the people can only be met if population growth can be
controlled.

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer
to examples and places you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2016)

I agree that increasing resources to reduce the problems of overpopulation is the best
idea, since Pakistan has large tendency to practice agriculture. So, if many of the desert
areas like Thal in Punjab and Thar in Sindh could be reclaimed by providing irrigation
facilities will not only reduce the food shortage but will also increase the export of
Pakistan. Since most of the population lives in rural areas in Pakistan therefore, by
introducing green revolution methods in agriculture would increase the total crop yield.
Moreover, systematic measure needs to be introduced as a govt. scheme to provide
electricity through Rural Electrification Programs along with facilities of sanitation and
improved building schemes to reduce the overpopulation problems.

However, controlling population speed has its own limitations; as most of the people
living in rural areas have a tradition to have larger families as a symbol of pride.
Moreover, limiting birth rate is also considered as a negative religious belief and hence
Family Planning Programmes like Green Star are not so welcomed by the rural
population.

Therefore, Pakistan must focus upon providing basic facilities to its population so that
they could have a better lifestyle since, controlling birth rate / population might be a long
term task.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |4
Read the following two views about water shortages in Pakistan:

The best way to prevent water shortages in Pakistan is to build more dams
and other infrastructure projects. These will store or supply more water.

The best way to prevent water shortages in Pakistan is to educate people

about different methods of saving water. These methods could be carried
out in agriculture, industries and in homes.

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer
to examples and places you have studied. You should consider both View A and
View B in your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2017)

I agree that building more dams to store or supply water is the best idea, since Pakistan
has one of the largest river, Indus which is fed by it eastern & western tributaries. At
present only 3 large multipurpose dams are available. Therefore, by constructing more
reservoirs; Pakistan will not only be able to prevent water loss flowing downstream into
the sea but will also be able to store more water. Pakistan has many ideal dam’s
constructing sites like Kalabagh etc. which will not only provide water to the irrigation
channels but will also help Pakistan to be self sufficient in power generation through
HEP.

However, conserving water through domestic policies and awareness has its own
limitations; as most of the people living in urban areas are associated with Industries;
which requires water as the main raw material. Moreover, with the growing population;
the need of water has increased a lot which can’t be resisted through general awareness
among the population. Planting trees and lining canals will definitely conserve the water
but most of these methods are time consuming, and in a country like Pakistan where
people are not easily approachable for awareness programs, the conservation of water
needs to be practices on a large scale.

Therefore, Pakistan must focus upon constructing mega projects to be self sufficient in
water resources.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |5
Read the following two views about increasing food supplies in Pakistan:

Development of livestock is the best way to increase the amount of food

available in Pakistan.

Increasing crop production and cultivable area is the best way of ensuring
there is enough food in Pakistan.

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer
to examples and places you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2017)

I agree that development of livestock to increase food production is the best idea, since
Pakistan has large multi – national farms which have the tendency to produce protein rich
food for the population. Moreover, in many parts of Pakistan like Multan & Sahiwal
many breeds of cattle and buffaloes like Nili, Kundi are available which provide a rich
source of milk, ghee and meat. Furthermore, since many sure – footed animals can even
survive in rugged terrains like Swat and Dir etc. therefore, livestock farming can even be
promoted through govt. support as many of these areas are rich in Shamilats.

However, increasing crop production as a food source has its own limitations; since many
cultivable lands in Pakistan are over – exhausted due to continuous farming. Multi –
cropping and over – cropping methods have already led to saturation point for the soil.
Furthermore, irrigation network in Pakistan had also caused seepage which led to Water
logging and Salinity; due to which many areas in Pakistan had turned out to be barren.

Therefore, Pakistan must focus upon developing livestock farming as a rich protein food
source which will not only fulfils the demands of the local people but its bi – products
like leather and bones etc. will also give boost to different industries in Pakistan. This
may also generate employment and has the potential to increase the foreign exchange.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |6
Read the following two views about reducing the population growth rate in
Pakistan:

The population growth rate is best reduced by family planning

programmes.

The population growth rate is best reduced by increasing literacy for all,
especially females.

Which view do you agree with more? Give examples and places you have studied to
support your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2015)

I agree that increasing literacy among the females is the best idea, since education is a
direct approach and has more effects than just on population. A literate woman will not
only provide a helping hand in increasing the economical standards but will also provide
a platform for a controlled birth rate in the longer terms by educating their children.
Furthermore, literacy will also provide a career orientation which may result in having
fewer children for a better future of their families.

However, introducing family planning programs has its own limitations; as most of the
religious factors are against reduction in family size like One Child Policy (in China).
Furthermore, programs like Behbud Association and Green Star Clinics have not yet
achieved their desired goals in Pakistan since the use of contraceptives and other birth
controlled medicine proved to have severe side effects.

Therefore, literacy among the females might reduce the ever growing population in
Pakistan and once the females are educated they will automatically be literate enough to
know about the family planning programs.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |7
Read the following two views about solution to Pakistan’s shortage of
energy:

To produce more energy large scale power generation schemes such as

nuclear, gas – fired, oil – fired & multipurpose HEP (Hydel) power stations
should be built.

To produce more energy small scale power generation schemes should be

set up such as bio gas, wind and solar power plants.

Which view do you agree with more? Give examples and places you have studied to
support your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2015)

I agree that producing power through small scale schemes is the best idea, since Pakistan
lies in a sub – tropical climate zone and 250 – 300 days in most of the areas like, Multan,
Faisalabad etc. are sunny; therefore, there is a wide scope for producing power through
solar power plants. Moreover, like Gharo Wind Project many coastal areas like Sonmiani,
Ormara have the potential to generate a large amount of power. Since most of these
renewable methods are excluded with the terminology of depletion, Pakistan can have a
cheap source of electricity. Furthermore, since bio – mass is easily available on large
scale & being a cheap source of energy Pakistan can develop its power production with
the aid of countries like China etc.

However, generating power through large scale scheme has its own limitations; as being
Non – Renewable energy resources; Pakistan can’t rely on them due to their depletion
rate. Moreover, constructing a nuclear power plant is a costly investment which also
requires the regulation of water. Since, coal and oil are not easily available in Pakistan;
the govt. can’t take the burden import expenses. Moreover, there is always a threat of
leakage of waste like in Nuclear Power Plant which may be great danger for the eco
system.

Therefore, constructing small scale projects will not only put fewer burdens on the
economy of Pakistan but will also help it to conserve more energy with less investment.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |8
Read the following two views about reducing the high unemployment rate in
Pakistan:

Unemployment levels are best reduced by increasing training opportunities

in agriculture and other primary sector jobs.

Unemployment is more likely to be reduced by providing education in skills

for manufacturing & service industries.

Which view do you agree with more? Give examples and places you have studied to
support your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2016)

I agree that reducing unemployment through primary sector is the best idea, since
Pakistan has an agrarian economy and has the potential to employ large work force
especially in agriculture and mining industries. Moreover, many mineral sites like
Mansehra in KPK and Panjgore in Balochistan are still unexplored / unexploited which
may require labour force leading towards curtailing unemployment. Furthermore, people
can be engaged in trainings and workshops for repairing agriculture and mining
machineries.

However, reducing unemployment through service industries has its own limitations; as
manual work in service industries is limited. With the induction of computers and
mechanization; manual work has been reduced, hence; the sector wont’ be able to cater
the unemployment rate. Moreover, due to tough competition in global market; skilled and
professional employees are required which may not fits in the criteria for unemployment
population.

Therefore, unemployment can best be reduced through primary industries; however, if a

grand stance to educate and provide training to the people is initiated by the govt. then it
would lead towards decrease in unemployment rate in even service sector.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit Page |9
Read the following two views about possibilities for industrial development
in Pakistan:

It is better for Pakistan to promote large scale industries which provide

more goods for domestic use and for other industries.

It is better for Pakistan to promote small scale and cottage industries in

rural areas.

Which view do you agree with more? Give examples and places you have studied to
support your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2016)

I agree that promoting small / cottage industries in rural areas is the best idea, since these
industries may provide an important source of income in the rural areas. Moreover, the
money will be re – invested locally and will definitely increase employment
opportunities. These developments will not only curtail rural – urban migration but will
also increase the export in Pakistan. Since small / cottage industries like some in Swat,
Quetta etc require low investment therefore these industries can also be utilized to re-
cycle the wastes from cotton and steel industries etc.

However, promoting large scale industries has its own limitations; as a very high capital
investment is required to set a formal industry like Steel or Textile industries.
Furthermore, the import of expensive raw material is also a burden on the economy;
which usually goes in vain due to change in govt. policies and political instability.
Moreover, large scale industries are also the major reason for deforestation in order to be
installed and in return the industrial waste which is produced may increases the
environmental pollution in the country.

Therefore, developing small / cottage industries will not only increase the GDP of the
country but if developed properly can fulfils the local demands of the country.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 10
1 statement (To what extent Questions)
To what extent do you think farmers should be trained to build small scale
irrigation projects and use the existing supplies of water more efficiently?
Give examples and places to support your answer

Using the existing supplies of water efficiently in Pakistan is possible as Pakistan has the
largest irrigation networks in the world. Farmers in Pakistan can be trained through
Agricultural Research Development Council to meet their irrigation needs through
developing small scale irrigation projects even in those areas where water is scarce. Like,
Karez System in Balochistan and Tank Irrigation methods in Punjab. These irrigation
methods are not only cheaper to develop but will also fulfils the irrigation requirements.

However, small scale irrigation projects have their own limitations. The network of
canals may lead to problems like Water logging and Salinity which is a menace to
agriculture. Moreover, the water table in Pakistan is gradually decreasing with the
increase in population and can affects the residential and industrial setups in the country.

Hence, if small irrigation networks are monitored and controlled carefully only then it
would be considered as a development in the Irrigation Network of Pakistan.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 11
To what extent is it possible to increase water supply in Pakistan?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2013)

Increasing the water supplies in Pakistan is possible as Pakistan has some of the largest
glaciers and rivers system. The Indus River itself has a greater discharge especially in the
months of June and July when most of the glaciers feed it along with its tributaries, like
Jhelum and Chenab etc. Moreover, the Arabian Sea present towards the south of Pakistan
can be utilized for desalination.

However, conserving water in Pakistan has its own limitations as due to hot climatic
areas along the Indus plains witness high evapo – transpiration rate which results in low
water table. Moreover, the reservoirs in Pakistan like Tarbela on Indus and Mangla on
Jhelum are less efficient due to the problem of siltation. Due to which most of the river
water is uselessly flown towards the sea. The ever increasing population in Pakistan is
also a major reason for less conservation of water.

Hence, if public awareness program can be conducted for less usage and more storage of
water; only then Pakistan can increase its water supplies efficiently.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 12
To what extent Industrial Development is possible in Pakistan?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

Industrial development is possible to a great extent in Pakistan since it is an agrarian

country and has the potential to set agro – based industries to a greater extent which will
not only provide more job employment opportunities but will also help to reduce the
Imports burden on Pakistan. Pakistan has a great potential to export its product
throughout the country and there are many places which have been developed for the
same. Special Industrial Zones (SIZ) are already set in order to increase the manufactured
goods to be utilized with in Pakistan; even though they are located in backward areas.
Moreover, Industrial Zones of Pakistan has already been functioning to provide the
industrial sector a helping hand to increase their exports in accordance with Free Trading
Zones and Trade Development Authority of Pakistan (TDAP).

However, there are some limitations as Pakistan is a brand oriented nation which
increases the demand of import goods. In order to reduce this burden the Industrialization
sector in Pakistan has to really work hard to meet the international standard by increasing
the quality of their products. Moreover, the products exported by Pakistan are either
processed or semi – processed which needs to be upgraded to manufactured product so
that more foreign exchange could be earned.

Hence if, the govt. of Pakistan pays more interest towards industrialization of the country
it should provide a subsidy in taxes to the industrialist so that foreign investors could be
attracted. This will not only provide an opportunity for a shift towards industrialization
but will also make the living standards better.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 13
To what extent is it possible to save and even increase the area of forest in
Pakistan?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – Oct / Nov 2014)

Saving and increasing the forest cover in Pakistan is possible as Pakistan has some forest
cover like Coniferous towards Northern areas, Chitral, Dir etc. Riveraine along the Indus
banks and Sub – Tropical Dry forests towards Punjab, Multan, Gujrat & Jhelum etc. but
in order to conserve and increase the forest cover; the Govt. of Pakistan must enforce
laws and rules on illegal timber cutting and different NGOs like AKRSP must play their
active role towards Afforestation and Reforestation projects.

However, conserving and increasing forest cover in Pakistan has its own limitations as
the demand of timber and wood has been increasing due to continuous urbanization in the
country. Being an agricultural country, the government of Pakistan always shows lack of
interest towards land clearings for agricultural purposes. Moreover, due to
mismanagement in the forestry department and lack of capital; many projects for
Afforestation and Reforestation like plantation of mangroves along the coast have not
produced the required target.

Hence, if public awareness program can be conducted for the importance of forest cover
by the Govt. along with initiation of Replanting strategies on large scale only then
Pakistan would be able to increase its current forest cover.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 14
To what extent could the improvement of rail, road and air transport may
improve the distribution of food supplies in Pakistan?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2013)

Development of rail, road and air transportation is possible in Pakistan; as introduction of
modern transportation network like Motorways, new and upgraded domestic airports and
services like Orange / Metro trains will definitely provide a quick service for the
distribution of food supplies. The air transport will hence be able to transport perishable
products to different cities whereas railways can be best used for bulky goods.
Furthermore, an updated network of roads will not only provide door to door service but
will also link food growing areas to their markets in a more convenient way.

However, development of transportation has its own limitations as due to poor

infrastructure facilities and lack of govt. funding; many of the developmental projects are
still in pipeline. The slow pace of developmental projects have not just increase the
congestion of transportation services but also created a negative impact upon the minds
of local people. Furthermore, the repair and maintenance cost of transportation services
may also increase the burden on the economy of Pakistan.

Hence, if development of transportation is carried out with lesser time of completion with
no extra burden on the economy then it will be the best source of distribution for food
supplies in Pakistan.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 15
To what extent better education and training could increase farm
production?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2014)

Increasing farm production in Pakistan through education and training is possible as

agriculture potential is greater. Yet, the production depends upon better education of
farming techniques and human inputs like high production seeds and processed
fertilizers. The farmers in Pakistan must utilize mechanization in their farming to boost
up the agricultural process. For a better production many organizations like Plant
Protection Department and Agricultural Development Research Council have to play
their effective role.

However, providing education and training to farmers in Pakistan has its own limitations
as many farmers have small land holdings due to which application of mechanization is
limited. The hold of landlords restricts many farmers to introduce new techniques in their
farms. Moreover, the climatic changes and old traditional irrigation methods like tank
irrigation and wells are also some of the limitations to increase farm production.

Hence if, new and easy to approach agricultural education and training centres are
introduced by the govt. only then, Pakistan can enjoy the maximum required farm yield
being an agricultural country.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 16
To what extent can Pakistan rely on fossil fuels to increase fuel and power
supplies?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2014)

Increasing energy supplies through fossil fuels in Pakistan is possible as Pakistan has
large reservoirs of Oil, Gas and Coal at Sui, Mari, Parkoh, Potowar Plateaus and Thar etc.
The sea ports present at Karachi like Port Qasim has already been a refining centre for
Crude Oil. Whereas, coal being a cheap fuel source can easily be converted into
electricity like in Thar Coal field. The IPI Gas pipeline projects have also provided new
doors to the smooth supply of Natural gas in Pakistan.

However, using fossil fuels in Pakistan has its own limitation as they are considered as
Non – Renewable Energy resources and if completely relied then may deplete at a faster
rate. Moreover, fossil fuel like crude oil is very expensive to import and countries like
Pakistan cannot afford it. Furthermore, transportation and leakage problems are also a
hindrance to the smooth supply of fossil fuels.

Hence if, the cost of production including the exploration and extraction expenses can be
curtailed down then Pakistan has all the potential to overcome its energy crisis.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 17
To what extent could a better road network increase development of small
and craft industries of Pakistan?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2014)

Development of small and craft industries is possible in Pakistan by upgrading the road
network as more remote areas will be connected. Better and easy to access roads will not
only provide a faster and safer route but will also provide an easy access to raw materials
and markets.

However, providing road network towards mountainous areas has its own limitations due
to continuous threats of land sliding and avalanches. Moreover, the people living in
remote areas have less marketing skills which may not provide them the opportunity to
earn more through their craft works and once the road network is made better; it will
allow the influence of imported cheap manufactured goods, which will definitely increase
the competition.

Hence if, better access to training is provided to crafts men in Pakistan, then it would not
only help maintaining better GDP but will also increase their economies by selling
souvenirs to the tourist.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 18
To what extent can agriculture be sustainable in Pakistan?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2014)

Practicing sustainable agriculture in Pakistan is possible as many areas in Pakistan don’t

practice over cropping / multi cropping methods. Yet, sustainability can only be achieved
if proper guidance and training is provided to the farmers in Pakistan regarding better soil
management techniques and restricting the use of heavy machineries. Chemical farming
is obsolete in most of the western countries and organic farming is practiced. The same
needs to be implemented in order to have a sustainable agriculture in Pakistan.

However, applying sustainable methods of agriculture has its own limitations as there is
always a high demand of more food and the farmers are reluctant to adopt new changes.
Uncooperative land lords and lack of govt. support may also restrict the implementation
of sustainable farming. Moreover, high prices of GM seeds and processed organic
fertilizers provide a resistance to approach sustainability in Pakistan.

Hence if, better irrigation techniques are introduced along with introduction of land
reforms and contour ploughing methods; only then sustainable agriculture can be
achieved in Pakistan.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 19
It has been proposed that a new motorway should be built in Sindh from
Hyderabad via Thatta to Keti Bander on the Indus Delta, a town with a
population not more than 25000. Explain why this motorway might be
needed? To what extent would this proposal be possible?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2015)

Constructing Motorway from Hyderabad via Thatta to Keti Bander is possible as it will
open a new route towards seaport and will definitely help reducing the pressure on
Karachi Port. It can also help to transport industrial goods and raw materials in a better
and faster way. Furthermore, with the presence of Indus Highway; the motorway will be
a less investment project that will not only initiate the industrial development but can also
serve as a transit route via Karachi Port to different cities of Sindh.

However, constructing the said motorway has its own limitations as Keti Bandar is a
Deltaic area which is rich in mangroves. Therefore, constructing a motorway might lead
to deforestation of mangroves. Furthermore, the presence of swaps will make this project
a bit difficult to be constructed and prone to floods. .

Hence if, the said motorway can only be economical if a high foreign funding or interest
is at stake since, the population density of the area is quite low too.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 20
To what extent can the development of renewable energy resources improve
the reliability of electricity supply in Pakistan?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2013)

Development of renewable energy resources in Pakistan is possible, as there are many
sites to produce renewable energy resources as a cheap source of power generation. Many
places in Pakistan like coastal areas; Makran Coast has the potential to generate power
through wind and solar energies. One such wind project is still working at Gharo, Sindh.
Moreover, to the north; Himalayas have even the potential to generate electricity through
Geo – Thermal Power Plant.

However, developing renewable energy resources has its own limitations as most of these
renewable energy production ways are very costly to install and repair. Moreover, the
energy produced by these resources is of low quantity and cannot be relied upon due to
sudden change in climatic conditions. Lack of technology and skills is another factor
which hinders the development in this section.

Hence if, better technology and skill is provided to Pakistan; it may result in extensive
conservation of electricity in Pakistan.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 21
The United Nation has predicted that the population of Pakistan may
double from 2010 to 2050.
To what extent can Pakistan increase its food supplies for this large
population?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2013)

Increasing the food supplies in Pakistan is possible, as there are many rivers present like
Jhelum, Chenab etc which could increase the irrigation network in Pakistan. Moreover,
organizations like Plant Protection Department (PPD), Agricultural Research &
Development Council (ARDC) has worked efficiently to provide nitrogenous fertilizers
and HYV seeds to the farmers of Pakistan. Better transportation system introduced to the
Agro – based industries has not only increase the GDP but also results in better storage of
and distribution of food source throughout the country.

However, increasing food supplies has its own limitations; as the induction of chemical
methods has not only reduced the fertility of the soil but the import’s burden has also
increased. Many areas of Pakistan which are still practicing the subsistence methods of
farming are resilient towards adopting new researches in the field of Agriculture. Lack of
capital investment and land ownerships have increased the pressure on the lands of
Pakistan.

Hence if, sustainable farming methods are introduced in the agricultural department along
with the consent and support of the Government only then Pakistan would be able to
increase its food production to meet the demand of its population.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 22
To what extent is it possible for marine fishing to be developed sustainably
in Pakistan?
Support your answer by giving examples you have studied.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2016)

Practicing Sustainable marine fishing is possible in Pakistan, as many laws have been
introduced by the Marine Fisheries like issuing quota license etc. Furthermore, if the
fishermen in Pakistan can be restricted to fish in the banned months like January, June &
July it will definitely be helpful for the breeding of fisher. Sustainability can also be
achieved if we could secure the fishing grounds from International Catch along with
adopting measures to reduce over fishing in Arabian Sea.

However, sustainable marine fishing has its own limitations as; the govt. of Pakistan
doesn’t have enough resources and capital which could enhance the sustainability.
Moreover, the deforestation of mangroves has also reduced the fish population in our
seas. Since many of the marine fishermen are subsistence fishermen therefore, lack of
skills and awareness is a major factor for un-sustainability in Pakistan.

Hence if, better methods could be adopted to reduce pollution from seas and laws / fines
are implemented upon it then marine sustainability could be achieved in Pakistan.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 23
It has been proposed that a large integrated iron and steel mill should be built
on the outskirts of Rawalpindi, Punjab.
80 km2 of the land will be cleared for the mill and new infrastructure will be
provided to the site by the local authorities. Large amount of raw material
will be brought onto the sight by road or rail and it is planned to produce up
to 3 million tonnes of finished steel per year.

Evaluate how the new integrated iron and steel mill will affect the local
people of Rawalpindi.
Give reasons to support your answer. You should consider BOTH benefits and
problems in your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2017)

Construction of new iron & steel industry is possible in Rawalpindi, as it will not only
generate employment opportunities but will also allow new settlement along the suburbs.
Recreational facilities and improvement of transportation network will add a benefit to
the local people of Rawalpindi. Moreover, since the raw material required for the Steel
and Iron industry is widely present near Kalabagh therefore, the construction of Steel and
iron industry will open doors for the trade along with initiation of many new related
industries. Hence, more revenue will be generated which will make Rawalpindi more
developed.

However, construction of a large scale industry like iron & steel near Rawalpindi has its
own limitations as; the induction of industrial development will not only attract migrants
but will also lead to congestion of population along with congestion in transportation. Air
pollution will also be major problem for the city. Since Rawalpindi caters Headquarters
of Armed Forces; and many delegates are visiting the vicinity; the construction of a large
scale industry might give a sore look to the natural beautification.

Hence if, industrial development in Rawalpindi can be attained by reducing deforestation

and natural beauty; this industry will also be a great boon for Pakistan Armed Forces in
the manufacturing of weapons etc.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 24
Evaluate whether using global telecommunication has improved
employment opportunities in Pakistan.
Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You
should consider different point of views in your answer.

(CIE Examinations – May / June 2017)

Using global telecommunication to improve employment opportunities is possible in
Pakistan, as it will not only boost the tertiary sector but will also improve the working
conditions in Pakistan. Furthermore, with the induction of data transport, video
conferencing, e – mail and instant messaging the transmission media have also expanded
from traditional copper wires to microwaves, terrestrial wireless, satellites and broadband
fiber transportation giving boost to the employment opportunities in Pakistan.

However, development of global telecommunication has its own limitations as; poor
electricity, outdated infrastructure facilities and load shedding problems have had
hampered its true essence. Moreover, due to low literacy level in Pakistan many people
find themselves incompetent enough which led towards fewer employment opportunities.

Hence if, global telecommunication has to be developed in Pakistan, the Govt. must
initiate technology based workshops and training programs for the public to make them
aware of the benefits of global telecommunication.

(GUIDE TO SOLVE ‘D’ TYPE QUESTIONS)

Prepared By: Syed Abdul Basit P a g e | 25