semana

03

INGLÉS

Present Simple
The present simple tense spicy food.
• its form • to talk about schedules - The library opens at eight.
• and its use. It doesn’t open at 7.
Before you continue the lesson read the following pas- • to talk about daily habits (routine actions) - Sara eats
sage and try to see how the verbs are formed and used. a cheese for breakfast every day. She doesn’t eat ce-
real.
James is a taxi driver. He drives • to give facts - The earth circles the sun. The moon
a taxi. But on Sundays he doesn’t doesn’t circle the sun.
drive his taxi. He stays at home. The spelling of the third person singular form of the sim-
The verb be, drive, stay are in the ple present:
simple present. All the verbs take an “s” in the simple present when con-
jugated in the third person singular (he, she, it) form:
The forms of the simple present Examples:
The affirmative form of the simple present: • I visit my parents every summer holiday. But my wife
visits her parents every weekend.
I, you, we, they play. • My brother meets his girlfriend everyday.
He, she, it plays.
So the rule is:
Remember the verbs in the third person singular (he,s- He / she / it + Verb + S
he and it) always take an “s”. For example, “he plays,
she sings, it works...” There are however some special cases. Here are the
spelling rules:
Examples:
• Nancy and James speak good German. Silent e Vowel + y Consonant Verbs Verbs ending
• Nancy works in a restaurant downtown. +y ending in s, z, sh,
• The children play in the garden every weekend. in o tch, ch
The interrogative form of the simple present: close = closes play = plays study = studies go = goes miss = misses
note = notes say = says marry = marries do = does buzz = buzzes
Do I, you, we, they hatch = hatches
play?
Does he, she, it finish = finishes
teach = teaches
Examples:
• Do you speak good German? Examples:
• Does Nancy work in a restaurant downtown? • She drives to work every morning.
The negative form of the simple present: • He says he plays football on the weekends

do not Exception:
I, you, we,they
don't • The verb to have changes its forms as follows:
play.
does not I have two sisters and two brothers. But she has one
He, she, it
doesn't sister and two brothers.
I have = he / she / it has
Examples:
• No, I don’t speak German. Things to remember about the simple present:
• No, she doesn’t work in a restaurant downtown 1. In the interrogative forms, we use “do” or “does”.
The use of the simple present: • “Do you like the house?”
The simple present is used: • “Does she go to school?”
• to give your opinion - I like ice cream. I don’t like

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 2. Verbs never take an “s” in the the negative and inte-
rrogative forms.
• “Does he speak German?”
• “Do they play soccer?”
• She doesn’t like ice cream.
3. don’t is the short form of “do not”. You can say either:
• I do not speak Italian, or
• I don’t speak Italian.
4. doesn’t is the short form of “does not”. you can say
either:
• He does not listen to jazz music, or
• He doesn’t listen to jazz music.
Exercises
Text 1: Flu or Cold?
Sometimes it can be difficult to tell the difference be-
tween a common cold and the flu. Both have many si-
milar symptoms, but they are actually two entirely diffe-
rent viruses. They appear similar because they are both
respiratory illnesses, which means that the virus affects
organs that work to help you breathe. They also are both
contagious, so they can both spread through contact
with other people who have the illness.
Symptoms of a cold are less severe than that of the flu.
With a cold, most people have a runny or stuffy nose,
sore throat, and they also sneeze frequently. Unlike the
flu, these symptoms progress gradually each day the vi-
rus is inside of you. With the flu, it is more likely that you
would be completely healthy one day and then extre-
mely sick the next.
Symptoms of the flu are more severe. A major diffe-
rence between a cold and the flu is the presence of a
fever. Generally, a fever is common with the flu, and rare
with a cold. Additionally, with the flu, body and muscle
aches are typical. The flu can also result in more serious
health problems, like pneumonia, if not treated. Unlike
the common cold, people can get flu shots before the
onset of flu season. Flu shots can protect you from some
kinds of flu viruses and can reduce the likelihood that
those viruses make you sick.
Because both the common cold and flu are viruses,
they cannot be cured with medicine; although over - the
counter medications can help make the symptoms feel
less severe.
1. Which of the following could be diagnosed as the flu?
A) “Hi Dr. Nussbaum. I don’t feel very well. I’ve had a
stuffy nose and cough for several days. I can do my
homework and go to school, but I thought I’d feel be-
tter by now.”
B) “Hi Dr. Nussbaum, I felt great yesterday, but terrible
today. I have been sneezing all day and am getting a
sore throat. Luckily, I don’t have a fever.”
C) “Hi Dr. Nussbaum, all of a sudden I feel terrible. It
hurts to walk, and I have a high fever and a bad cou-
gh. I don’t feel like going to school or doing much of
anything.”
2
D) “Hi Dr. Nussbaum, for the past week I’ve had a sto-
mach ache that’s gotten worse each day. I don’t have
a fever, but I’m sure something is wrong with me.”
2. Which of the following is a similarity between the cold
and flu?
A) You can get shots to protect you from the cold and flu
B) Both the cold and flu can result in fevers and body
aches
C) Medicines can’t cure them
D) Both the cold and flu come on suddenly
3. What is implied about the flu shot?
A) If you get the flu shot, you won’t get the flu
B) If you get the flu shot, you won’t get the flu or a cold
C) You should get the flu shot during flu season
D) If you get the flu shot, you still get the flu
4. Both the common cold and flu
A) affect the respiratory system.
B) result in high fevers.
C) can lead to pneumonia.
D) produce body and muscle aches
5. Which is a symptom of the flu, but not the common
cold?
A) cough
B) runny nose
C) sore throat
D) body pains
Text 2: “Inverted Jenny”
Airplanes are supposed to fly right side up, correct? If
you’ve ever seen the rare 1918 “Inverted Jenny” United
States stamp, you may think otherwise, or, at the very
least, may be confused. These rare stamps show a pla-
ne that appears to be flying upside down!
In 1918, the United States produced a 24 - cent postage
stamp honoring the Curtiss JN - 4 airplane, known at the
time as a “Jenny”. It was one of the first examples of an
air mail stamp. Air mail, which was transported via air-
plane, could arrive at its destination much faster than by
ground mail. At 24 cents, air mail stamps were far more
expensive than the typical three cent postage stamps of
the time. The Jenny stamp itself has vivid red framing
with a white background. The airplane is blue. The
stamps were printed in sheets of 100 and the red and
blue colors within the stamp required two trips throu-
gh the printing press. It could have been that a sheet of
printed frames was put into the press upside down or
the printing plate used to stamp the plane itself was up-
side down. Whatever the case, it is thought that only a
single sheet of Inverted Jenny stamps ever made it past
 the printing press. The vast majority of these stamps 7. Why was the inverted Jenny stamp much more expensive
were printed correctly. than a typical stamp of the day?
That said, word of the erroneous sheet of stamps
spread quickly and collectors rushed to their local post A) It was colorful unlike most stamps
offices. One lucky collector named William Robey was B) It was twenty - four cents
astonished to find the treasure at his local post office. C) It was very rare
He quickly purchased it for $24 and promptly sold the D) It was carried by airplane
sheet to a prominent stamp collector for $15,000 -
an enormous sum of money at the time. It was sold 8. Hinging stamps
again to a collector who thought the stamps would
be worth more individually and thus, detached many
A) makes them more valuable.
of the stamps from the original sheet and sold them
B) protects them over time.
to other collectors. Many of the buyers, however, hin-
ged the soon - to - be priceless stamps. Hinging was a C) make collectors want them more.
common practice at the time that collectors used to D) makes them less valuable.
display stamps in their stamp albums. Hinging stamps
damages the original gum on the back of the stamp that 9. Which of the following best describes why the latest in-
would be licked to adhere to a letter or package. A hin- verted Jenny stamp sold for $1.6 million dollars?
ged stamp cannot be in mint condition. Only six of the
original stamps are unhinged.
A) Because many inverted Jenny’s are counterfeited
Over time, many of the original stamps have been
B) Because many inverted Jenny’s have disappeared over
damaged, hinged, or destroyed, leaving few in mint
condition. Furthermore, many counterfeit versions are the years
thought to exist. Others have been stolen or disappea- C) Because few inverted Jenny’s are unhinged
red entirely. As the prices of the stamps rose, collectors D) Because more and more of these stamps are now do-
tried to document each of the original stamps. In 2018, cumented
one of the long lost Inverted Jennies was found again. It
was unhinged! On November 15th, 2018, it was sold at 10. What word could replace “astonished” as used in the
auction for just under $1.6 million dollars! sentence below?
One lucky collector named William Robey was astoni-
6. Why does the author claim that the 1918 inverted Jenny
shed to find the treasure at his local post office.
stamp may be confusing?

A) Because airplanes are supposed to fly right - si- A) surprised

de - up B) furious
B) Because airplanes are supposed to fly upside down C) curious
C) Because the inverted Jenny stamp is incredibly rare
D) devoted
D) Because 1918 was more than one hundred years ago

KEYS 01 - C
02 - C
03 - D
04 - A
05 - D
06 - A
07 - D
08 - D
09 - C
10 - A KEYS 3