WN#13 IOQM Prep by

Chapter: PJ sir

L – 13 (Algebraic Identities)

a 2  ab  b 2 b 2  bc  c2 c 2  ca  a 2
 xa   xb   xc 
1. Prove that:  b   c  a 1
x  x  x 

2. Expand :
2
 1 
(i)  2x   (ii) ( 3x2 5y)2
 3x 
2
1 1 
(iii) ( 2x  3y) ( 2x  3y)  (iv)  a  b  1 
4 2 

3. Simplify :
 1  1  2 1  4 1 
(i)  x   x   x  2  x  4 
 x  x  x  x 
(ii) 2x y2x y4x2 y2) 
(iii) (x + y – 2z)2 – x2 – y2 – 3z2 + 4xy

4. Evaluate :
(i) (107)2 (ii) (94)2 (iii) (0.99)2

1  1  1  4 1 
5. If x2 + = 23, find the values of  x   ,  x   and  x  4 
x2  x  x  x 

1
6. Prove that : a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca =  (a – b) 2  ( b – c) 2  (c  a ) 2  
2

7. If a + b + c = 9 and ab + bc + ca = 23, then find the value of a2 + b2 + c2.

8. Expand :
3
 1 2 
(i)    (ii) 4 3x3
 3x 5y 

9. Simplify :
3 3
 2  2
(i) (3x + 4)3 – (3x – 4)3 (ii)  x   x  
 x  x

10. Evaluate :
(i) (1005)3 (ii) (997)3

1 1
11. If x – = 5, find the value of x3 – 3
x x
12. Find the products of the following expression :
(i) (4x + 3y) (16x2 – 12xy + 9y2)
(ii) (5x – 2y) (25x2 +10xy + 4y2)

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13. Find the product of following expression :
(i) (3x – 4y + 5z) (9x2 + 16y2 + 25z2 +12xy – 15zx + 20yz)
(ii) (2a – 3b – 2c) (4a2 + 9b2 + 4c2 + 6ab – 6bc + 4ca)

14. If a + b + c = 9 and ab + bc + ac = 26, find the value of a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc

a  b2    b2  c2    c2  a 2 
2 3 3 3

15. Simplify : 
a  b   b  c  c  a 
3 3 3

16. Prove that : (x – y)3 +(y – z)3 + (z – x)3 = 3(x – y)(y – z)(z – x)
17. Find the value of (28)3 – (78)3 + (50)3

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 Solutions
a 2  ab  b 2 b 2  bc  c 2 c 2  ca  a 2
 xa   xb   xc 
1.  b  c  a
x  x  x 
 (x a  b )a
2
 ab  b 2
(x b c ) b
2
 bc  c 2
(x c a )c
2
 ca  a 2

= xa
3
 b3
 x  x 
b3  c3 c3  a 3

3
 b3  b3  c3  c3  a 3
xa  x0  1

2
 1   1  1 4 1
2. (i)  2x    (2x)  2(2 x)   
2
2
= 4x 2   2 .
 3x  3x
  (3 x) 3 9x
(ii) (3x2 + 5y)2 = (3x2)2 + 2(3x2)(5y) + (5y)2 = 9x4 + 30x2y + 25y2
(iii) ( 2 x – 3y)( 2 x + 3y) = ( 2 x)2 – (3y)2 = 2x2 – 9y2
2 2 2
1 1  1   1   1  1   1  1 
(iv)  a  b  1    a     b  + (1)2 + 2  a   b   2   b  (1)  2(2)  a 
4 2  4   2   4  2   2  4 
1 2 1 2 ab a
= a  b 1  b  .
16 4 4 2

 1  1  2 1  4 1   2 1  2 1  4 1 
3. (i)  x   x   x  2  x  4  =  x  2  x  2  x  4 
 x  x  x  x   x  x  x 
 2
 1    4 1   4 1  4 1 
=  (x 2 ) 2     x  4    x  4  x  4 
  x2    x   x  x 
 
2
 1 
= (x 4 ) 2   4 
x 
1
= x8  .
x8
(ii) (2x + y)(2x – y)(4x2 + y2) = [(2x)2 – (y)2](4x2 + y2)
= (4x2 – y2)(4x2 + y2) = (4x2)2 – (y2)2 = 16x4 – y4.
(iii) (x + y – 2z)2 – x2 – y2 – 3z2 + 4xy
= x2 + y2 + (– 2z)2 + 2(x)(y) + 2(y) (– 2z) + 2(– 2z)(x) – x2 – y2 – 3z2 + 4xy
= x2 + y2 + 4z2 + 2xy – 4yz – 4zx – x2 – y2 – 3z2 + 4xy
= z2 + 6xy – 4yz – 4zx.

4. (i) (107)2 = (100 + 7)2

= (100)2 + (7)2 + 2 ×100 × 7
= 10000 + 49 + 1400
= 11449
(ii) (94)2 = (100 – 6)2
= (100)2 + (6)2 – 2 × 100 × 6
= 10000 + 36 – 1200
= 8836
(iii) (0.99)2 = (1 – 0.01)2
= (1)2 + (0.01)2 – 2 × 1 × 0.01
= 1 + 0.0001 – 0.02
= 0.9801

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 1
5. x2 + = 23 ...(i)
x2
1
  x2 + 2 + 2 = 25 [Adding 2 on both sides of (i)]
x
2
1 1
  (x2) +   + 2  x  = 25
x x
2
 1
   x    (5) 2
 x
1
  x    5
x
2
  1
x   x  2 2
2

 x x
2
 
 x  = 23 – 2 = 21
 x
2
 
   x     21.
 x
2
 2    4 1 
x  2  x  4 2
 x   x 
 4 1 
  x  4  = (23)2 – 2 = 529 – 2
 x 
 4 1 
   x  4  = 527.
 x 

6. Here, L.H.S. a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca
1
=  2a 2  2b 2  2c 2  2ab  2bc – 2ca  
2
1
=  a 2  2ab + b 2  +  b 2  2bc + c 2   (c 2  2ca +a 2 )  
2 
1
=  a  b    b  c   (c  a) 2  
2 2

2  
= RHS Hence Proved.

7. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

(9)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(23)
a2 + b2 + c2 = 81 – 46
a2 + b2 + c2 = 35.

3
 1 2 
8. (i)   
 3x 5y 
3 3
 1   2   1   2  1 2 
       3      
 3x   5y   3x   5y  3x 5y 
1 8 1  1 2 
= 3
 3
   
27x 125y 5xy  3x 5y 
1 8 2 4
=   
27x 125y 15x y 25xy 2
3 3 2

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 (ii) (4 + 3x)3 = (4)3 + (3x)3 + 3(4)(3x)(4 + 3x)
= 64 + 27x3 + 36x (4 + 3x)
= 64 + 27x3 + 144x + 108x2

9. (i) (3x + 4)3 – (3x – 4)3

= [(3x)3 + (4)3 + 3(3x) (4) (3x + 4)] – [(3x)3 – (4)3 – 3(3x) (4) (3x – 4)]
= [27x3 + 64 + 36x (3x + 4)] – [27x3 – 64 – 36x (3x – 4)]
= [27x3 + 64 + 108x2 + 144x] – [27x3 – 64 – 108x2 + 144x]
= 27x3 + 64 + 108x2 + 144x – 27x3 + 64 + 108x2 – 144x
= 128 + 216x2.
3 3
 2  2
(ii)  x     x  
 x  x
3 3
2  2  2 2  2  2
 x 3     3(x)    x    x 3     3(x)    x  
x  x  x x  x  x
8 12 8 12 24
 x 3  3  6x   x 3  3  6x   2x 3  .
x x x x x

10. (i) (1005)3 = (1000 + 5)3

= (1000)3 + (5)3 + 3 (1000) (5) (1000 + 5)
= 1000000000 + 125 + 15000 (1000 + 5)
= 1000000000 + 125 + 15000000 + 75000 = 1015075125.
(ii) (997)3 = (1000 – 3)3
= (1000)3 – (3)3 – 3 × 1000 × 3 × (1000 – 3)
= 1000000000 – 27 – 9000 × (1000 – 3)
= 1000000000 – 27 – 9000000 + 27000
= 991026973.

1
11. We have, x – =5 ...(i)
x
3
 1
  x   = (5)3 [Cubing both sides of (i)]
 x
1 1  1 1  1
 x  3  3x    x    125   x  3  3  x    125
3 3

x x  x x  x
1  1
x3 – 3 –3 × 5 = 125 [Substituting  x   = 5]
x  x
1 1
  x 3  3  15  125  x 3  3  (125  15)  140
x x
12. (i) (4x + 3y) (16x2 – 12 xy + 9y2)
= (4x + 3y) [(4x)2 – (4x) × (3y) + (3y)2]
= (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) [Where a = 4x, b = 3y]
= a 3 + b3
= (4x)3 + (3y)3 = 64x3 + 27y3.
(ii) (5x – 2y) (25x2 + 10xy + 4y2)
= (5x – 2y) [(5x)2 + (5x) × (2y) + (2y)2]
= (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2) [Where a = 5x, b = 2y]
= a3 – b3
= (5x)3 – (2y) = 125x3 – 8y3.

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13. (i) (3x – 4y + 5z)(9x2 + 16y2 + 25z2 + 12xy .15zx + 20yz)
Let, a = 3x, b = – 4y, c = 5z
= (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
= (a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc)
= (3x)3 + (– 4y)3 + (5z)3 – 3(3x)(– 4y)(5z)
= 27x3 – 64y3 + 125z3 +180 xyz
(ii) (2a – 3b – 2c)(4a2 + 9b2 + 4c2 + 6ab – 6bc + 4ca)
Let x = 2a, y = – 3b, z = – 2c
= (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
= (x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz)
= (2a)3 + (– 3b)3 + (– 2c)3 – 3(2a)(– 3b)(– 2c)
= 8a3 – 27b3 – 8c3 – 36abc

14. We have a + b + c = 9 ...(i)

  (a + b + c)2 = 81 [On squaring both sides of (i)]
  a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ac) = 81
  a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 × 26 = 81 [ ab + bc + ac = 26]
  a2 + b2 + c2 = (81 – 52)
  a2 + b2 + c2 = 29.
Now, we have
a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
= (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac)
= (a + b + c) [(a2 + b2 + c2) – (ab + bc + ac)]
= 9 × [(29 – 26)]
= (9 × 3) = 27.
15. Here, a2 b2 b2 c2 c2 a2 0
 a2 b2 3 b2 c23 c2 a23 = 3a2 b2b2 c2 c2 a2 
Also, a bb cc a0
 a b3 b c3 c a3 =3a bb cc a
3(a 2  b 2 )(b2  c2 )(c 2  a 2 )
  
3(a  b)(b c)(c a)
3(a  b)(a  b)(b  c)(b  c)(c  a)(c  a)
  
3(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)
= (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

16. Let (x – y) = a, (y – z) = b and (z – x) = c.

Then, a + b + c = (x – y) + (y – z) + ( z – x) = 0
 a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
or (x – y)3 + (y – z)3 + (z – x)3 = 3(x – y) (y – z) (z – x).
17. Let a = 28, b = – 78, c = 50
Then, a + b + c = 28 – 78 + 50 = 0
 a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc.
So, (28)3 + (–78)3 + (50)3 = 3 × 28 × (–78) × 50 = – 327600.

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