Russia[edit]

A regular S-400 battalion consists of at least eight launchers with 32 missiles and a mobile
command post.[98] On 21 May 2007, the Russian Air Force announced that S-400 would be put on
combat duty around Moscow and Central Russia by 1 July 2007. [99] The S-400 was also deployed
near the town of Elektrostal.[100]
On 6 August 2007, the first regiment equipped with S-400 entered active service in Moscow
Oblast near Elektrostal, according to Channel One Russia. This was the 606th Guards Anti-air
Rocket Regiment, 9th PVO Division, 1st PVO Corps, of the Special Purpose Command.[101]
On 8 February 2008, Lt. Gen. Vladimir Sviridov announced that Russia would be replacing the S-300
systems in the Northwest of Russia with the S-400. Russian military experts expected that Russia
plans for this system to be in place and represent a major component of their ballistic missile
defense system until 2020.[102]
In September 2006, Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov announced a new state program of
armaments for 2007–15. This program provides for the purchase of 18 missile battalions of S-400s.
[103]

On 17 March 2009, Russia's defense minister announced that a second regiment equipped with
advanced S-400 Triumf air defense missile systems had been put into combat service.[104]
On 26 August 2009, the General Staff said S-400 systems had been deployed in the Russian Far
East to counter possible North Korean missile tests and prevent fragments from falling onto Russian
territory.[98]
In February 2011, a second unit of S-400 missile systems was deployed at Dubrovki, north of
Moscow. The 210th Air Defense Regiment consists of two battalions, each consisting of eight launch
points, each with four missiles.[105] In February 2011, it was also announced that the missile system
will be deployed in the southern Kuril Islands "to protect Russia's sovereignty in the Far East".[106]
The Baltic Fleet in Kaliningrad received S-400 SAM systems which went into operational status in
April 2012.[107] One S-400 divizion is deployed on combat duty in the Russian far east city Nakhodka.
[108]

As of 2012, one system (in Electrostal) was operational, with three more S-400 battalions being
deployed. All 56 battalions will be delivered by 2020. [109][needs update] Russia is also setting up two
regiments of S-400 in the Eastern Military district.[110]
As of September 2013, the Russian Armed Forces had five S-400 regiments: two in Moscow, one in
the Pacific fleet, one in the Baltic Fleet, and one in the Southern Military District. From 2014, the
army was to receive two to three sets of regimental units of S-400 systems every year. [111] Another S-
400 regiment was to be put on combat duty around Moscow by the end of 2013. Russia plans to
have 28 S-400 regiments by 2020, each comprising two or three battalions with four systems each,
mainly in maritime and border areas.[112]
In November 2015, it was announced that when the Kirov-class battlecruiser Admiral Nakhimov will
be recommissioned to the Russian Navy in 2018, it will be equipped with the 48N6DMK anti-aircraft
missile derived from the land-based S-400. The inclusion of the 48N6DMK into the Kirov's arsenal
extends its air defense range from 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi) with the 48N6E2 missile from the S-
300FM to 250 km (160 mi; 130 nmi).[113][needs update] Northern Fleet Commander Adm. Vladimir Korolev
commented in that same year that Russia's Northern Fleet's Coastal Forces had deployed S-400s. [114]
[115]

On 1 March 2016, the acting commander of the 14th Air Force and Air Defense Army, major general
Vladimir Korytkov, said that six S-400 units had been activated according to his order in the anti-
aircraft missile regiment of the Novosibirsk air defense formation in Russia's Novosibirsk Oblast.
  TASS also reported that as of the end of 2015, a total of eleven Russian missile regiments were
[116]

armed with S-400, and by the end of 2016 their number was expected to increase to sixteen. [116]
2015 Russian military intervention in Syria[edit]
Main article: Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
In November 2015, it was reported S-400 will be deployed to Syria, along with the contingent of
Russian troops and other military hardware in the course of the air campaign conducted by the
Russian forces on the side of the Syrian government.[117] However, those claims were refuted by
Russia.[118] On 25 November 2015, the Russian government announced it would deploy S-400s in
Syria as a response to the downing of its Su-24M jet by Turkey.[119] On 26 November 2015,
deployment of S-400 air defense systems to Syria was underway. [120] The first S-400 unit was
activated at the Khmeimim Air Base in Latakia Governorate.[121]
In April and July 2017, a second S-400 unit was activated 13 km northwest of Masyaf, Hama
Governorate.[121]

Belarus[edit]
In 2011, State Secretary of the Union State of Russia and Belarus Pavel Borodin has stated that
Russia will supply the S-400 air defense system to Belarus. [122]

China[edit]
In March 2014, it was announced that Russian President Vladimir Putin had given authorization to
sell the S-400 system to China. [123] On 13 April 2015, the chief executive of the Russian state-run
arms trader Rosoboronexport confirmed that China secured a contract for the purchase of the S-400
air defence systems.[124] Delivery of the system began in January 2018.[125] China test fired Russian S-
400 systems for the first time in early August 2018.[126][127]
The acquisition of S-400, reported to initially consist of six batteries, significantly improved the
country's ability to defend its own air space and served as an effective stand-off weapon against air
attacks. With a 400 km (250 mi) coverage range, aircraft in disputed areas off the coast could be
targeted by SAMs from the mainland; all of Taiwan could be covered from Fujian, and the Diaoyu
Islands could be covered from Shandong, making it difficult for the US and Japan to deploy combat
aircraft over those airspaces. Taiwan sought to address these potential advantages by locating
activated S-400 batteries using extensive signals intelligence units and destroying them with stand-
off weapons, cruise and ballistic missiles, and anti-radiation missiles.[128]

Turkey[edit]
In late 2017, the president of Turkey and Russian officials signed a US$2.5 billion agreement for
delivery of the S-400 air defence system units.[129][130] The US Secretary of State raised concerns over
the deal,[131] but President Erdogan and other Turkish officials rejected the US threat of sanctions,
citing existing international protocols agreed to by Turkey and Russia and that the S-400 offer with
Russia was a better deal than the MIM-104 Patriot system offered by US.[132] Turkey received its first
installment of the Russian S-400 missile defense system on 12 July 2019. [133] The US threatened
Turkey with CAATSA sanctions[134][135] and on 17 July suspended Turkey from the F-35 program,
stating "F-35 cannot coexist with a Russian intelligence collection platform that will be used to learn
about its advanced capabilities".[136] As of 2020, 4 batteries consisting of 36 fire units, and 192+
missiles were delivered to Turkey.[137]

Saudi Arabia[edit]
In September 2009, it was reported that the S-400 was a part of a US$2 billion arms deal being
negotiated between Russia and Saudi Arabia.[138] The agreement was reportedly delayed due to
Saudis trying to acquire the more advanced S-400 but Russia was willing to sell only the S-300 air
defence systems at the time.[139] In November 2019, it was reported that the deal had still not been
finalized.[140]

India[edit]
On 15 October 2016, during the BRICS Summit, India and Russia signed an Inter-governmental
Agreement (IGA) for the supply of five S-400 regiments. [141] The US$5.43 billion deal (₹40,000 crore)
was formally signed on 5 October 2018, ignoring threat of US sanctions. [142] The deliveries are
expected to commence by the end of 2020[143][144][145] and brought into service in October 2020. [146] The
United States threatened India with sanctions over India's decision to buy the S-400 missile defense
system from Russia because India chose S-400 over American origin Patriot PAC 3.[147]
In March 2021, U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin discussed India's planned purchase of
Russia's S-400 air missile system and threatened India with sanctions for buying S-400