2ND Quarter English 8 Lesson 14 Week 7

Understanding Rhetorical
Literature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Preliminaries:

I: Objective
Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of: East Asian literature as an art form inspiredand
influenced by nature; relationship of visual, sensory, and verbal signals in both literary and
expository texts; strategies in listening to long descriptive and narrative texts; value of literal and
figurative language; and appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to patterns of
idea development.

Performance Standard
The learner transfers learning by composing and delivering a brief and creative entertainment
speech featuring a variety of effective paragraphs, appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions in topic development, and appropriate prosodicfeatures, stance, and behavior.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

1. Recognize positive and negative messages conveyed in a text.

Content:
Literature: “Bones”

Grammar: Understanding Rhetorical Devices

Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions
 2ND Quarter English 8 Lesson 14 Week 7

Understanding Rhetorical
Literature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Activity : Decipher the meaning of words

There are many unfamiliar words that have been used in the selection. Read the sentences to
decipher the meaning of the words. Then, write the meaning on the spacefor answers

1. Oh, my hat, there it is. Kwaheri, kwaheri

2. Kanubhai, a Hindu trader, wears a dhoti and a cap

3. Hey, banakuba. I want meat

4. The woman wears a khanga

Understand the meaning of the italicized words as they are used in the sentencesEncircle the
letter of the correct answer.

1. Father fumbled through the pages of the newspaper eagerly searching for the resultsof the
winning number in the lottery.

a. shuffled b. folded c. arranged d. sorted

2. The coy lady hardly opens her mouth nor looks at the guests when they asked for hername,

a. funny b. pretty c. shy d. brave

3. When pestered by the inspector about his license, the butcher readily gave awaywhat he
wanted.

a. harassed b. questioned c. requested d. entertained

 2ND Quarter English 8 Lesson 14 Week 7

Understanding Rhetorical
Literature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Activity :Reading is fun

Bones
Translated by Sadru Kassam

Characters
The Butcher
Dongo, a health inspector
Kanubhai, a Hindu trader
Customers: a woman and a girl

Scene: At a butcher’s shop. A sign reads: SALEM BIN AWADH, The Big Butcher, P.O. MAJI
MOTO, Coast Region.” On one wall is a painting of a bull and on another, a picture of the
BUTCHER slaughtering another bull. There are notices reading: “FRESH MEAT” and WELCOME.”

SCENE 1:
(The shop is tolerably clean and tidy. The butcher wears an almost white coat and his hair is
combed. He sings as he arranges his meat to conceal its shortcomings. A joint falls to the
ground; he looks to see if anyone is around, then picks it up, and brushes itbefore replacing it,
clean side upwards. He spits and scratches himself vigorously. He starts dividing some meat int
smaller sections with a large knife, swinging the blade dangerously. At length he cuts himself,
shrieks, prances around, tends his bleeding finger, wipes the blood off on a piece of meat, and
sucks the wound. The woman is heard singing as she approaches. She enters, wearing khanga.)

Woman: Eee, banakuba! How are you?

Butcher: Me? Very well, mama, very well. You want meat?
Woman: Yes, banakuba, I want meat. How’s your meat? Is it good?
Butcher: Very good, mama. Good and fresh. Can’t you see me in the picture thereslaughtering a
bull?
Woman: From what part will you give me?
Butcher: Any part you want, mama. Whatever you ask for, I’m here to serve you.
(He sharpens his knife on his file
Woman: I want some of that. I hope it’s fresh.
Butcher: Completely fresh, mama; number one. How much do you want? Woman: Aaah! A
shilling’s worth only, unless you want to give me more on credit.Butcher: No, no, no, not
today.
(The Butcher cuts a small piece from the woman has chosen and then begins tocut larger
pieces from another to cut larger pieces from another joint.)

Woman: Ahhh, I want a part of that only.

Butcher: Yes, but you want good and fresh meat, don’t you? This is very good.See…excellent!
Number 1! I tell you.
Woman: (Violently) I don’t want.
Butcher: Okay, your wish. Is this the one you want?
Woman: That’s it. Now you know it.
(He puts some meat on the scales, and is about to add several bones.) Woman:
What’s the you’re doing there? I didn’t ask for stones. I don’t want them.Remove them at
once.
Butcher: Mama, they aren’t stones. They are very good bones with plenty of meat onthem.
See…excellent! Grade one!
Woman: And what I to do with bones? I’m not a dog.
(He finishes weighing the meat and wraps it. The woman takes out a small pouchand offers
money which she draws back at the butcher tries to snatch it so that he pitches across his
counter before she gives it to him.)

Butcher: Here it is, mama, your meat.

Woman: And here’s your money…unless you don’t want it.
Butcher: Eh, why not? Thank you, mama, thank you very much. God help you.
Woman: Ok, Banakuba, good-bye.
(As the woman is going out, she bumps into Dongo as he enters.)
Dongo: Good morning, mama.
Woman: Good morning, bother.
Dongo: What’s the quarrel with the butcher?
Woman: Aaaa, nothing.
Dongo: Weren’t you complaining of ill treatment? I heard you shouting.
Woman: No, no, no. I was just joking with him. That butcher is a very nice man, youknow.
Dongo: I see. Ok, good-bye.
Woman: Good-bye. (Exit)
(A girl enters, dressed in a dirty, tattered frock and carry a kikapu.)
Girl: Get me half a pound of meat, please. Nice—like you. Give me very good meat, and no bones,
please.
Butcher: No, no, no. No bones. Just a little one for your father.
Girl: No. My father has no teeth.
Butcher: Oh, I see. (Dongo has been clearing his throat loudly to attract the butcher's attention.)
Dongo, Mr. Dongo! Just come over here, please. I'm delighted to see you. How are you?

Dongo: Excellent, thank you. And you?

Butcher: Aaaa, not well at all, because you know you still haven't endorsed my trading license.
Please do it just now. Only one week is left before the closing date.

(Dongo stands as if ready to receive a gift. He looks away, pauses, then looks back at his hand as
if surprised to see it empty.)

Dongo: Your trading license? Hasn't anyone taught you how to get it? (The butcher shakes his
head). Just look at your shop! (Dongo sweeps a pile of scraps from the counter onto the floor.)
See, the whole floor is littered with scraps and bones. When did you last sweep it? (Dongo wipes
his hands, now covered with blood from the meat, on the butcher's apron.) And why is your apron
dirty? Where is your file? (Dongo takes the file and breaks it in two.) Why is it broken? (He runs
his hands through the butcher's hair, ruffling it.) And why have you not combed your hair? Who
made you a big butcher? Look, you must get things in order before pestering me to endorse your
license. Do you understand that?

Butcher: I….I, I'm so sorry. I didn't know about these things. If... you return next week, I promise
everything will be in order. But please, I must have the license endorsed by next Monday.

Dongo: That's your business. I'm warning you; if everything is not ready by next week, you won't
get your license. Is that clear?

Butcher: Yes, yes. Everything will be in order next week. I promise.

Dongo: Your business, (Exit)

Girl: Come on, where's my meat?

Butcher: Oh, dear, yes I'm sorry, I won't be a minute. Here it is. (She exits. The butcher survey his
shop in despair.) What's to be done? And that girl, she didn't pay me. Which way did she go? Too
late: she's gone. (Enter Kanubhai, a Hindu trader, in dhotí and
cap. He holds his nose in disgust ax he presses the butchers shop.) Kanubhai! Oh, Kanubhai!
Just come over here please, quick

Kanubhai: Come near your stinking meat? No, no, no, never!

Butcher: Ah, this old man (He comes from his shop and crosses to Kanubhai.) Please help me.
You know that health inspector, he's refusing to endorse my trading license, I whitewashed my
shop and I bought a new apron, but still he comes and asks me why my shop's dirty and why my
hair is not stylishly done, and what not. What am I to do?

Kanubhai: That man! I know him. He's a dog. He's hungry,

Butcher: Hungry?

Kanubhai: Yes, hungry. He wants some bones. (He pretends to snarl.)

Butcher: Bones?

Kanubhai: Yes, bones. You still don't understand? (He takes out some coins, jingles them, and
pretends to eat them, snarling as he does so.) He wants bones, bones!

(As Kanubhai exits, the butcher leaps joyfully into the air, claps his hands, and returns
purposefully to his shop.)

SCENE 2

(The same scene a week later. The floor is littered with rubbish. The butcher's apron is filthy Rusty
knives and broken implements lie around.)

Announcer: The same scene. One week later.

(The butcher stretches, yawns, scratches himself, spits on the floor, kicks at the rubbish.Enter
Dongo; he coughs. The butcher works at his counter, pretending not to have seenDongo, who
strolls with exaggerated casualness up to the shop. The butcher looks up pretending surprise.)

Butcher: Oh, Dongo! Good morning. How are you?

Dongo: Mmm! Not so well.

Butcher: Not well? I'm very sorry. Anyway, I hope you've come to endorse my license.Endorse
your license? Just like that? With such dirty shop?
Dongo: Oh, by the way, Mr. Dongo, I almost forgot: I have something for you. I thought you might
like a few bones to take home.

(The butcher hands Dongo a small package.)

Dongo: Bones? Bones? What should I want with bones? As he fumbler with the package, a couple
of coins fall out. He chases after them and then slips the package in his pocket.) Oh bones, bones!
That's very thoughtful of you. They will come in very handy. (He smiles broadlv.) Mr. Awadh, your
shop looks really clean today. See - no cobwebs, a clean scale, a new broom, a dustbin outside.
It's the way we want it Don't worry about your hair. Come on, give me those forms. The butcher
hands him the forms. Dongo takes out a pen, starts to sign but finds the nib is broken.) Just lend
me your pen, please. Something's gone wrong with mine.

Butcher: Certainly, certainly. I'm at your service.

(The butcher hands over his pen, which Dongo examines admiringly.)

Dongo: Eh, you've bought a new pen. (He finishes signing and slips the pen into his own pocket.)
Well, that's done. Now you'll be all night. Ok, Mr. Awadh, kwaheri.

Butcher: Thank you. Kwaheri, kwaheri.

Dongo: Kwaheri.

Butcher: Kwaheri.

(Dongo goes out and then returns for his hat, which he had put on the counter whilesigning.)

Dongo: Ah, my hat, there it is. Kwaheri, kwaheri.

Butcher: Kwaheri. (Dongo goes out. The butcher returns to his work. Enter the woman. She
surveys the shop, screws up her face, holds her nose, and walks past with her head in the
air.) Hello, mama! Good morning. (She eyes him soul. Aren't you coming to buy mea today?

Woman: Just look at your shop! And at yourself! Dirty and stinking! I'm not going to buy mea from
you anymore. I'm going to the next butcher, to a cleaner shop (Exit.)

Butcher: But mama, mama. I have my license. Listen (He reads.) "Certified clean andfit to see
meat for human consumption." Mama! Mama!
(curtain)
 2nd Quarter English 8 Lesson 14 Week 7

Understanding Rhetorical Devices

Literature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Activity : Clarifying

Clarify and express the meaning of the italicized sentences in your own words.

1. Woman: What's that you're doing there? I didnt ask for stones. I don't want them.
Remove them at once.

2. Butcher: Mama, they aren't stones They are very good bones with plenty of meat on
them. See. excellent! Grade one!

3. Girl: Get me half a pound of meat, please. Nice—like you.

4. Kanubhai: That man! I know him. He's a dog. He hungry.

5. Kanubhai: Yes, hungry. He wants some bones.

Answer the following:

1. Describe Butcher in your own words.

2. What kind of inspector is Dongo? Cite instances to prove your answer

3. If you were the city health inspector, what charges would you probably make against

butcher? Why?

4. Why do city health inspectors inspect meat stalls in market places? Is this really
needed? What do they check? What is the penalty for selling "botcha" meat?

5. Do you find the selection relevant? Why?

 2nd Quarter English 8 Lesson 14 Week 7

Understanding Rhetorical Devices

Literature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Concept Notes

Reading a Scene Aloud

Part of the enjoyment of drama is to be found in orally interpreting characters' lines.

Together with four classmates, assume the roles of the characters in the selection.
Read the whole selection once again. First, read silently, paying close attention to stage
directions. Then, read the lines aloud.

Understanding Rhetorical Devices

A rhetorical device is a technique that an author or a speaker uses to achieve particular

emphasis or effect. Two examples of common rhetorical devices are the hyperbole and
the litotes. While the hyperbole states an exaggeration, the litotes expresses an
understatement by means of double negatives.

Study the following examples.

Hyperbole: I am so hungry that I could eat an elephant.

Litotes: When lunch was served, the campers almost left no food untouched.

SATIRE

Satire is a literary genre which exposes vices, mistakes, and shortcomings of individuals
or of society — with the hope that there will be some improvements afterwards.

The writer of a satire feels that it is his obligation to write about the erring condition for
the benefit of humanity. The purpose of the writer is to persuade by using literary
techniques such as exaggeration, irony, parody, or understatement.

It must be understood that the idea of a satire is not for the readers to laugh at the
persons or make fun of the ideas, but to see what is wrong in the situation and adopt
the necessary changes.
The selection "Bones" is an example of a satire. Analyze the techniques which the
writer used to put across his ideas.

by using exaggeration

Exaggeration is a representation of something in an excessive manner. Read this

example taken from the selection

"What's that you're doing there? I didn’t? ask for stores

(Stones is an exaggeration. What does the word stones imply?)

by using irony

Irony employs the use of words that convey meaning that is the opposite of its literal
meaning. Look for the following part in the dialogue, and explain why this is an example
of irony.

"…Mr. Awadh, your shop looks really clean today. See - no cobwebs, a clean scale, a
new broom, a dustbin outside. It's the way we want it. Don't worry about your
hair. Come on, give me those forms"

How did the selection appeal to you? What message was the author trying to put
across? Why do you think did he write this selection?
 Understanding Rhetorical
DevicesLiterature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Concept Notes

Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Quotations

There are many changes that are observed when direct quotations are changed
into indirect quotations, or vice-versa.

Check out the following examples.

1. From direct quotation with quotation marks to indirect quotation without

quotation marks

The woman said, "The price of the meat was too high." The woman said that the
price of the meat was too high.

2. From direct quotation with first person pronoun to indirect quotation with a
change of pronoun.

The butcher said, "I need a license." The butcher said that he needed a license.

Note the change in the verb tense.

3. From direct quotation with command to indirect quotation with verb + to

"Get everything ready by next week." Mr. Dongo ordered his secretary Mr. Dongo
order his secretary to get everything ready by next week.
THINGS TO REMEMBER:

• A rhetorical device is a technique that an author or a speaker uses to achieve particular

emphasis or effect. Two examples of common rhetorical devices are the hyperbole and
the litotes.
• Satire is a literary genre which exposes vices, mistakes, and shortcomings of
individuals or of society — with the hope that there will be some improvements
afterwards.
• Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Quotations

1. From direct quotation with quotation marks to indirect quotation without

quotation marks.

2. From direct quotation with first person pronoun to indirect quotation with a
change of pronoun.

3. From direct quotation with command to indirect quotation with verb + to

 2nd Quarter English 8 Lesson 14 Week 7
Understanding Rhetorical Devices:
Literature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Seatwork #1

Identify whether the following statements press a hyperbole or a litotes. Write H or L on

the blank.

1. Mother cried a river when she learned that her son had been captured by the
rebels.

2. It was really not a bad idea to implement the truck ban during certain days of
the week to ease the traffic situation in the city.

3. Not unlike his father, Diego liked reading poetry a lot.

4. His election as President was, for him, an impossible dream come true.

5. None of the people here were disappointed over the amendments.

6. Children should be discouraged from carrying bags almost double their weight.

7. Nobody dissented with the opinion of the teacher.

8. He would dive into the deepest ocean just to prove his love for her.

9. She watched him as he walked away until he got lost in the dark.

10. She could never disclaim her feelings for her beloved.
 2nd Quarter English 8 Lesson 14 Week 7
Understanding Rhetorical Devices:
Literature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Seatwork #2

A. Change the following direct quotations to indirect quotations

1. The girl said, "I want good meat."

2. The butcher said, "I am at your service."

3. Mr. Kanubhai told the butcher. "Give him some bones."

4.The people said, "We want strict health inspection rules."

5 The Association of Market Vendors said. "We must renew our license."

B Change the following indirect quotations to direct quotations.

1. The consumers said that the price of meat and chickens should go down

2. Mr. Thomas, a poultry raiser, said that he couldn't get enough feeds for his chickens.

3. The City Health Inspector ordered the vendors to sell only good meat in the markets,

4. Mrs. Santos asked the inspector to issue her inspection certificate.

5. Dr. Tan said that he couldn't give any health certificate to me.
 2nd Quarter English 8 Lesson 14 Week 7
Understanding Rhetorical Devices:
Literature: “Bones”
Sentence Structure: Direct and Indirect Questions

Performance task

As concerned citizens, what can you do to help the

government in its campaign for sanitary food sold in market
places?