INT 2NDINT

PARASITE A.K.A. EGG ADULT INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC. HOST HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx
Trichuris Whip Embryonated DFS Unembryo LI, Whip -Prolapse of Anus F-O-R Yup Albendazole
trichiura worm Egg in soil/feces eggs in feces inserted -IDA, Alb, D (fecal-
into wall -Sometimes oral route) 80-90% Mebendazole
appendicitis
no migration -symptoms due to warm, Oxantel-
Barrel-S, 2 plugs M – curved 360 phase to lungs unique mode of tropical Pyrantel
unembryo F – blunt; stichocytes embryonated in soil regions
attachment
Enterobius Seat Embryonated ova Scotch tape Ileum of SI, 1) site - ulceration H-M Yup Mebendazole
Vermicularis Worm Swab Cecum,LI man 2) eggs - prupritus (hand-mouth) (F>M)
3) migration Pyrantel
Pin spindle-S, cephalic ala, Embryonated Gravid female -vulvuvag & inhalation pamoate
worm D-shape, football corpus, isthmus, bulb Eggs Migrates to salphingitis
M – curved tail Perianal area Retro
F – pointd tail infection
Trichinella Encysted larvae in Tissue biopsy Muscle tissue -Rheumatic pain Ingestion of yup Thiabendazole
Spiralis Inad cooked pork of man, pigs (intestinal flu) encysted
Xenodiagnosis - M eosin larvae in Corticosteroid
-swollen eyelids pork (for allergic rxn)
thread-like ; F – blunt; Bachman -3 stages of inf:
larva – w/ spearlike M – curved w/ 2 lobular Intradermal test intest,larval,encap Mebendazole?
burrowing tip
appendages; -Stage of conval
A-end- non-papillated - death due to Ref (5F 20d,
Myocard or enceph 20F10d, 20F 6d)
Capillaria Larva in raw fish DFS SI (jejunum ) -int mal-ab Ingestion Yup Mebendazole
Philippinensis -eggs (E) of fish, man -Borborygmi Of larva (M>F)
Eggs embryonate in -larva (L) -Ab Pain In raw I. Norte Albendazole
Fresh water -adults (A) larvae in -Diarrhea fish (N.Luzon)
embryonated eggs in F gastric -Villus flat
peanut shape typical F – 8 in 1 row mucosa -Atrophy COL THA,JPN,
atypical F – 40 in 2 and intestines -death EGY,TAI,
M – w/ chitin spicule IRAN
Ascaris Giant Embryonated Egg DFS of eggs SI of man Lung mig –Asthma; Ingestion Yup Peperazine
Lumbricoides Round (not attach) Capil penetration Citrate
Worm Adults in SI –Pneumonia; Ab Burrowing of Most
Most common Gall bladder, Liver-lung Pain due to adult Sin of foot Common Albendazole
Intestinal Liver, nares, Migration Migration; Int In world Mebendzaole
nematode Decorticated, tri-radiate xs appendix (larv swallowed) Obst;  eosin Pyrantel Pam
Unembryo egg F-3 lips; M–2 spicules larvae, corticated
Ancyclostoma Old teeth 3rd stage filariform DFS SI Ground itch; <500 eggs Oral Yes Pyrantel
Duodenale World EIA in feces = light worm, percutaneous Pamoate
Hook Lung >500 eggs = heavy Tropics,
worm -ELA migration worm; Hookworm subT Mebendazole
anemia due to suction
Necator New cutting DFS of blood/ bleeding Skin Iron
Americanus World plates EIA Penetration replacement
8-cell stage pointed tail, short
Hook Microcytic Hypochromic
esophagus
worm -ELA

Strongyloides Thread filariform; 3rd stage filariform Rhab in stool SI man; Lung Larval migration – - Skin Yes Albendazole
Stercoralis Worm no F M Migr aftr skin Lobular pneu w/ hem; Penetration
Long eso, Penet; repro like PUD, Hyper of FL Tropics, Thiabendazole
Prominent parthogenesis Infection, Peripheral - Free-living SubT
Genital Eosinophilia, malab - auto
primordium, notched tail short buc cav Eggs hatch SI syndrome infection
 2ND INT
PARASITE A.K.A. EGG ADULT INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC. INT HOST HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx
Brugia Malayi kinky, overlapping Larvae In Blood smear Lymphatics mosquitos Acute – Skin Yup Diethylcarbamazine
nuclei, nuclei Arthropod (thick Bloodstream Hypersensitizatn (not effective on
reach tail end Vector And Knott W.B. – Larva Warm adult worms)
(terminal, Conc) Peripheral Culex Chronic – (poor prog), Enter bite regions
subterminal n.) Bites at Blood Quinque elephantiasis wound Ivermectin
giemsa – sheath Night Microfilaria Fasciatus (blocks lymphs)
unstained In blood at Mosquito corticosteroids
Wuchereria smooth, single Enters Night Rural- Weingarten’s Bites at
Bancrofti row of nuclei, Bite Anoph; Syndrome – night supportive –
no term nuc, wound CARD Test – Urban- Hyper-eosin of pressure bandaging
>L than BM Antigen det Fatigans; Peripheral blood
giemsa – pink Bioincub Pacific- surgery
stain - 1 year DNA probes aedes
Loa Loa Larvae Thin blood Subcutaneous Vector- Calabar swelling Skin No Diethylcarbamazine
crawl into Smear tissue Dipteran
wound (chrysops) Adult in eye Larva Africa Corticosteroids
biopsy Enter bite
hypersensitivity wound surgery
shedding of sheath,
Dracunculus Fiery Larvae in Local lesion Mesenteric Copepods Blister w/ Ingestion NO Metronidazole
Medinensis Serpent copepods Worm/Larvae Tissues Ingest Serous exudates Of
Israelites Larva in Infective Middle Thiabendazole
Calcifiqed Larva migrate water Pseudoperitoneal copepods East,
Guinea Worms by To lower ext syndromes Africa
worm larva migrates to lower ext. x-ray
Oncocerca Larvae Biopsy Subcutaneous Vector- -River Blindness Skin NO Diethylcarbamazine
Volvulus Crawl into tissue Black fly -Eye lesions
Bite wound Mazzotti - Skin lesions Larva Africa Corticosteriods
- Scrotum Enter bite C. and S.
Slit lamp enlargement wound America Surgery
Angiostrongylus Rat 3rd stage History Brain Mollusks, Eosinophilic Ingestion NO None recommended
Cantonensis Lung larva in snails -eating, travel Snails: Meningoencephalitis Of larva
worm and slugs or Spinal cord Achantina, In snails TAI, THAI, Dead parasite
rats ingested leukocytosis Pila + eosins in CSF, CAM, VIET, Could exacerbate
by man & eosinophilia Man- CN involve, diplopia Hawaii, Tissue reaction
Accidental Planaria, and strabismus Tahiti
adult emale
snails – paratenic Skin test needs hosts Slugs, CSF >= 500 cells/ml Surgical if
“Barber pole” dark red intestinal
hosts evaluation prawns w/ 10-90% eosins ncessary
tract
Angiostrongylus 3rd stage larva Intestines Mollusks “acute abdomen”
costaricensis in snails/ slugs (gut wall) - inflamm of ileocecal
ingested by Snails, region; Ab pain loc to
man nd cotton rat slugs right lower quad +
(Sigmodon hispidus) palpable tumor-like m
Anisakis Herring Terranova sp – juveniles 3rd stage larva Edoscopy Marine Pseudoterranova spp – Ingestion NO Remove larvae
disease in flesh of raw Crustaceans Not penetr8 stom, Of raw By biopsy
Pseudoterranova sp – not penetrate fish; larva migrate Immunologic And fish Throat irrit, coughed Marine JPN, Forceps
from viscera to Tests under Anisakis simplex (USA) Food w/ Netherlands
Eustrongylides sp – perforates large muscle after Study Stom, int, inflamm Alcohol, Surgical
bowel death of fish Rxn surrounding larva “green” Intervention
Anisakiasis – local herring, For obstruction
Tissue response; sashimi
(Eustrongylides spp) Manage
Perforation of L bowel conservatively
 2ND INT
PARASITE A.K.A. EGG ADULT INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC. INT HOST HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx
Schistosoma S. Japonicum Free- Eggs, Adults - Calcified Bladder (dead eggs= “sandy Skin Wala Praziquantrel
Hematobium swimming miracidia Bladder, patches”); Painful urination; Penetration Siguro…
Cercaria in urine liver Kala-azar; adults coated w/ RBC An and Thru
Platy- larva – not detected; trapped Infected Tropics
helminthes terminal spine Venous Bulinus Snail egg cause clinical symptoms; water Subtropics
(Miracidia to
Plexuses Terminal Hematuria; infection linked
cercaria)
To S. typhi and paratyphi carriers
Schistosoma Free- Ova in feces Liver Claypipe-stem Fibrosis = Cercaria Nope Praziquantrel
Mansoni swimming (blood, Thickening of portal vessels due to Penetrate
Cercaria mucus) Mesenteric rxn w/ eggs; Hepatosplenomegaly Skin thru Africa
Platy- Rectal biopsy venules, SC, Portal HTN, ascites, eggs sometimes Infected Brazil
helminthes lungs Biomphalaria Deposited in SC, lungs water
lateral spine Snail  liver enzy,serum alb, glob(prot)
Schistosoma Cercaria Ova in feces, Liver, Katayama rxn/ fever, reaction to Cercaria Yup Praziquantrel
Japonicum Rectal biopsy, Mesenteric Eggs in tissue = CNS damage, Penetrate
COPT test, Venules, Hepatosplenomegaly, Portal HTN, Skin thru Mindanao,
Platy- ELISA SI, heart, Ascites; mucus/blood in feces, Infected Visayas
helminthes Spleen, CNS Oncomelania  liver enzy,serum alb, glob(prot) water
lateral knob in copula, males have
Quadrasi,
(smallest) gynecophoric canals
Formosa
Schistosoma Like Schistosoma Mansoni in terms of life cycle, pathology and clinical features
Intercalatum Intermediate host – Biomphalaria snail
Schistosoma Lide Schistosoma Japonicum in terms of life cycle, pathology and clinical features
Mekongi Intermediate host – Lithoglyphopsis aperta
Fasciola Sheep Metacercaria Unembryo Bile duct of Snails- Aquatic Halzoun – ingestion Ingestion of Cosmo Bithionol
Hepatica Liver Encysted ova in feces, Sheep Lymnea vegetation Raw sheep, goat livers Infected
Fluke On aquatic duodenal Philippinensis, (dyspnea, deafness, Vegetation; In sheep
Fasciolidae vegetation aspirates Herbivore Lymnea asphyxiation, death) Infected Raising
“popping leaf S, w/ shoulders cephalic animals swinhoe (TAI) fibrotic vs. traumatic/ Liver (false) countries
operculum” cone, spinous, dendritic testes (sporocyst- necrotic lesions; obs;
redia-cercaria) False vs true (no eggs)
Fasciola Giant Larger than Metacercaria Unembryo Giant Snail Aquatic Ingestion of Most Bithionol
Gigantica Liver F. hepatica Encysted ova Animals- vegetation Infected Probably
Fluke On aquatic Cattle Vegetation
Fasciolidae vegetation Biliary tract Africa,
no shoulders (BT) Asia
Clonorchis Chinese branched Metacercaria Embryo ova Man Operculate Fresh water Cholangiocarcinoma of Ingestion of Rare Chloroquine
Sinensis Liver testes; Encysted In feces Snails Fish (FWF) : liver, liver function Uncooked Diphosphate
Fluke spatulate On Fresh or Biliary BT (Alocinma, Cyprinidae, Impaired but SGPT and fish CHI, JPN,
Opistorchidae Water fish duodenal Parafossarulus, Ctenopha- SGOT are normal SK, Praziquantel
aspiratesBDA Bithynia) ryngodon Vietnam
Opistorchis Cat lancet S Metacercaria Embryo ova Small Snails - FWF Periportal fibrosis, Ingestion of Nope Praziquantel
Felineus Liver reddish- Encysted In feces Animals- Bithynia Cyprinus Invasion of pancreas, Infective
Fluke bile On fresh or BDA Cats, dogs, Funiculate Carpio Form bile stones fish USSR,
Opistorchidae color Water fish etc (BT SI) (Taiwan) poland
Opistorchis Metacercaria Embryo ova Civet cat, Snails - FWF Hyperplastic biliary Ingestion of Nope Praziquantel
Viverrini In feces Dog, fish- Bithynia Punteus Epithelium (Stim by Infective
Or BDA eating Goniomphalus, Orphoides, Nitrosamines); assos. fish Thailand
Opistorchidae knob at Funiculate, Hampala w/ cholangiocarcinoma Udorn
lobed testes like O. felineus laevis dispar
abopercular end
Dicrocoelium Lancet 2 large testes Metacercaria Embryo ova sheep Snails- Abida, Formica Same as F. hepatica Ingestion of Wala Praziquantel
Dendriticum fluke lancet, flat, Cochilcopa, Fusca (ants) ants siguro
deep transparent, w/ fully dev Helicella, Zeb Portal cirrhosis,
Dicrocoellidae golden-brown aspiny miracidium Periductal fibrosis
‘
 2ND INT
PARASITE A.K.A. EGG ADULT INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC. INT HOST HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx
Paragonimus Oriental branched Metacercaria Unembryo Encapsulated in Snail - Crabs – Granulomatous Ingestion Yes Praziquantel
Westermani Lung testes In crustacean eggs in feces Parenchyma of Miracidia (M) rxn in lungs; rust- Of Infected
Fluke side by or sputum lung; in fibrotic Cercaria (C) Sundathelphusa colored sputum, crustaceans Asia Bithionol
side; Cercaria w/ capsules Antemelania Philippina w/ Foul fish Odor
operculum at coffee spines complement Asperta; Triclabendazole
broad end, bean; integument fixation Reservoir – Antemelania C  meta-C Misdiagnosed
thick aboper w/ spines Cats & dogs Dactylus For PTB
Fasciolopsis Metacercaria Unmebryo Duodenum of Snails – Aquatic Worms cause Ingestion Nope Praziquantel
Buski In water Eggs in feces Man or pigs MC Vegetation Traumatic, Of Infected
Plants C  meta-C Obstructive Water SEA,
Segmentina, Water caltrop, and toxic effects; Plants CHN,
indistinguish 2 dendritic testes MC are Hippeutis Water chestnut, ulceration and India,
from F. hep, in tandem Sensitive to Water morning  mucus prod. indonesia
F. gigantica Dryness Glory, lotus
Heterophyes Metacercaria Unembryo Small Snails : Many fish in the Inflamm, Ingestion Yes Praziquantel
Heterophyes In fish Eggs in stool Intestines Freshwater, Phil. (30 Sloughing off of MC
Using Brackish or Species); in Of layers, xs Encysted in EGY,
H. Miracidium Kato-Katz Reservoir – Marine muscles at base Mucus prod fish Greece,
hard to distinguish adults; present in method Fish eating of the fin CHN, JPN,
Metagonimus scale-like spines, w/ The egg once mammals MC Misdiagnosed KOR, TWN,
yokogawai genital sucker, globular Deposited by C  meta-C For acid Phil
M. testes adult Peptic ds
eggs no aboper (APD), consistent
protub; same w/ PUD
Echinostoma Metacercaria Unembryo Small Snails: Snails: Inflamm, Ingestion Of course Praziquantel
Ilocanum Eggs in Intestines -Gyralus -Pila luzonica Ulceration, Of encysted
No sporocyst feces Convexlusculus “kuhol” and Diarrhea, MC in snails N. Luzon,
oral sucker with collar of stage Reservoir- -Hippeutis -Vivipara intoxiacation Samar,
indisting.from spines; 2 lobed testes in rats Umbilicalis Angularis“suso” Leyte,
fasciolas tandem, reddish-grey MC C  meta-C Mindanao
Taenia Pork Cysticercous Ripe or gravid Small intestines Hogs, wild Inflamm, Ingestestion yes Praziquantel
Solium Tapeworm Cellulosae Proglottid of man Boars, sheep, Eosinophilia, Of inadeq.
Deer, dogs, leukopenia Cooked cosmo
formaldehyde cysticercosis Monkeys, rats, Pork
soln in muscles cats Dev Cisticercosis
(ingestion of Accidental
eggs  eggs), larva in Ingestion of
rostellum w/ hooks Scolex after brain, muscle, eggs
cysticercous
4 suckers; ripe proglottid eggs – cause therapy eye
cellulosae
<13 lateral branches; 3m cysticercosis
Taenia Beef indistinguish Cysticercous Ripe or gravid Man SI Cattle, llama, Epigastric Ingestion Niclosamide
Saginata tapeworm from each bovis Proglottid (accidental) Giraffe, Pain, vertigo, Of cysts in -damage to
other and from Carabao Nervousness, beef point of
Longest
E. granulosus; Scolex after eosinophilia dissolution
Tapeworm therapy eggs 
hexacanth (6
hooklets); cysticercous
radially bovis
striated shell

no rostellum, hooklets
ripe >15 branches; 5m;
tree-like dicho branching
Echinococcus Parasite Eggs – man x-ray to SI of Dog Sheep, man Obstruction – FOR rare Sugery
Granulosus Of dog Hydatid sand detect -Cysts Ingested (accidental, Growing cysts; Prev spillage of
smallest hydatid ds; and Release intermediate– Anaphylactic Ingestion eggs)
Tapeworm immunologic scolices in liver and Shock when Of eggs in
In man dogs tests lungs) Cyst ruptures feces Albendazole
 one long gravid proglottid

2ND INT
PARASITE A.K.A. EGG ADULT INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC. INT HOST HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx
Diphyllobothrium Fish/ Plerocercoid Operculated SI in man copepods (fish) Anemia (misdiag Ingestion Rare Praziquantel
Latum Broad Larva Eggs; (Cyclops & perch, trout, for pernicious
t-worm Encyted Proglottids Reservoir Diaptomus) salmon, pike type Vit B12 def); Only
In fish Host: Dogs, hyperchromic 7 cases
yellow-brown Kato tech cats,Bears ProC  megaloblastic;
knob like PleroC examine for HCl temperate
thickening Paratenic host: in gastric juice zone
Carnivore fish Coracidia (CO)  (+ infection)
Procercoid (ProC)

spatulate, rosette uterus

2 bothria = sucking
grooves
Dipylidium Dog Cysticercoid Gravid SI of dog or cat Ctenocephalides Minimal Ingestion yup Praziquantel
Caninum T-worm Larva in Proglottids canis (dog flea) symptoms
Arthropod That are passed
Double Host when out/ Crawl out, Ctenocephalides
Pored ingested Egg packets, felis (cat flea)
egg packets
T-worm Melon-shaped
(8-15 eggs)
Proglottids in Pulex irritans
oncosphere w/ retractile, conical scolex; Chains (human flea)
6 hooklets rose-thorn shape hooklets (Not stool bec
mature proglottid – proGlot disint Trichodectes
with 2 lateral genital pores in environment canis (dog louse)
Hymenolepsis Dwarf Embryo Embryo SI of man Insects, rice Enteritis due to FOR yup Praziquantel
Nana t-worm Eggs in Eggs in feces And flour beetles Necrosis and
Contam food Desquamation Auto
and Water Proglottids not Of intestinal Infection
Recovered bec Epithelial cells
with filaments Cyticerci - They
Can complete degenerate Direct/indirect
like D. caninum scolex but Cycle in single pathways
with less hooklets; ripe Host (autoinf)
segment
Hymenolepsis Rat Cysticercoid Eggs in stool SI of man Fleas, beetles, Minimal and Ingestion yes Praziquantel
Diminuta T-worm Larvae in (more circular, cockroaches, Non-specific Of
insects larger, lack mealworms & Infected In rats
bipolar earwigs insects <8%
thickening vs
H. nana
w/o filaments
gravid segment;
bile-stained;
rudimentary, unarmed
fan-like
rostellum
Sparganosis Spirometra Plerocercoid White larvae Adult – Cyclops, Frogs, Painful edema Ingestion Not sure surgical
In toads, In lesion Intestines of copepods Snakes, Due to migrating Of
Mansoni, frogs, snakes, Cat/man Toads, rats Larvae Infected
Erinacei, interM
Ranarum paratenic Larvae – Eosinophilia, hosts
hosts - pigs any part, eye, Edema and
subQT, erythema
mistaken for D. latum; muscles
pseudosegmentation w/
slit-like invagination
 INT 2ND INT
PARASITE A.K.A. CYST TROPHOZOITE INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC. HOST HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx
Entamoeba Ameba Qudri cysts -Trophozoites Large Flasklike Primary ulcer; Ingestion Yes Supportive,
Histolytica In liquid stools Intestines Of Chemotherapy
-Cysts in (cecal and Histo changes: Infective Most
Formed stools sigmoido- Histolysis, Thrombosis, cysts Common Asympto –
rectal) Petechiae, Round Are Diiodohydroxyquin
active, progressive,
greenish-yellow Culture, serology Cell Infiltration, Necrosis Asympto
directional;
quadrinucleate, to detect invasive liver in carriers Mod severe
pseudopod PSD:
thick, rodlike Amebiasis (IHAT) extraint Bacilliary vs Metronidazole
finger-shape,
chromatoidal bodies amebiasis Amebic dysentery
hyaline; w/
CB, central karyosome ELISA most Severe – D + M
ingested RBC
(K), w/ chromatin dots Sensitive indicator Hepatic – M + emetine
Naegleria No cyst only Trophozoite Trophozoites Brain Meningoencephalitis EntersThru Nose rare Amphotericin
fowleri Flagellated form In CSF and tissue Severe frontal
Headache,Blocked nose, Penetrate all types Amp + miconazole and
Flagellate form in Altered taste and smell Cribriform Plate of soil rifampicin
CSF
slug-like; Kernig’s sign; Leukocytosis Multiply in
Large, usually Central K PSD: blunt; w/  neuts,  prot,  glu brain
Acanthamoeba trophozoite Cysts and Trophs CNS Amebic Encephalitis Thru Rare Propamidine,
inTissue cornea (immunocompromised) Lower respi Miconazole, neomycin
Tract or All types
Giemsa or PAS of Amebic Keratitis Thru ulcerated, Of soil Corneal grafting
large central K; sluggish; PSD: spine-like Scrapings or (assoc w/ use of Broken skin
double cell wall No peripheral chrom Cornial biopsy contam contact lenses)
Entamoeba
coli

yellow-brown; 1-8
sluggish, rarely prog
nuclei, K eccentric;
and dir; PSD: short,
CB : splinter-like
blunt; Bacteria/
debris Inclusions
Entamoeba Mod active, prog
Gingivalis PSD : blunt, hyalin
Endolimax
nana

pale green;
1-4 nuc; K irreg sluggish prog; PSD:blunt
CB : bacilliform /hyaline; K – L, cent
Iodamoeba
butschlii

1 nuc
yellow green; K surr slug, prog;
w/ granules; endosome PSD : Blunt/Hyaline
Entamoeba
hartmanii

1-4 nuc;
K small/Central; non prog;
Diffuse glyco mass PSD : fingerlike

INT 2ND INT

PARASITE A.K.A. CYST TROPHOZOITE INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC. HOST HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx
Balantidium cyst DFS of SI Ulcer w/ rounded FOR Siguro Tetracycline
Coli Troph and Cysts  Base and wide
Cysts in Troph Neck (vs flask shape) Ingestion of Uncommon Metronidazole
Largest Feces Contam Food In Temperate;
prot parasite LI (cecal Diarrhea and Dysenter And water Assoc w/ Iodoquinol
Only ciliate bean-shaped nuc cytostome; cytopyge; Sigmoidoscopy area) troph (indisting. from Amebic) Pigs in tropics
Giardia “gay Quadri DFS Cysts and SI Villus flat and crypt FOR siguro Oral
Lamblia bowel cysts Trophs Duo, jeju, Hypertrophy;electrolytes, Metronidazole
syn” upper il glu, fluid abs, Outbreaks
Biopsy,  disacchs; diarrhea Are water- Tinidazole
Entero-test, Attaches most common symptom borne Furozolidone
young – 2 nuc;
pyriform/tear-drop; IF and antigen To int villi (89%); spont recovery in Quinacrine
mature – 4 nuc;
bi-symm; erratic detection Via adhes 6 wks; chronic – steato, paromomycin
flagella retracted
tumbling motion; 8 flag Disc on ven diarr altern w/ constip
into axonemes
Trichomonas No cyst stage Troph Trophozoites Female – -Vaginal discharge – Sexual Yes Oral
vaginalis In urine, Vaginal epi Liquid, green to yellow, intercourse Metronidazole
Urethral sec, Irritating Hostpitality
Vaginal sec, Male – -Speculum – Strawberry Passed thru Girls – 24% Acid douches
pyriform; jerky Cervical sec, Urethra, Cervix (diagnostic) Birth canal
movements; 4 free Semen, Epididymis, -Vaginitis; urethritis Other groups
flag +1 undulating; axos Prostatic sec Prostate g - 3-8%
Dientamoeba No known cystic Troph Binucleate In lumen -Increase excess mucus Co-infection Siguro Iodoquinol
Frgilis stage Trophs in fresh Of LI -Hypermotility of the bowel With
Stool samples E. vermicularis …as long as Tetracycline
-Colicky ab pain; anal may infection
Pruritis; Peripheral w/ E. vermic Metronidazole
rosette-shaped nuclei; eosinophilia -in pre-schools
no peri chromatin; K in Germany,
w/ 4-6 granules; no flag -Mimics IBS (irrit bow syn) Israel, Holland
Leishmania Old w/ ovoid or Pro M in skin tissue Lives Sand fly Cutaneous leishmaniasis Bite of Wala Antimony
Tropica World rounded bodies biopsy Intracellular Pheobotomus Sandly vector Compounds
Cut In Spp Lesions resembling Africa, India
Leish Macrophages Lepromatous leprosy South amercia
promastigote PMS and Second line
Leishmania 1 free flagella Bone marrow, Endothelial A-Mast  Visceral Leishmaniasis or Drugs:
Donovani arising from kinetoplast Spleen or Cells Pro M in Kala-azar Amp B,
Lymph nodes gut of fly Pentamidine
Pro M  Splenomegaly, presence of (Kala-azar),
A-Mast Parasites in RE cells; Metronidazole
amastigote Nifurtimox
Leishmania New Mucocutaneous or
Braziliensis World American Leishmaniasis
Cut Serology –
Leish For supportive Tapir nose
diagnosis Erosion of pinna of forest
amastigote workers
Trichomonas Smaller and longer than Troph swabbing Oral cavity Droplets, yes
Tenax T. vaginalis -tartar kissing
Chilomastix knob- spiral cysts Cysts in Cecal region FOR Rare
Mesnili forW; Semi-formed Of LI
3 ant Stools; <1%
flag + Trophs in
1 Liquid stools
like prod, LemonS

INT 2ND INT

PARASITE A.K.A. CYST TROPHOZOITE INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC. HOST HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx
Trypanosoma West Trypomastigote T-mastigote Parasite in In blood, Tsetse Fly Local Infiltration from Bite of NO Supportive
Gambiense African Blood tissues Lymph and Reservor bite area to lymph and Vector
Sleepng Or CSF CSF Host: CNS West and Pentamidine
Sicknes Domestic Congenital Central Suramin
Serology for Animals -Chronic inflammation Transmission Africa Melarsopenol
Large scale Of lymphatics possible Tryparsamide
Trypanosoma East Screening Tsetse Fly -Atrophy of dendrons NO Melarsen
Rhodesiense African Reservor Of ganglion cells
Sleepng ELISA, IF Host: Game -Winterbottom’s sign, Uh..east
Sicknes animals Kerandels sign Africa? 
Trypanosoma Chaga’s Epimastigote Trypomastigote T-mastigote Blood smear Histiocytes Reduviids, -Engulfed by histocytes -Bite of Vector No 8-amino
Cruzi Disease RE cells Triatomid and invade adipose -feces quinolones
Serology –CF (adipose, Bugs tissue -transplacental  Income
Xenodiag myocardial, Reservoir: -inflamm response w/ -accidental Groups In Primaquine,
biopsy RE, Neuroglial) Wild fibrotic encapsulation ingestion Suburban Nifurtomax
mammals = chagoma; Romana’s sign -blood trans rural (Bayer 2502)
Toxoplasma (cat?) pseudocyst Serology – In SI of Mouse or Brain lesions; hepatitis; Ingestion, Yes Pyrimethamine
gondii and oocyst w/ IgM detection Cat (sexual Rat Chorioretinitis; Transplacenetal (Daraprim),
Sporozoites By ELISA; And asexual Lymphadenitis Cosmo Trisulfapyri-
(man) -Oocyst prod IFA for IgG Cycle); in Man, pigs, Midines; Preg –
bradyzoite, cyst By sexual And IgM; PCR Tissues in Sheep, 2 types of postnatal ds Many are spiramycin,
male and female Cycle in cat; Of Toxo DNA Asexual cycle Accidental 1) mild lymphatic (lide Chronic Clinamycin;
gametocytes Pseudocysts- Intermediate infectious Mononucleosis) Ill but are AIDS –
asexual Definitive –CAT hosts 2) acute fulminating asympto Atovaquone
Isospora Schizont, gametes Mature oocyst Immature SI of man Malabsorption syndrome; FOR Not sure Pyrimethamine
Belli Inside host w/ sporozoites Cysts in feces Shortened villi, hyper-
-Oocysts/ Definitive – Trophied crypts, infilt Sulfadiazide or
Sprorcysts in MAN Of lamina propria, w/ Trimetroprim
immature cyst dudenum Eosins, polys, rounded cells
Pneumocystis Surgical open interstitial pneumonia; Droplets, Yes Bactrim
Carinii Lung biopsy; fatal pneumonia in infants; Close contact
BronchoAlLav; hypogammaglobulinemia, cosmo
Bronchoscopy; leukemia, Hodgkin’s, etc
cysts Methenamine -lungs are gray and airless;
Silver stain death due to asphyxia
GAMETE SCHIZONT TROPHOZOITE
Plasmodium Mosquito – Peripheral RBC (Man) Anopheles -Tissue anoxia – basic pathophysio Bite of female Yes Vivax and Ova
Falciparum Gametocytes; Blood smears Vivax – young Flavirostris change in malaria Mosquito –Chloroquine +
Man – -thick Malariae – old Minimus -4 mechanisms leading to tissue anox: Malaria Primaquine
Sporozoites -thin Falciparum –all 1. anemia-hemolysis 2. changes in Passage of Free areas
blood flow 3. changes in capillary Blood w/ -manila Falci and Mal
Plasmodium
Hypnoxoite – QBC, Para Mosquito : Anopheles endothelium 4. histotoxic shock Erythrocytic -aklan -Chloroquine
Vivax
Latent stage, sight F test 1)Stomach – -litoralis -parasite virulence factors: Parasite by: -capiz
Cause relapse (dipstick test), Gamete form, -balabacensis 1. multiplication capacity 2. red cell -blood trans -guimara Chloroquine
Plasmodium IFA 2)Stomach -mangyanus selectivity 3. cytoadherence and -contam syringe -siquijor Resistant –
Malariae Sporogany – wall – oocyst -maculates resetting ability 4. potential to -neonatal -biliran Falc
Mosquito LC; and sporozoite induce cytokine release 5. antigenicity -congenital -iloilo
Schizogony – release 6. antimalarial drug resistance -leyte N
Plasmodium Human LC 3)salivary -leyte S
Ovale - exoerythro glands - sporo Blackwater fever, liver dys, hypogly, -N Samar
(merozoites) Acidosis, GI dys, placenta dys, pulmo -Camiquin
- erythro edema, renal failure, coagulo and -Cebu
(gametocytes) thrombocyto, coma -Catand.