Vertical Neighbourhood at Mumbai by Shivam Singh

VISHVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI-590018
THESIS
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROJECT
2016-2017
“VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD AT MUMBAI”
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

THE DEGREE
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED BY
SHIVAM SINGH
USN
1AA13AT130
GUIDE
KOMALI RAO
VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD 1
ACHARYA’S N R V SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
(AFFILIATED TO VTU, BELAGAVI, ACCREDITED BY COA, AICTE, NEW DELHI)
Acharya Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Road, Acharya PO, Bangalore-560 107, India
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this is a bonafide record of the architectural design project
completed by Mr. Shivam Singh of 8th Semester, B.Arch., USN 1AA13AT130 on
project titled:
“VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD AT MUMBAI”
This has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
B. Arch awarded by VTU, Belagavi during the year 2016-2017.
PROF. _________________ PROF. _____________________

DEAN THESIS GUIDE: KOMALI RAO
ACHARYA’S NRV SCHOOL ACHARYA’S NRV SCHOOL
OF ARCHITECTURE OF ARCHITECTURE
INTERNAL EXAMINER 1
EXTERNAL EXAMINER 1 EXTERNAL EXAMINER 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I offer my deepest gratitude to my guide Mrs. Komali Rao, who has supported
me throughout my thesis with her patience and knowledge, giving me the room to work at my own
ways. I thank ma’am for her excellent guidance, care, and patience and for providing me with an
excellent atmosphere for conducting this research.
I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to the Dean for giving us the
inspiration and support that was required.
I am deeply indebted to Prof. Priya Joseph, who has always been willing to help by giving best
advice and instructions. Her constant inspiration and guidance kept me focused and motivated.
I would like to thank our Library Staff for providing me all the valuable information and co-
operate in the completion of my thesis successfully.
Last but not the least I thank my family and friends for their constant support and understanding
during the course of the project.
NAME: SHIVAM SINGH
USN: 1AA13AT130
SUMMARY:
VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD
Vertical neighborhood is basically a mixed-use skyscraper accommodating commercial,

residential and office spaces including the amenities and services required for these spaces.
The idea of introducing the concept was to bring in a new idea to the word neighborhood.
Neighborhood has been an idea of creating residential space also including a certain percentage of
other spaces making it into a mixed-use space. So, the idea of vertical neighborhood was to bring in
modernism into the same idea by designing the neighborhood vertically.
Since the idea is still a new one and has been used in very few buildings so the location of the site
selected for the proposal is Mumbai which is a city of skyscrapers and so the building design
restrictions are a bit open to tall structures, giving more freedom towards designing.
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RATIONALE FOR SELECTION
3. SCOPE AND LIMITATION
4. CASE STUDY
5. LITERATURE STUDIES
6. AIM
7. OBJECTIVES
8. METHODOLOGY
9. SITE STUDY
10. STUDY OF ELECTIVE 1
11. STUDY OF ELECTIVE 2
INTRODUCTION:
Vertical Neighborhood is basically a Mixed-Use Skyscraper accommodating Commercial,

Residential and Office Spaces including the amenities and services required for these spaces.
Functionally and high architecture quality are incorporated to achieve contemporary design solution.
A solution that takes the advantages of building high and having a mix use of function. The design
thereby creates a new type of High Rise.
A decisive factor is challenges the performance of the building concerning daylight condition and
energy consumption. To design a sustainable building with low energy use and thereby not only
create high quality architecture but also performative design in terms of energy use.
RATIONALE FOR SELECTION
It is desirable that the design will reflect the process and the performance of the building begin a
result of different investigation and tools, which speak the language of both the architect and the
engineer. The main focus of the design is therefore not to create a dramatic high icon but to
create spaces for real people for real living.
High density has negative and positive effects on the city and the urban fabric and high dense
building often have larges energy consumption for heating and cooling. Building high is
therefore not necessary an environmental sustainable solution, but having high density in cities can
have positive effect on the energy and the quality of spaces.
High density strategies without assessing the factors of distribution job opportunities and the
public transportation systems are not likely to provide lasting environmental or social
sustainability. The benefits of higher density are only arising with the awareness of urban form and
process, well-planned, effectively managed, and densely-settled cities. These cities can help to
limit greenhouse gas emissions and be more social sustainable.
The build environment stands for up to 40% for all co2 emissions. The energy performance of new
building therefore plays an important role in the plans of reducing the co2 emission. The modernistic
glass and steel high rises known from all over the world can be massive consumers of energy. There
is therefore a need of rethinking the design of tall building so that the design takes energy efficiency
into consideration during the process and thereby relating energy performance and design.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
A crucial factor in building sustainable is the incorporation of sustainable solutions early in the
design process, because the layout of the building and the overall design has immense
importance in the performance of the energy saving solutions.
Scope:
Bring in a new idea to the word neighborhood.
Bringing in modernism by going higher and increasing living space and reducing land utilization.
Limitations:
Performance of the building concerning daylight condition and energy consumption.
High dense building often has larges energy consumption for heating and cooling.
Services provided increases.
Structural requirements increased.
CASE STUDY
KOHINOOR SQUARE
DADAR, MUMBAI, 2009-15
ARCHITECT: SSA ARCHITECTS, MUMBAI
CLIENT: THE KOHINOOR GROUP
PROGRAM: MIXED-USE
PLOT AREA: 18,615 SQ.M
FLOOR AREA: 50,000 SQ.M FOR COMMERCIAL
HEIGHT: 203 METERS MAIN BUILDING, 142 METERS RESIDENCE BUILDING
FLOOR COUNTS: 52 STORIES, 28 STORIES
STATUS: UNDER-CONSTRUCTED
CLIMATE OF MUMBAI
•The climate of Mumbai is a Tropical Wet and Dry Climate.
•Mumbai’s climate can be best described as Moderately Hot with High Level of Humidity.
•Its Coastal Nature and Tropical Location ensures temperatures won't fluctuate much throughout
the year.
•The mean average is 27.2 °C
SITE & SURROUNDING
In India, Aquaria Grande is located Borivali, a suburb of Mumbai. The site is surrounded by a dense
low-rise residential area hence its Tallest Structure in the vicinity. There are many parks and schools
as well near to the site.
FLOOR PLAN ANALYSIS
The central core is surrounded by the office spaces and refuge areas (at 24 meter of height). There is
segregated office space from 2nd to 24th floor with toilets to each office and a common toilet s also
provided on all these floors.
11 TH TO 24 TH FLOOR
25 TH TO 39 TH FLOOR
REFUGE FLOORS:
At 11 th floor the first refuge floor is provided
DCR RULE:
In case of high-rise bldg. More than 30m then first refuge floor shall be provided at 24 m or first
habitable floor whichever is higher. Thereafter at every seventh habitable floor.
The design of the building makes it environmentally friendly, using technologies such as floor-to-
ceiling insulated glazing to contain heat and maximize natural light, and an automatic daylight
dimming system. The tower also features a greywater system, which captures rainwater for reuse.
Kohinoor group pvt ltd. States that the building is made largely of recycled and recyclable materials.
Air entering the building is filtered, as is common, but the air exhausted is cleaned as well. The
kohinoor square building is one of the first skyscraper building in india to achieve a leadership in
energy and environmental design platinum rating for environmental sustainability a gold (LEED)
certification from green building council. Construction of the kohinoor square started in early 2009,
with an completion date of march 2013.
CENTRAL CORE CONSIST OF:
• 3 lobbies of 6 lifts serving levels 25 th to 39 th
• spaces between the lifts where a lift lobby is not provided are used as toilets with dust at either
side: 2 lifts from this pack of 6 are assessable to lower floors as well
• 1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels 1 st to 24 th
• there is a lift bank at 24 th floor .
• 2 services lifts travelling throughout the building
• 2 stair cases are also placed in the core
RESIDENTIAL TOWER
132 units from 14 th to 26 th floor 13 stories of parking below
Parking-3500 (brought from bmc)
Central core serves 3 lifts and 1 services lifts
There are 8 units on each floor 6 on 17 th floor which is refuge floor
Units- 2.5 bhk 3bhk 3.5 bhk
RESIDENTIAL
HOTEL
PARKING
RECREATIONAL GROUND
OFFICE
RETAIL
SERVICES
The design of the building makes it environmentally friendly, using technologies such as floor-to-
ceiling insulated glazing to contain heat and maximize natural light, and an automatic daylight
dimming system. The tower also features a greywater system, which captures rainwater for reuse.
Kohinoor group pvt ltd. States that the building is made largely of recycled and recyclable materials.
Air entering the building is filtered, as is common, but the air exhausted is cleaned as well.
The combined pile raft foundation (CPRF) is a geotechnical composite construction that combines
the bearing effect of both foundation elements raft and piles by taking into account interactions
between the foundation elements and the subsoil the piled raft foundation system has recently been
widely used for many structures, especially high rise buildings.
In this foundation, the piles play an important role in settlement and differential settlement
reduction, and thus can lead to economical design without compromising the safety of the structure.
In several design cases, the piles are allowed to yield under the design load. Although the load
capacity of the pile is exceeded, the piled raft foundation can hold additional loads with controllable
settlement. Thus, accurately determining the settlement of the foundation is critical and for this the
designers must consider the role of the raft and the role of piles in combination, as well as the
interactions between the foundation’s components.
PILE FOUNDATION USED
LITERATURE STUDY 1:
NAMASTE TOWER, LOWER PAREL
LOCATION: MUMBAI, INDIA
ARCHITECTS: WS ATKINS
300 M (62 FLOORS)
Namaste tower designed by the Atkins design studio, work is currently underway on this 300m-62
storied mixed-use tower that will encompass a hotel, office and retail space.
KEY STATISTICS:
• 120,000 m2 of gross construction area
• 380 key luxury hotels
• Exclusive restaurants, bars, banqueting and spa facilities
• 9,000 m2 of a-grade office space
• 6,000 m2 of world class retail space
• 300 m overall building height
CONCEPT:
“NAMASTE"
The traditional Indian greeting of ‘namaste’, where the hands are clasped together in greeting, is the
inspiration for the design of this tower. In Sanskrit “namaste” means “I bow to you`. It has a
spiritual significance of negating one’s ego in the presence of another.
The architecture of the namaste hotel builds on this ancient Indian expression. The two wings of the
hotel are clasped together like hands greeting the city of Mumbai.
In this way, the architectural design of the hotel provides the ultimate symbol of hospitality as seen
in the cultural context of India.
VISUAL RELTIONSHIP
Visual relationships to and from the site with a proposed height of 300 m the tower will be seen
from a distance of more than 40 km. Therefore, the visual appearance of the project as a major
landmark is of great importance to the city of Mumbai. Views from the tower will extend to the
south over the mahalakshmi race course towards the Mumbai peninsula and to the south west over
the Indian ocean. The views to the north east are towards a number of adjacent towers that are
currently being constructed. The massing of the tower has been designed in order to make the very
best of these visual relationships.
FEATURES:
The building skin the tower has been designed to cater for large scale Indian weddings. The
occasion of a mehndi ceremony (where the hands and feet of the bride and groom are decorated with
henna) is often one of the most important pre-wedding rituals in India.
The design seeks to build on the theme of the clasped hands by referencing the intricate mehndi
patterns through the treatment of the building skin. The tower is will be cladding in fritted glazing
that combines to form an architectural scale graphic on the exterior of the building to create a sense
of transparency and depth to the building while at the same time helping to maintain the thermal
qualities required to meet the building’s envelope design criteria.
It is proposed that the large-scale canopies over the drop-off point’s area support an array of solar
thermal collectors. Given the available surface area and annual sunlight conditions these have the
potential to provide 12% of the energy required to heat the hot water.
Internal atrium gardens these atria also serve to bring natural light deep into the plan. At the plant
floor levels, these atria are broken with internal gardens that serve to bring greenery into the corridor
and atrium spaces. It was a central design aim to ensure that the circulation areas of the corridors)
are just as impressive as the rooms themselves.
General arrangement the tower is made up of two separate wings (or hands) which together form the
architectural expression of “Namaste”. The space between the wings forms the corridor spaces. At
either end of the corridor space a pair of open atria will offer hotel guests dramatic frame of the city.
Internal atrium gardens these atria also serve to bring natural light deep into the plan. At the plant
floor levels, these atria are broken with internal gardens that serve to bring greenery into the corridor
and atrium spaces. It was a central design aim to ensure that the circulation areas of the corridors)
are just as impressive as the rooms themselves.
The summit at the summit of the building a generous quadruple height atrium space encloses a sky
restaurant and bar which will provide a unique vantage point for patrons to gain panoramic views
out over the city.
LITERATURE STUDY 2:
FATHER AND SON SKYSCRAPER
IAMZ STUDIO
ARCHITECTS: IAMZ STUDIO
LOCATION: CAIRO, EGYPT
LEAD ARCHITECT: AHMED ELSEYOFI
AREA: 8000 M2
Project elements: administration, residential, tourist area,
Cultural district, media zone, recreational area,
a part for public services, small medical zone “for emergency”
The concept for the father and son skyscraper, designed by IAMZ studio, is divided into three main
elements including the shape, style and urban design along with green areas implemented into the
design. The main reason for the skyscraper typology is to decrease the crowding in the capital Cairo,
Egypt. More images and architects’ description after the break.
The main shape is taken from the relationship between father and son shapes based off the wadi
degla rocks shapes in order to create a relationship between design and nature. With a height of 470
meters, this urban design marks a sign of growth in the city of Cairo.
There is a mixture between the modern and Islamic architecture shown in the style of the building.
The Islamic architect reflects the identity of the place and the modern architect reflects to the time
we are living in.
Regarding green roofs and green areas, planting green areas in the design was intended to increase
the refreshment of air and the humidity of the dry places. The green area is healthy for oxygen and it
gives a pleasant view for the users of the building.
The place of the building is near the airport from the north. One of the mains views from the
skyscraper is digla valley which is a main tourist attraction which can in turn attract them to the
hotel from the valley. It’s obvious from the mixture of the two architectural methods that the Islamic
architect is rotating in a counterclockwise direction while the modern architect is rotating in the
clockwise direction.
The more we go up off the ground, the more of the negative energy we experience and the more we
get close to the earth, the more positive energy we experience. The negative energy comes from the
ultra violet radiation of the sun and to transform it to a positive energy, we use it to light any space
with indirect light. The same is used for ventilation in using all the surfaces with the solar cells to
provide cleaner energy.
AIM
The aim of the project is to create a tall building that despite the size embrace and relate to the
surroundings and thereby makes it a positive element in the urban fabric. The building design will
be focusing on the performance of the building in terms in energy use and in optimizing the
construction which also should be an integrated element of the design solution.
PLACEMENT OF FUNCTIONS
The program for the building is split into five sections dividing the building vertically. The sections
begin with the underground floors, ground floors, lower floors, intermediate floors and top floors.
The high-rise building contains a mix of housing units, office and commercial facilities. The
commercial area can be used for shops and supermarkets but there is also space to incorporate
restaurant activities or cultural activities.
PROGRAM:
UNDERGROUND FLOORS: MIDDLE FLOORS:

PARKING AREAS OFFICE SPACE
PLANT ROOMS
GROUND FLOORS: INTERMEDIATE FLOORS:
COMMERCIAL FUNCTION, HOUSING UNITS
E.G. FACILITIES SUCH
AS SMALL SUPERMAKETS.
LOWER FLOORS: TOP FLOORS:

AREAS FOR CULTURAL FUNCTIONS HOTEL WITH RESTAURANT
E.G. MULTIPURPOSE HALL, GYM OR SIMILAR FACILITY
OUTDOOR SPACES:
Outdoors spaces are incorporated into the layout of the apartment’s plans. This is as a shared garden
integrated with the building or individual balconies.
EXTERIOR APPEARANCE:
The ambition is to create a distinct exterior appearance of the building. The appearance of the
building should also display a contemporary architectural design.
GREEN BUILDING:
The design also emphasizes the importance of a green profile in the building design.
The office and the housing units are two principal functions that have an enormous influence in on
the design of the building.
The dwellings should attract a broad mix of users and therefore three several types of dwelling are
used in the program.
The housing units will appeal to the modern city dwellers who appreciate living close to the
activities of a big city.
Since, families with young children are likely to prefer other types of housing so a building complex
and environment that also attacks families with younger children by the treatment of the common
spaces has been proposed.
FLOW:
Vertical transportation in any tall building is dependent upon its elevator system. The elevators and
the flow of the building are therefore important to have in mind from the beginning of the design
phases. The flow is important because the vertical circulation is dominating and more intense than in
low buildings and it affect the design opportunities of the building. The capacity of the elevator
system is a critical issue in tall buildings together with the space occupied by the elevators.
The flow of the building is often situated inside the core of the building to optimize the space. In this
way, the construction needed for stabilizing the building also can be containing the elevators. Fire
regulations also demands two escape routes from the building. This means that two fire safe stair
cases need to be placed in the building which makes it possible to escape the building in case of a
fire.
A circulation between the different stories is also wanted in the building to create a more living
environment and attractive spaces. This will make flow possible between interconnected stories
without use of elevators and thereby make the connection between stories stronger.
Main topics for high-rises such as the structural elements, wind turbulent,
optimizing of space and natural ventilation have been covered in the design.
STRUCTURE:
The primary function of the structural system is to carry loads acting on the building, and transmit
them to the foundation. Historically high rises are provided with heavy masonry cladding to required
stability. The structural system where therefore rarely exposed because it was concealed beneath the
masonry.
In present times buildings are becoming slenderer and lighter because of modern technologies and
new aesthetics. This development increases the key role of the structural engineers that need to be
implemented early in the concept stage.
The different structural systems also have different limitations when looking at weight and height of
the building. The bearing wall system, which usually is made up of concrete, becomes due to the
self-weight of the material and the amount of material needed inefficient above 15-30 stories. The
core system of concrete has some of the same disadvantage as the bearing wall system and
maximum height of the construction is limited to between 15-30 stories because the weight of the
construction.
The frame system can be more efficient than the core and bearing wall system, but the efficiency
depends upon the stiffness of the system. Incorporating stiffness into the frame system increases the
upper limit of approximately 60 stories of this system. As the building height increases the space
between the steel frames must become smaller and the grid between the frames thereby obtain more
space.
MAIN STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS:
BEARING WALL: the loads are distributed down the building through the walls. The walls shall
have the strength and stiffness to resist the horizontal and vertical forces in the building.
STEEL FRAME: steel frames represent a simple and low cost structural system that in a 3d grid
system displaces the weight of the building. A frame structure is usually made of columns, beams
and floor slabs arranged to resist both horizontal and vertical loads.
TUBE FRAME: this structural system relays on close aligned supporting columns, so that the
loads are distributed down in the façade of the building. This takes space in the façade and leaves
smaller space for placing windows in the façade. On the other hand, the system allows a maximum
use of the floors space that can have a column and core free layout.
CONCRETE CORE: the concrete core is the most common structural system for high rises.
The core provides the design a strong centre and allows the service installation (elevators, stairs,
utilities in general) to be centralized in the building.
In structural performance, the basic objective is the minimization of weight of the structural system
and to ensure the stiffness of the structure. Combining the basis structures gives a wider range of
structural opportunities and makes it possible to exploit the different advantages of the basis
structures.
A combination integrating the core system is common because the core of the building can both
obtain loads and contain the services elements. The placement of the core has a significant impact in
the overall design of the building and therefore must be integrated in the early design stages if used.
The core can be designed to resist both vertical and horizontal loads and can therefore heighten the
performance of the structural system if combined with other systems.
Baring walls system is in high rises mainly used with other structures to reduce the space obtained
by the walls. The frame is an adaptable structural choice regarding material and shape and other
systems. Other systems are often added to give stiffness the frame structure. Stiffness can also be
added though a combination the system of braced, rigid and in filled frame.
Obtaining stiffness is also an issue in the tube system and like in the frame system the stiffness can
be implemented by adding baring walls, frames or a core.
In tall buildings, the service core can provide the principal structural elements for both the gravity
load-resistant systems and lateral load-resisting systems. It provides the stiffness to deflections and
accelerations to acceptable levels.
Affecting the choice of structural system is also, the function placed inside the building.
An office building often calls for large open spaces where the space can be subdivided by light
partitioning walls. In residential buildings and hotel accommodations the space is subdivided
permanently.
Therefore, vertical columns and walls can be distributed dividing the space and contribute to
separate the rooms and at the same time be the barring structural system.
WIND:
For building of up to 10 stories and of typical proportions, the design is rarely affected by wind load.
Above this height the pressure from the wind will normally affect the construction. In terms of
structural considerations, a building is defined as tall, when its strength and behaviour is governed
by lateral loads where the main lateral loads being the wind.
The loads on the structural system for high rises can be looked upon in two distinct categories. The
gravity load resisting the structural system and the lateral load resisting the structural system. The
forces from the wind are strong in high rises and can therefore act as a form-determining factor of
the construction.
The building or will be causing turbulence of the wind and thereby be inconvenient at the street
level. The shape of the building can help to break down the speed of the wind or allow the wind to
flow more freely around the building and thereby avoiding wind going down to the street level.
NATURAL VENTILATION:
The possibility of integrating natural ventilation in the building is investigated to see if the use of
natural ventilation can optimize the energy performance of the building. Incorporation natural
ventilation has a significant impact on the design and layout of the building and is therefore
important to have in mind from the beginning of the design process.
By allowing air in and through the internal spaces of the building, natural air conditioning can be
achieved. Natural ventilation can save energy and create a healthier internal environment. The
comfort level of occupants can also get higher because the occupants get the opportunity to
influence the internal environment and thereby have a higher tolerance of temperature differences
and draft.
Using natural ventilation, the quality of the air and noise from open windows must be taken into
consideration. The incoming air cannot have a poor air quality and noise, for example generated by
the city traffic, must be considered. This means that in this project the openings for the ventilation
and the possibility to open windows must be away from the ground level along the roads.
When designing tall buildings, the designer needs to be aware of the risk of too high-pressure
difference in the building. The problem with too high-pressure difference can be overcome using
internal resistances (small openings), or using segmentation i.e. the building is divided into several
segments that are isolated from one another by open space.
SPACE:
The optimizing of space is evident in high rise buildings. The changes of the floor-to-floor height
might be minor for the single floors, but when designing a multistoried building it can add up to a
significant amount. Changes in the height thereby have a considerable influence on the overall cost
and the density of the building.
The floor-to-floor height is determent by of the required ceiling height, the depth of the structural
floor system and the depth of the space required for mechanical distribution. Saving height can be
obtained by reducing the floor span and thereby minimizing the height of the structure.
FUNCTION AND ORIENTATION:

The mix program of the building creates different sections of activities on the different floors. To
active a high performance of the building, in concern of low energy use, it is important that the
shape of the building and the placement of functions take both direct and indirect daylight into
consideration.
Optimal shapes of the floor plans and the placement of the apartments and the offices are
investigated in ill. 55. This is to study how the internal functions, that are stated in the program,
influence the shape of the building.
VOLUME AND PLACEMENT:

When designing tall buildings, it is very important to take the scale of the building into
consideration. The perception of scale has significant impact on the autonomous expression of the
building on a low scale context. Also, the vision declare that the building has to respect and relate
itself to the context.
THE CONTEXT:
The experience of the exiting city fabric also plays a role in the placement of a high building
volume. The height of the building should relate to the height of the surrounding context. The
building height should also relate to the view from the main road.
MUMBAI:
Mumbai is one of the largest mega cities in the world in terms of population and is currently ranked
4th after Tokyo, Mexico City and New York. The city is the financial capital of India with a large
commercial and trading base. It plays host to many industries, multinational companies and
important financial institutions. With a per capita income, thrice that of the national average,
Mumbai makes huge contribution to the total tax revenues of the country. The city is also an
important international sea port and strategic from defence perspective. Unfortunately, the city is
also more vulnerable to climate risks due to its flood prone location and the landmass composed
largely of reclaimed land. The most vulnerable section is also the slum dwellers and squatter
communities in the city that comprise more than half of the total residents. Therefore, it is critical
for the city to assess the vulnerabilities and devise adaptation and mitigation mechanism to cope
with future climate risks.
Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay) is located on the western seacoast of India on the
Arabian sea at 18 0 53’ n to 19 0 16’ n latitude and 72 0 e to 72 0 59’ e longitude. It was originally a
cluster of seven islands, which were later joined to form the present city. Greater Mumbai region
(referred to as Mumbai in the text) consists of 7 islands in the city area and 4 islands in the suburbs.
The present-day city is divided into two revenue districts, Mumbai city district, i.e, the island city in
the south and Mumbai suburban district comprising the western and eastern suburbs. Mumbai
occupies an area of 468 square kilometres (sq. Km.) And its width is 17 km. East to west and 42 km.
North to south 6. The entire region encompasses rich natural heritage, such as, hills, lakes, coastal
water, forests, and mangroves, alongside built areas.
The municipal corporation of greater Mumbai (MCGM) is the primary agency responsible for
governance of the GMR or Mumbai city. The city is divided into different administrative zones
known as ‘wards’ to ease the day-to-day functioning of the civic authority.
The geographical location of the city and its physical, economic and social characteristics make the
city more vulnerable to the threats posed by climate risks, such as, sea level rises, storms and floods.
PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY:
Mumbai is an island outside the mainland of Konkan in Maharashtra state and is separated from the
mainland by a narrow creek known as thane creek and a harbour bay. The city is surrounded on
three sides by the sea: Arabian sea to the west, harbour bay in the west and thane creek in the east.
The height of the city is just 10-15 meters above the sea level. A large part of the city district and
suburban district is land reclaimed from the sea. The new industrial, commercial and residential
settlements have developed along the reclaimed coastal areas which are low-lying and flood prone.
Mumbai, being on the seacoast, experiences a tropical savanna climate 9,10 with a heavy southwest
monsoon rainfall of more than 2100 millimetres a year. Mumbai experiences three seasons– summer
from march to May, monsoon between June and September and winter during October to February.
The city receives heavy rainfall during monsoon and relative humidity is quite high during this
season. Similarly, winds are generally moderate but pick up during monsoon months. In the city
district, daily average temperatures range from the minimum of 23.7 0 c to the maximum of 31.2 0
c. The average total annual rainfall is 2146.6mm. In the suburban district, the temperatures vary
from the minimum of 16.3 0 c to the maximum of 33.3 0 c. This district receives the average annual
total rainfall of 2363.0 mm.
Mumbai, with a large population to cater to, requires basic infrastructure in the form of a large
transport network. Transport network in Mumbai comprises a huge railways and roads network. The
length of the railway tracks joining western and eastern suburbs with the island city is 25 km. And
30 km. Respectively. Plus, there are other railway tracks catering to smaller sections within the city.
Thousands of people avail of this vast network every day. The total length of the road network is
1941.172 km., out of which 506.480 km. Are in the island city and 927.05 km. In the suburbs.
FACTFILE OF MUMBAI:
AREA: 440 SQ. KILOMETERS
ALTITUDE: 8 METERS AVERAGE
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: LONGITUDE-18.96°N

LATITUDE- 72.82°E
POPULATION: 11,914,398 (2001 CENSUS)
LITERACY RATE: 77%
AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL: 2,200 MM
TEMPERATURE: SUMMER - 35°C TO 23°C, WINTER - 29°C TO 19°C
CLIMATE: HUMID (WITH MODERATING INFLUENCE OF THE SEA) THE SUMMER

MONTHS, (MARCH-JUNE) CAN BE VERY DRY AND HOT
RELIGION: HINDUISM, ISLAM, CHRISTIANITY, ZOROASTRIANISM, JAINISM AND
BUDDHISM
IMPORTANT FESTIVALS: HOLI, DIWALI, GANESH CHATURTHI, CHRISTMAS,
MOUNT MARY'S FEAST AND ID-UL-FITR.
LANGUAGES: HINDI, MARATHI, ENGLISH
MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS: MARINE DRIVE, CHOWPATTY BEACH, HANGING

GARDENS, CRAWFORD MARKET, NEHRU CENTRE AND NEHRU PLANETARIUM,
FANTASY LAND
BEST TIME TO VISIT: OCTOBER – FEBRUARY
MUMBAI TOURISM:
Mumbai, situated on Salsette Island, along the coast of Arabian sea is an Island City. Most of its best
tourist attractions and resorts lie around its appealing coastline and two exotic beaches like Juhu and
Girgaum Chowpatty, famous for their evening funfairs. Mumbai is most popular for its flourishing
“Bollywood film industry”. Other things making it famous are its colonial-style buildings, art deco
structures, teeming bazaars. The city owns the title of the dining capital of India being the place of
superb restaurants serving delicious foods. Colaba is the best tourist place to start with while
exploring Mumbai that provides multilingual guides to take you through the history of Mumbai.
PLACES OF INTEREST IN MUMBAI:

 Nehru centre and Nehru planetarium: Nehru centre and Nehru planetarium, located in
Worli, is the platform for different scientific and astronomical events and exhibitions
throughout the year. The huge domed building showing the mysteries of solar system on a
daily basis makes the planetarium impressive.
 Fantasy land: Fantasy land, in the western suburbs of the city is a huge amusement park
including innumerable exciting rides and attractions, famous of them being Ze Ulta Fulta
express roller coaster, pedal boats, roundabouts etc. It makes a tourist think twice to choose
between its American and Chinese-style restaurants.
 Essel world, near Gorai Beach and sprawling over 60 acres of land is said to be the leading
theme park of Mumbai among its 40 various attractions and rides, water kingdom is
recognized as the best water park in whole Asia. Roller Coasters too contribute to its fame.
 Prithvi theatre, in Juhu church road is the main attraction for theatre lovers for the past 40
years. Having a capacity to accommodate 200 people, Prithvi theatre hosts regular film
screenings, theatrical performances, Summer workshops, children shows and an annual
festival.
 Marine drive stretching over 5 km along the coastline surrounding Nariman point and
chowpatty beach is one of the most appealing places in Mumbai for possessing awesome
Ocean and sunset view.
 Veer Mata Jeejmata Udayan (Mumbai zoo) is famous for its Botanical gardens and exotic
creatures like lions, tigers, elephants, chimpanzees and parrots.
CULTURES AND FESTIVALS IN MUMBAI:
The Mumbai city reflects its multi-ethnicity and multi-cultural nature through its different festivals.
Apart from celebrating the typical Indian festivals as Holi, Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi etc., the city
celebrates Christmas, Mount Mary's feast and id-ul-fitr with the same vigour.
Ganesh Chaturthi is the most propitious festival of Maharashtra celebrated in the months of August
and September. The city turns itself to a complete extravaganza of devotion combined with fun.
Elephant festival, banganga festival,
Mt. Mary festival, kala ghoda festival are some of the other festivals celebrated in Mumbai.
Unlike other cities whose culture is portrayed by its people, language, religion, festivals, cuisine,
this cosmopolitan city also reflects its cultural heritage by the combination of new and old. Mumbai
being the habitat of people from varied culture and communities follows different religion though
the metropolitan upholds common trend by participating in every festival, irrespective caste and
creed which in turn symbolizes their love for life. The dynamic culture itself narrates its vibrant
present without forgetting the glorious past of the city.
A part of the city shines with wealth whereas the other part bears the pain of sluggish poverty.
Mumbaikars claim themselves to be the liveliest people and creates a fun-filled environment in
every festival. Their foods, clothes, music reflects a unique culture.
SHOPPING IN MUMBAI
Mumbai has got the most rocking shopping culture where people shop even to
Pamper themselves or falling for a fascinating trinket or just to loosen up purse.
Mumbaikars just enjoy shopping be it in the most lavish market place or in the
Street markets.
The downtown area of the city attracts handicraft lovers which harbors the handicraft emporia and
the most intricate
Art pieces. Avante, opposite regal cinema is the best place to be visited for the collection of
souvenirs.
Crawford market fascinates foodies for its huge storage of fresh fishes, meat and fruits. One can be
easily pampered by
Gifting beautiful and fresh flowers from this market.
SITE:
LIVE-SITE (NAMASTE TOWER)

LOCATION: LOWER PAREL
KEY STATISTICS:
• 16,000 M2 OF SITE AREA
• 380 KEY LUXURY HOTELS
• EXCLUSIVE RESTAURANTS, BARS, BANQUETING AND SPA FACILITIES
• 9,000 M2 OF A GRADE OFFICE SPACE
• 6,000 M2 OF WORLD CLASS RETAIL SPACE
• 300 M OVERALL BUILDING HEIGHT
NEARBY FACILITIES:
1. HOSPITAL (3.3KM)
2. RLY STATION (1.2KM)
3. AIRPORT (14KM)
4. MALL (0.35KM)
5. POLICE STATION (2.1KM)
The intention is to preserve the connection to the green areas around the site, especially the green
area west of the site.
CONCEPT:
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
 Aiming to break up the elements of any text to reveal meaning that is not apparent to the
surface of its narrative.
 The application of such theory stretches the concept of what can be called a text to include
built reality.
 alternation, manipulation and distortion of the surface de construction
 concept of fragmentation; building designs attempt to view architecture in bits and pieces,
buildings made up of abstract forms.
The main concept was to break a simple cuboidal form into smaller cuboids and shifting them from
their location.
This would help in reducing the wind turbulence on the building and create new spaces and
opportunities for other amenities.
DESIGN PARAMETERS:
Design parameters are made to sum the initial investigations and the analysis, which have been
made in the initial stages of the design process. The parameters describe the main elements that
should be integrated into the building design to improve the performance and the perception of the
building.
DAYLIGHT FACTOR: The openings of the façade as well as the building geometry should
be corresponding to the need of daylight inside the building to minimize the use of artificial light.
WIND: Wind turbulence around the building is important to avoid. The shape of the design must
break down the wind to minimize uncomfortable wind at the street level.
SHADING: To avoid overheating the shading must be taken into consideration when designing
the facade. The shading can prevent overheating in the summer and still allow daylight in the winter.
PLACEMENT OF FUNCTIONS: The placement of function should relate to the
orientation of the building. Hence the functions unique needs are corresponding with the
performance of the building.
VENTILATION: Natural ventilation can be implemented as an active part of the design to

minimize the energy use for obtaining good thermal conditions indoor.
GREENERY: Greenery can be used for their ecological and aesthetic benefits of the building
and improve the performance of the building and the indoor environments.
THE FACADE: The facade of the building should reflect the outdoor environmental as a
membrane with adjustable openings. The facade must respond to very cold winters and hot summers
and therefore must provide both insulation and openness.
CONSTRUCTION: Optimizing the construction is an important parameter to obtain the

optimal use of space. The construction therefore need to be integrated into the design and long spans
need to be avoided.
STUDY OF ELECTIVE-1:
URBAN DESIGN
THE IMPORTANCE OF URBAN DESIGN:
Urban design draws together the many strands of place-making -environmental responsibility, social
equity and economic viability, for example - into the creation of places of beauty and distinct
identity. Urban design is derived from but transcends related matters such as planning and
transportation policy, architectural design, development economics, landscape and engineering. It
draws these and other strands together. In summary, urban design is about creating a vision for an
area and then deploying the skills and resources to realize that vision.
UNBLOCKING THE BLOCKAGES:
The development process, and the players within that process - central and local government,
politicians and professionals, developers, financiers and builders – have become entangled in a
system which produces developments, but not places. We hope that this will fulfil a useful role in
redirecting efforts, to create a framework for development as a contributor to the creation of quality
places. There is a growing commitment on the part of funding agencies, as well as planning law and
guidance, to underpin this effort to ensure that developments will not be considered acceptable
unless they address the issue of place and do it well. To make quality places the norm rather than the
exception means overcoming a whole series of constraints, including:
• The compartmentalization of professional disciplines - the traffic engineer, chartered surveyor,
architect, landscape architect, and planner - rather than adopting a multi-disciplinary approach.
• The lack of recognition of the legitimate role of the public sector to promote high quality design
through planning, site assembly, procurement and investment.
• The predominantly conservative, short term and supply-driven characteristics of the development
industry - particularly the volume house builders, who concentrate on the ‘house’ product rather
than the creation of a ‘place’, lifestyle or community.
• The property and financial industries’ preference for single use schemes and buildings.
• A lack of innovation in development approaches in respect of sustainable development, use of new

technology, construction efficiencies, and planning and design appropriate for the 21st century.
KEY ASPECTS OF DESIGN:
 PLACES FOR PEOPLE
For places to be well-used and well-loved, they must be safe, comfortable, varied and attractive.
They also need to be distinctive, and offer variety, choice and fun. Vibrant places offer opportunities
for meeting people, playing in the street and watching the world go by.
 ENRICH THE EXISTING
New development should enrich the qualities of existing urban places. This means encouraging a
distinctive response that arises from and complements its setting. This applies at every scale - the
region, the city, the town, the neighborhood, and the street.
 MAKE CONNECTIONS
Places need to be easy to get to and be integrated physically and visually with their surroundings.
This requires attention to how to get around by foot, bicycle, public transport and the car - and in
that order.
 WORK WITH THE LANDSCAPE
Places that strike a balance between the natural and manmade environment and utilize each site’s
intrinsic resources - the climate, landform, landscape and ecology - to maximize energy
conservation and amenity.
 MIX USES AND FORMS
Stimulating, enjoyable and convenient places meet a variety of demands from the widest possible
range of users, amenities and social groups. They also weave together different building forms, uses,
tenures and densities.
 MANAGE THE INVESTMENT
For projects to be developable and well cared for they must be economically viable, well managed
and maintained. This means understanding the market considerations of developers, ensuring long
term commitment from the community and the local authority, defining appropriate delivery
mechanisms and seeing this as part of the design process.
 DESIGN FOR CHANGE
New development needs to be flexible enough to respond to future changes in use, lifestyle and
demography. This means designing for energy and resource efficiency; creating flexibility in the use
of property, public spaces and the service infrastructure and introducing new approaches to
transportation, traffic management and parking.
WHAT IS MEANT BY URBAN STRUCTURE:
The term urban structure refers to the pattern or arrangement of development blocks, streets,
buildings, open space and landscape which make up urban areas. It is the interrelationship between
all these elements, rather than their particular characteristics that bond together to make a place.
Urban structure does not imply any particular kind of urbanism: it applies equally to the center and
to the suburb, and everything in between; and of course it applies equally to the city, the town and
the village.
WHY URBAN STRUCTURE IS IMPORTANT:
The urban structure provides the foundations for detailed design of the constituent elements. It
creates a coherent framework, which forms the basis of the design of individual developments -
quite possibly by different actors - in order to achieve the following:
 Integration
 Connection and overlap with surrounding areas.
 Functional efficiency
So that individual elements (buildings, streets, open space etc.) Work together as part of an efficient
whole.
• Environmental harmony
 Creating development forms that are energy efficient and ecologically sensitive.
 A sense of place
 Creating somewhere that is recognizably distinct but simultaneously strengthens local
identity.
 Commercial viability
Responding to the realities of market influence on development mix and delivery.
MIXING USES:
Absorb the ‘big-box’ into the mix
Sustainable development requires that:
• out-of-town development, often mono-functional in nature, such as industrial, office and retail
parks, is curtailed;
• these elements are brought back into urban centers, to become part of the urban mix.
This has fundamental implications in terms of form, density and parking, particularly how to
accommodate ‘big-boxes’ (whether multiplexes, superstores or retail warehouses) - as developers
will often be reluctant to change their standard approaches.
It is important to establish that the provision of such facilities must be appropriate to the needs of the
locality, and must not impose socio- economic costs on the community in terms of traffic
generation, visual blight and undermining established centers.
WRAP AND CAP THE ‘BIG-BOX’
Large stores and other large ‘big-box’ units that are often stand-alone, with exposed ‘dead’
frontages, create particular problems for active and attractive streets. However, such building types
can be modified to become compatible with fine-grained urban settings by mixing horizontally
and/or vertically with other uses, which may involve:
• wrapping the perimeter on the street faces with smaller unit.
• building other uses on the air space above the box.
• incorporating a well-designed upper façade for roof top parking
•externalizing more active uses (such as cafés and boutiques) and increasing their ‘transparency’ to
the street.
ENERGY AND RESOURCE EFFICIENCY:
Depending on the site, in many cases there is a hierarchy of considerations as to how to use
renewable energy resources. Often, the order of consideration is:
• sun;
• rainwater;
• ground;
• wind.
Whilst maximizing the contribution of these resources, it is important to minimize environmental

demands and ensure the efficient conversion or disposal of waste.
SOLAR DESIGN:
 TURN TOWARDS THE SUN
There are four main ways of using the sun in buildings: daylight; passive solar gain; photovoltaic
(pv) modules; and active solar panels.
 LET THE LIGHT IN
As a general rule, the more sun the better (potential problems of overheating and glare can be dealt
with during the building design stage). Contrary to some attitudes and guidelines, it is possible to
achieve high levels of natural light penetration with tight urban form. But a balance needs to be
struck between new development and the constraints imposed by the local setting, particularly in
relation to the land use and street pattern of adjacent areas and the height and roofs cape of adjacent
buildings.
WATER:
 COLLECT, STORE AND RECYCLE RAINWATER
Retaining surface water reduces the need for drainage infrastructure and energy for pumping, with
their extensive capital and maintenance costs. Streams, rivers, canals, ponds and lakes can be
incorporated into surface water retention systems, whilst simultaneously providing attractive visual
landscape features and valuable ecological habitats.
They can also be linked to the recycling of grey water (run-off from roofs and other hard surfaces)
for the irrigation of plants. Maintenance and management requirements must be carefully considered
at the outset, and particular care needs to be taken where contamination is present.
WIND:
WORK WITH THE WIND
Wind is both a friend and foe. In the summer, mild breezes ventilate buildings and improve comfort
whereas in the winter winds increase heat loss. Harness the potential of the wind for natural
ventilation and as a possible energy source. Design and position buildings to minimize funneling
and the creation of uncomfortable microclimates. Landscape also has a role to play in influencing
wind patterns.
Throughout the year at suitable sites wind energy can even provide a source of electricity. Normally
such sites will be in more exposed areas. Surprising as it may seem, it may be possible to use the
wind even in urban situations, as indicated by the audacious roof top wind turbine in Dublin.
LANDSCAPE:
 OPEN SPACE AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN:

Provide a variety of open space types
It is necessary to assess the quality of existing provision in the wider context (particularly for a large
site or area), and use this as the basis for deciding on the elements of a proposed open space
hierarchy.
SQUARE CENTERED ON KEY CIVIC BUILDING COURT LOCATED IN BLOCK INTERIOR

CIRCUS AT STREET INTERSECTION
PUBLIC ACCESS TO OPEN SPACES:
 PARKS WITHIN WALKING DISTANCE
It is important that space for children’s play, nature conservation and sports are provided within
walking distance. Local parks are ideally placed within 3-5 minutes’ walk (250 - 400m) of the
majority of homes.
 CREATE A SKYLINE
The skyline created by the roofs of buildings not only adds visual interest, but also conveys
particular activities (churches or civic centers for instance) and concentrations of uses (such as
clusters of office buildings indicating the business center). Sloping land offers special opportunities
for the roofs cape to emphasize natural forms and make a place of real distinction.
VISTAS:
 POINT AND LINE
A clear network of routes or paths allows an easily useable series of connections between places,
creating a favorable image in the memory. Views and vistas aligned with key buildings are
particularly useful to the visitor. The most memorable routes are often those with a varied sequence
of long and short views, terminated with landmarks.
FOCAL POINTS:
 WELCOME PEOPLE WITH AN ENTRANCE
The most important transport interchanges or nodes serve as gateways to a town or city center. Main
junctions, roundabouts, footpaths, car parks, rail and bus stations are all arrival points. Emphasizing
their prominence is important to clarify where the center begins (usually marked by a change of use
and by building height) and prevent the indistinguishable blurring of center and edge.
MAKING THE CONNECTIONS
 WHAT IS MEANT BY THE CONNECTIONS
Towns exist for interaction. They depend upon movement systems - roads, streets, footpaths and
public transport routes; also, the service utilities (water, gas, electricity, etc.) Which make urban life
possible. These connections allow towns to work and link to the wider world. None of these
movement systems exist in isolation. As well as being the means by which we get around and
buildings are serviced, they are a crucial component of urban character.
Just as much as architecture or landscape they help determine whether places are good or bad. So
whatever their function, connections need to be thought of as an integral part of the urban fabric.
 LINKING UP
New developments need to be clearly linked to existing routes. The more direct links there are, the
more successful will be the integration of new and old.
 MOVEMENT CHOICES
Connections should give people the maximum choice in how to make their journeys, with a
presumption in favour of walking, cycling and public transport.
 A SENSE OF PLACE
Making connections is an essential part of creating a sense of place. This means that roads, streets
and the routes for utilities should be designed in response to the local context.
 SAFE ROUTES FOR ALL
Maximizing choice in how people move around means creating routes all of which are felt to be
safe. Segregated routes for people on foot and cycles are not always the best solution.
 THE PARKING PROBLEM
Parking needs as much thought as connections. Indeed a poor parking strategy can wreck a scheme.
 BETTER TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Design the layout of buildings and spaces to help control the flow and density of traffic. Signs and
add-on traffic calming features should only be relied on as additional measures.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT:
When it’s too far to walk or cycle the best alternative to the car within an urban area is generally the
bus. The movement framework for new development should provide for a direct bus route, or failing
that easy access to an existing route. Discussions with potential operators will identify what kind of
service can be provided and the type of bus to be used.
PARKING AND SERVICING:
Cars are stationary for most of the time. Where and how they are parked can be a major factor in the
quality of a development. Having decided what level of parking provision to make, the main
consideration is how to incorporate parking in a development without allowing it to dominate
everything around.
Cycle parking is as important, but often overlooked. As well as designated parking near to popular
destinations thought should be given to where people will leave their bike when they get home.
POSITIONING PARKING:
 Put parking behind, under, above or to the side of the building
The manner in which car parking is arranged has a fundamental effect on the quality of place.
Vehicles should not be allowed to dominate the space, or to inconvenience pedestrians and cyclists.
The best places for off-street car parking are in secure rear courtyards, where these are well
overlooked. What to avoid is parking within the front curtilage. This breaks up the frontage, restricts
informal surveillance and is generally ugly.
 BASEMENTS AND MULTI-STOREYS:
The benefit of underground parking is that it allows the street frontage of buildings to be maintained.
It may be possible to service ground story shops and businesses from the underground area. Parking
spaces demand a rigid geometry - a 16m wide space accommodates two rows of parking bays, but
this geometry should not necessarily dictate the design of the above ground building.
STUDY OF ELECTIVE-2:
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SKYSCRAPERS:
In the modern world of today and tomorrow, buildings shall provide maximum safety, consume few
resources during construction and operation and be flexibly adaptable to future requirements. The
intelligent integration of all building services installations offers an optimum to be attained for
safety, energy efficiency environmental compatibility and flexibility in combination with maxi-
mum comfort. A tailored total solution for electric power distribution, building automation, fire
protection and security systems create the added value the client expects.
TOTAL BUILDING SOLUTIONS:
Total building solutions establish a balance between the requirements for safety and security of
people and property and the desire for ease-of-use and problem-free operation. The result is a highly
automated, intelligent building, designed for the entire life cycle of the property. In its requirements
and structures, the total building solution refers to the technical building management (tbm)
disciplines.
 These customized solutions comprise:

 A central building control system
 Security and personnel control systems
 Control of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration
 Automated room and zone controls
 Power distribution
 Fire protection
 Protection against burglary and intrusion
 Access control
 Surveillance systems (CCTV and video)
 Lighting systems
 Integration of third-party systems
 Display of messages and building data
BUILDING AUTOMATION:
Building automation means comprehensive solutions and services for controlling the heating,
ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, shutters and sun shields as well as the integration of electric
power distribution –ranging across individual rooms, entire floors and complete buildings and also
managing distributed property areas.
AUTOMATED ROOM AND ZONE CONTROLS:
Modern automated room control concepts provide integrated solutions for the air conditioning,
lighting and sun shielding as an important precondition for the well- being and performance
capability of those using the room. Switches and regulators for the operation of all room functions
are available in various designs to satisfy individual requirements and architectural demands.
FIRE PROTECTION:
Fire requires an initial ignition and then oxygen to keep burning. Therefore, wherever people live
and work, there is always a danger of fire. Constructional measures alone are not sufficient to
prevent the initial ignition turning into a real fire. For this reason, effective fire protection is
essential. Effective fire protection is in place, when the following two conditions are satisfied.
Firstly, the fire must be detected quickly and clearly and signaled. And secondly, correct measures
must be implemented as quickly as possible. This is the only way to avoid direct fire and
consequential damage or at least to keep this to a minimum. Implementing the chain of action
"prevent – detect – fight – learn “can be considered the control loop of integral fire protection.
The model high-rise directive (MHRD) demands for fire protection:
–firefighting lifts
– with separate wells, into which fire and smoke cannot infiltrate
– with stops on every building floor
– at a distance of max. 50 m (running direction) to every place on that floor
Positive pressure ventilation systems, so that the infiltration of smoke into interior safety stairwells
and their lobbies as well as firefighters' lift shafts and their lobbies is prevented.
Automatic fire extinguishing systems with two rising mains cables in separate shafts
Fire alarm systems, fire alarm control center, fire emergency lift control; fire alarm systems must be
equipped with automatic fire detectors, which ensure complete monitoring of all of the
– rooms
– installation ducts and conduits
– hollow spaces of false floors
– hollow spaces of suspended ceilings
(mains-powered smoke detectors are sufficient for apartments).
THE FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
Each application requires a suitable extinguisher. Whether powder, wet, foam or a combination of
these extinguishing systems: a fire extinguishing strategy that has been worked out individually and
tailor-made not only protects your building, but also the environment when a fire breaks out.
SAFETY LIGHTING
The German MHRD demands a safety lighting system for high-rise buildings which is automatically
switched on in case of a failure in the normal lighting. It must be available
 On emergency escape routes

 In the lobby areas of lifts
 For the safety signs of emergency escape routes
In addition to this, safety lighting fulfils more protection requirements, such as the illumination of
firefighting and alarm systems, thus facilitating rescue activities.
ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL INSTALLATIONS IN BUILDINGS:
 LIFTS:
High-rise buildings must have at least two lifts with stops on every complete story. Both lifts must
be within easy reach from every part of the story.
lift stops must only be accessible from corridors or lobbies. In story’s without windows (e.g.
underground car parks, basements, technical equipment floors), lift access must be confined to
lobbies only.
At least one lift must be suitable for carrying wheelchairs, stretchers and loads (minimum depth of
2.1 meters) and must be directly accessible from the public traffic zone and all story’s providing
recreation rooms, without that passengers would be required to overcome any stairs.
a sign must be fixed at the access ways to the lifts indicating that their use is prohibited in case of
fire. In the lobbies to the lifts, signs must indicate the story level number and the nearest stairs.
Additionally, it may be required that lifts be connected to a standby power supply so that they can at
least be driven to the building entrance level one after the other in case of a general power failure.
STANDBY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM:
All of the electrically operated life safety equipment, such as emergency lighting, lifts for
firefighters and for the evacuation of people, indoor radio communication for security staff, water
pressure risers, fire alarm and firefighting systems, safety-relevant ventilation and gas alarm
systems, as well as access control and access prevention systems must be connected to the standby
power supply.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 LOWER PAREL | NAMASTE TOWER | 300 M | 62 FL | SITE PREP

http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/21918714/1815921309/name/MUMBAI+Namaste+Tower++3
00+m++62+fl.pdf
 MUMBAI - WIKIPEDIA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai
 CLIMATE OF MUMBAI - WIKIPEDIA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mumbai
 ARCHPEDIA WEBSITE
http://archpedia.com/Styles-Deconstructivism.html
 BUILDING AUTOMATION:
https://w5.siemens.com/tra/documents
 BASIC STATISTICS ON MMR, MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY,
http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/basic_information.htm
 MAPS OF MUMBAI
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/delhimetro/files/maps_pdfs/
 VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOODS AS SPACES OF HOPE AND DESPAIR

http://canada.metropolis.net/mediacentre/sutama_ppt_feb5_10_e.pdf
 MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
https://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/267535/1/Mosey+MS+Thesis+
2012.pdf

Vertical Neighbourhood at Mumbai by Shivam Singh

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VISHVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI-590018

“VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD AT MUMBAI”

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

“VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD AT MUMBAI”

PROF. _________________ PROF. _____________________

EXTERNAL EXAMINER 1 EXTERNAL EXAMINER 2

NAME: SHIVAM SINGH

Vertical neighborhood is basically a mixed-use skyscraper accommodating commercial,

2. RATIONALE FOR SELECTION

3. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

10. STUDY OF ELECTIVE 1

11. STUDY OF ELECTIVE 2

Vertical Neighborhood is basically a Mixed-Use Skyscraper accommodating Commercial,

DADAR, MUMBAI, 2009-15

ARCHITECT: SSA ARCHITECTS, MUMBAI

CLIENT: THE KOHINOOR GROUP

PLOT AREA: 18,615 SQ.M

FLOOR AREA: 50,000 SQ.M FOR COMMERCIAL

HEIGHT: 203 METERS MAIN BUILDING, 142 METERS RESIDENCE BUILDING

FLOOR COUNTS: 52 STORIES, 28 STORIES

•The climate of Mumbai is a Tropical Wet and Dry Climate.

•The mean average is 27.2 °C

At 11 th floor the first refuge floor is provided

• 3 lobbies of 6 lifts serving levels 25 th to 39 th

• 1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels 1 st to 24 th

• there is a lift bank at 24 th floor .

• 2 services lifts travelling throughout the building

• 2 stair cases are also placed in the core

132 units from 14 th to 26 th floor 13 stories of parking below

Parking-3500 (brought from bmc)

Central core serves 3 lifts and 1 services lifts

There are 8 units on each floor 6 on 17 th floor which is refuge floor

Units- 2.5 bhk 3bhk 3.5 bhk

PILE FOUNDATION USED

NAMASTE TOWER, LOWER PAREL

LOCATION: MUMBAI, INDIA

300 M (62 FLOORS)

• 120,000 m2 of gross construction area

• 380 key luxury hotels

• Exclusive restaurants, bars, banqueting and spa facilities

• 9,000 m2 of a-grade office space

• 6,000 m2 of world class retail space

• 300 m overall building height

FATHER AND SON SKYSCRAPER

ARCHITECTS: IAMZ STUDIO

LOCATION: CAIRO, EGYPT

LEAD ARCHITECT: AHMED ELSEYOFI

Project elements: administration, residential, tourist area,

Cultural district, media zone, recreational area,

a part for public services, small medical zone “for emergency”

UNDERGROUND FLOORS: MIDDLE FLOORS:

LOWER FLOORS: TOP FLOORS:

FUNCTION AND ORIENTATION:

VOLUME AND PLACEMENT:

AREA: 440 SQ. KILOMETERS

ALTITUDE: 8 METERS AVERAGE

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: LONGITUDE-18.96°N

LITERACY RATE: 77%

AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL: 2,200 MM

TEMPERATURE: SUMMER - 35°C TO 23°C, WINTER - 29°C TO 19°C

CLIMATE: HUMID (WITH MODERATING INFLUENCE OF THE SEA) THE SUMMER

LANGUAGES: HINDI, MARATHI, ENGLISH

PROF. _ PROF. _____