TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – QC

AR 201

ARCH21S1-A21

FINAL ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED BY:

NAPIRE, MARY YSABELLE A.

SUBMITTED TO:

AR. ERIN SUMBILLA

January 14, 2022

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A market is a general term used in referring to a public place where the exchange of

products, merchandise, and services are bought or sold. A place where buyers and sellers

come in contact with one another where one receives the product and the other makes profit.

The market is divided or categorized into two sections, the wet market and the dry market. As

both sections offer fresh produce, a wet market often sells perishable goods such as meat, fish,

fruits, vegetables, etc. and products are expected to be sold fresh. Opposed to what a wet

market is, dry markets display merchandise that are dry goods such as household products,

clothing, accessories, supplies, electronics, etc.

Wet and dry markets all over the world are as the same in the Philippines where fresh

produce are sold. To give an overview, a palengke is actually a permanent wet market while

another term used which is the talipapa is a smaller version of a palengke and a “tiangge” or a

flea market sells the dry goods commonly apparels and are commonly second hand.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

 Parking. As it is a commercial space, parking space for customers and sellers are

provided with consideration to delivering trucks.

 Administration Office. To maintain order in the market and if there shall be concerns,

the administration will help.

 Clinic. If there shall be any need of medical care, the clinic will provide first aid.

 Storage Room. A space provided for additional resources like chairs, tents, etc.

 Police Station. In order to maintain the safety of people selling and buying in the

market, a police station should be included.

 Public Toilets. To give comfort and convenience to people who visit and it helps

maintain sanitation in the market.

 Meat Section. An essential section where consumers buy fresh pork and beef.

 Fish Section. As section that sells different kinds of fresh seafood.

 Vegetable Section. A place to sell a variety of fresh vegetables.

 Fruit Section. Different kinds of fresh fruits are provided in this section.

 Poultry/ Rice Section. Poultry and rice sections are provided especially for Asians.

 Canned/Dairy Products/Etc. Section. Other cooking essentials are considered to be

added.

 Flower Section. Fresh flowers for consumers who are looking for plants.

 Ice Section. To keep other merchandise fresh and for consumers to buy as is.

 Restaurant. As markets tend to be busy, a restaurant and dining stores are located in

the market for hungry or parched consumers and vendors.

 Bakery. As bread is a staple food, a bakery is included.

 Book Store. As most materials may be found in a market, it is essential to have a

bookstore provided for students and it makes it convenient for consumers to find school

and office supplies.

 Drugstore. Medicine is an essential wherever people go. Having a drugstore in a market

makes it easier for people looking for medicine and other health essentials.

 Kiosks. If ever consumers get hungry during their shopping, kiosks provide a great

ready to eat and go foods.

 Cellphone Repair Store. Living in modern times, a lot of people have phones and some

have more than one. Having a repair store makes it convenient for people in need as

part of the dry section.

 DVD/ VCD Store. Just like the cellphone repair store, another electronic store provided

solely for entertainment.

  Ladies / Men / Children Apparel Stores. As markets conveniently provides almost

everything, even apparel stores are included as clothes are essential and a human

need.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

 Safety And Security. Since it is a commercial place, it will be open to the public.

Therefore, it is necessary to keep vendors and customers safe.

 Material Management. Materials used should be locally available and less in

maintenance.

 Environmental Impact. Consider how the project would affect the environment before,

during, and after the construction. It should not affect the community or environment.

 Comfortability. Serving the public requires comfortability to the customers.

 Legibility. Consider the legibility of requirements like spaces and materials. And

assuring that it follows the National Building Code of the Philippines.

 Energy Efficiency. Appliances and fixtures are non- polluting and energy- saving.

 Ventilation. Proper ventilation is a must as it also affects the sanitation of the market.

 Sanitation. To keep the market from being a source of any disease.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

In the world people live in today, the world experiences a global pandemic due to a

zoonotic outbreak that started in markets. Markets are responsible for distributing and providing

food or ingredients to consumers. Although not all markets pose threats on what they sell, yet

some markets push boundaries on what they sell whether it is a legal or illegal trade of wildlife.

Therefore, markets, especially the wet section must be thoroughly planned to ensure safety of
not only consumer, but also the vendors. In reference of Lin, Dietrich, Senior, & Wilcove’s study

in 2021, they determined and proposed a taxonomy of wet markets.

Since the pandemic broke, majority of the world developed xenophobia against Asian

countries especially China. This study would like to reiterate the problem. Wet Markets often

considered as wildlife markets in other countries such as China and Indonesia sell non

domesticated animals that are alive or dead.

Fig.1 Organization of Wet Markets

Lin et al., 2021

 According to Lin et al., humans may have higher exposure to pathogens in domesticated

animals, while lower exposure in wild animals. With that said, exposures can still trigger

diseases that may leave outbreaks no matter how high or low they are. Most of historic

outbreaks came from markets that sell wild animals.

Fig. 2 Animal Markets Classified According to Merchandise Sold

Lin et al., 2021

Organizational planning is an essential as it affects the quality of products sold in a

market. Firstly, market size should be considered as how many people may it contain and how

much space products may consume. Larger markets tend to pose higher human health risks as

it serves larger number of consumers. As eloquently stated by Lin et al., (2021) “In the SARS

epidemic of 2003, around 40% of early patients were food handlers with probable animal

contact; most of these patients lived closer to wet markets than to animal farms, suggesting that
markets, not farms, were the initial source of transmission.57 Animal handlers in these markets

also had a considerably higher prevalence of SARS-CoV antibodies than did vegetable sellers

in the same markets, corroborating this assertion.” As mentioned earlier, organizational planning

can affect he quality of products. Mixing of animal species within wet markets can produce a

viral disease, which collides with sanitation and poses a health risk. This is highly known a

cross-contamination which often is the reason why restaurants are shut down for good. Such

example for cross-contamination in wet markets are towels hung above fresh meat. A towel that

many are not sure how much it absorbed due to poor ventilation and some using it for common

use.

Fig. 3 Possible Cross-Contamination Example

 Overall, many factors must be considered in order to prevent such health risk from

happening. Evaluating the market size how much can it accommodate, accounting the animal

species sold, hygiene conditions, and intermixing of animal products. If such measures are

strictly observed, Markets can be a safe and sanitized place for the community.

LOCAL LITERATURE

With the common risks and problems addressed in the foreign literature, the

organizational planning of wet and dry markets will be discussed here. A lot of considerations

must be made to keep markets safe for the community. Aside from the legal documents to be

obtained, according to the Executive Order No. 648, location of the said market must be within

the designated zone accessible to the major road which gives way for trucks to deliver for the

market. The site of the market should be located at least 50 meters from schools, religious

institutions, public offices, funeral establishments, and other public gathering places, and 25

meters from places that may be a source of contamination. Around 10, 000 to 150, 000 people

shall be accommodated or served in a market. And if ever located by a nearby to a body of

water, it shall be in accordance with the Water Code of the Philippines.

 Fig. 3 Market Location

With regards to the flow or circulation in the market, delivery trucks should have access

for loading and unloading goods and pedestrians should have enough space to avoid

obstructing to flow of marketgoers. In line to keep the sanitation in the market as it is one of the

main reasons why a market may be source of disease, the Department of Health (DOH)

implemented rules and regulations regarding the sanitation of markets in the Philippines PD

856. It is stated that materials used shall be durable and resistant to wear and corrosion. Wall

partitions should use non toxic materials and erect at 1.22 meters from the floor. This is to keep

the circulation going within the market. Display tables and counters should be made from

impervious materials to clean it easily. In addition to that, tables and counters should have

tables drains installed. As for the Ventilation, 60% of humidity shall be maintained and have

26.7 degrees Celsius temperature. This includes customer space which is 0.74 square meter

per customer.
 With regard to safety, DOH stated that proper fire exits shall be provided in accordance

to the Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1185). Most importantly, sectioning or zoning of

merchandise. And as stated in section 4 of PD 856 under 4.1 the water supply, there is a water

supply to be maintained. Adequate water pipes and distribution should be maintained as well to

keep the market clean. Ice used in the market should come with sanitary permits. Under the

decree also discusses the sewage disposal system.

Fig. 4 Sample Organizational Plan Fig. 5 Sample Section Plan

CONCLUSION

To conclude this study, It is essential to carefully think of how a market will work.

Referring to the guidelines set by the government officials and experts for the public can help

prevent human health risks. Even if the market itself abides with the rules and regulations,

consumers and vendors also have the responsibility to keep the market clean. Poor cleanliness

and sanitation triggers diseases that may produce an outbreak. The main point is to keep the

market organized and clean. Never mix products for it may cause cross-contamination.

REFERENCES
Lin, B., Dietrich, M. L., Senior, R. A., & Wilcove, D. S. (2021, June). A better classification of

wet markets is key to safeguarding human health and biodiversity. Sciencedirect.Com.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519621001121

Department of Health. (1998, December). Markets and abattoirs.

https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/Chapter_4_Markets_and_Abattoirs.pdf

Office of the President. (1981, February). Executive order no. 648. https://hlurb.gov.ph/wp-

content/uploads/laws-and-issuances/policies/Markets.pdf