Lecture 4

Factors Affect Global Climate

 OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

• Differentiate climate and weather.

• Explain the factors that affect global
climate.
Climate and Weather
Climate
The average weather
conditions of an area over
along period of time.

These conditions include

(ave temp., air pressure,
humidity and days of
sunshine).
What is the weather
today?
 Weather
The day-to-day temperature and precipitation
activity in the atmosphere.

Describes interactions of air, water, and solar

energy in specific period of time.
WINTER SUMMER

AUTUMN SPRING
 Seasons
Division of the year marked by changes in
weather, ecology, and the amount of daylight

Results from the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and

the Earth’s axial tilt relative to the ecliptic plane.
 Why is it many people
visit Baguio City during
dry season?
 Why is it many people visit Baguio City
during dry season?
• Because of the cold
climate there.
• Has an annual
average
temperature of 16 ℃
• Has an elevation of
1435m above sea
level.
 Why do mountain
climbers wear jackets and
thick clothes when they go
up the mountain?
 Why do mountain climbers wear jackets and
thick clothes when they go up the mountain?

• The air temperature decreases as the

altitude increases.
• For every 1000 m, there is a drop of
6.5℃.
• At higher altitudes, there is less air
with molecules farther apart making
the air less dense.
• Lighter air cannot absorb much heat,
making the air temperature lower.
• Decrease in temperature is due to
the decrease in air pressure.
Natural Factors Affect Global
Climate
Solar Activities
Refers to solar
irradiance, solar
magnetic field(cosmic
rays), ultraviolet
radiation (UV), and
others.

Earth’s magnetic field deflects harmful

strong solar winds and rays
El Niño Phenomenon
A recurrent normal
phenomenon that
occurs in the ocean,
producing extreme
weather conditions in
many parts of the
world.
Cloud Cover
Cloud reflect sunlight,
provide shade and
keep parts of Earth
cool.
Water vapor in clouds also
acts as greenhouse gas,
trapping some heat and
bounces it back.
Forest Fires
Wild forest fires release
more carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere,
that contributes to
global warming by
trapping heat in the
atmosphere.
Volcanic Eruptions
When there are volcanic
eruptions, ash and gases
are ejected into the
stratosphere.

This blocks the sunlight.

Abundantly release water

vapor, carbon dioxide,
and sulfur dioxide.
Oceans
Oceans cover 75% of the
Earth’s surface,
dominating energy and
water cycles of the Earth.

Oceans absorb large

amounts of solar energy
and distribute this to
various parts of Earth
through ocean currents.
Human Activities Affect Global
Climate
Anthropogenic Activities

are directly or
indirectly responsible
for a large fraction of
the tropospheric
aerosol, even in
relatively remote
regions of the globe.
 Anthropogenic Activities

• Burning of fossil fuels.

• Deforestation
• Greenhouse gases
 Burning of fossil fuels

• It releases large
amounts of carbon
dioxide, methane
and nitrous oxide.

• Transportation
 Deforestation

• For space, lumber

and mining
activities.

• More carbon
dioxide stays in the
atmosphere.
 Greenhouse gases
• These are a result of waste disposal and
industrial practices.
Activity 4
 Guide Questions:
Based on the graph, do the following:

1. Compare the temperature in the past and recent

temperatures.
2. Which factors contribute to global warming?
3. Make a conclusion regarding the different factors that
affect global warming: Which one contributes the
most according to graph?
Evaluation 4
 Evaluation 4:
Identify the term being described in each item. Write the correct answer in the
space provided.
_________________1. Ash and gases are ejected into the stratosphere. This block the sunlight,
making it appear late at night even at the middle of the day.

_________________2. A recurrent normal phenomenon that occurs in the ocean, producing

extreme weather conditions in many parts of the world.

_________________3. It refers to the solar radiance, solar magnetic field, ultraviolet radiation and
others.

_________________4. It uses carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that contributes to global
warming by trapping heat in the atmosphere.

_________________5. It reflects sunlight, provide shade, and keep parts of Earth cool.