Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Roman Marushko
Program Manager, Flight Technical and Operator Certification (FTOC);
Chairman B73C, TCCA Operational Evaluation Board
Transport Canada Civil Aviation
Commercial Flight Standards (AARTF)
330 Sparks Street, Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N8
Tel: (613) 698-5433
e-mail: roman.marushko@tc.gc.ca
Deborah Martin
Chief, Commercial Flight Standards
Transport Canada, Civil Aviation
Standards Branch
Commercial Flight Standards Division (AARTF)
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Table of contents
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1. Record of revisions
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2. Introduction
2.1 General
The Transport Canada Flight Technical and Operator Certification (FTOC) section of the
Civil Aviation Standards Branch is responsible for the TCCA Operational Evaluation
(OE) program. FTOC’s objectives during the operational evaluation of a new or
modified aircraft are to determine:
1. The acceptability of a manufacturers training program for use by Canadian
operators;
2. Pilot qualification and type rating requirements including training, checking, and
currency requirements, and;
3. The operational suitability of an aircraft type.
This report lists those determinations for use by:
1. TCCA Inspectors who approve training programs;
2. TCCA inspectors; Approved Check Pilots (ACPs) who conduct Pilot Proficiency
Checks (PPCs) and Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) Evaluators who
conduct Line Operational Evaluations (LOEs); and
3. Aircraft operators and training providers, to assist them in developing their flight-
crew member training, checking and currency programs.
Determinations made in this report are based on the evaluations of specific B-737
series made in accordance with current regulations, standards and guidance.
Modifications and upgrades made to the series described herein, or introduction of new
related aircraft, may require amendment of the findings in this report.
NOTE
This report does not grant TCCA training program Approval. It is incumbent upon the
air operators to ensure their B-737 training program is approved by the Minister in
accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards and with the material
indicated in this report.
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NOTE
The terms “Pilot” and “Flight Crew” may be used interchangeably within this report,
and should be used specifically when dictated by the context of their use.
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3. Highlights of change
This Operational Evaluation Board (OEB) Report Revision 2 adds the Boeing 737-8200,
re-instates differences tables for the Boeing 737-800SFP from a previous FAA FSB
revision and adds the new Appendix 8. This OE Report revision updates content,
incorporates minor editorial updates and more closely harmonizes with the FAA Flight
Standardization Board Report (FSBR) Revision 18.
The following are highlights of changes in the report:
Cover page – Table updated;
Table of Contents updated
Section 1 – Record of Revisions updated;
Section 2 – Editorial updates;
Section 3 – Highlights of Change updated;
Section 4 – Editorial updates;
Section 5 – Acronyms added and removed;
Section 6 – Editorial updates;
Section 8 – Table 1 and content updated;
Section 9 – Editorial updates;
Section 10 – Editorial updates;
Section 13 – Editorial updates;
Section 14 – References updated;
Appendix 1 – Editorial updates;
Appendix 2 – Master Differences Requirements (MDR) Table updated;
Appendix 3 – Difference Tables (DTs) updated and added;
Appendix 4 – Supervised Line Flying (SLF) terminology replaced by Transition
Line Indoctrination (TLI);
Appendix 5 – Editorial updates;
Appendix 7 – Editorial updates;
Appendix 8 – New Appendix titled Supplemental training guidance to TCCA OE
report for B-737
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4. General
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In the event that alternate compliance is sought, training program credits, simulator
approvals, and device approvals may be significantly limited and reporting requirements
may be increased to ensure equivalent levels of training, checking, and currency are
maintained. TCCA will generally not consider relief through alternate compliance
means unless sufficient lead-time has been planned by an operator to allow for any
necessary testing and evaluation.
4.7 Boeing 737 MAX Initial Type Training, STAR and PEC course evaluations
TCCA conducted a joint operational evaluation with the FAA (lead authority) and EASA
of three separate B-737-8 type training courses in March and April of 2017 in Miami, FL
and Seattle, WA using a T5 evaluation process.
The three courses included an initial type training course, an FAA Shortened Transition
and Rating (STAR) course and an EASA Previous Experience Credit (PEC) course.
The initial type training course had a 26 day footprint, while the STAR/PEC courses had
an 18 day footprint. The reduced footprint of the STAR and PEC courses was achieved
by giving credit to pilots qualified on other Boeing types for commonality in flight deck
layout, operational philosophy, and similar handling characteristics. Pilots from all three
authorities with B-757 and B-787 experience evaluated the STAR and PEC courses.
The three courses were found to be acceptable by TCCA for use as the basis of an air
operator’s or private operator’s training program.
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Master Training and Checking Differences of B/B respectively were established in the
transition from the Boeing 737NG to the Boeing 737 MAX. The same B73C Pilot Type
Rating as the Boeing 737NG was assigned to the B-737-8.
In September 2017, TCCA, the FAA and EASA jointly evaluated differences from the B-
737 MAX (B737-8) to the B-737NG (B-737-800) using a T2/T3 evaluation process.
Master Level B/B differences were established in the transition from the B-737 MAX to
the B-737NG.
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4.14 Joint Operational Evaluation Board (JOEB) Evaluation of Boeing 737 MAX
design changes
In September 2020, TCCA, EASA and ANAC conducted a Joint Operational Evaluation
Board (JOEB) under the leadership of the FAA FSB to evaluate the updated 737-8 FCC
software version P12.1.2, revised Non-Normal Checklists (NNCs), and all proposed pilot
training in support of B-737-8 and B-737-9 design changes. The JOEB determined the
updated software version FCC P12.1.2 was operationally suitable. In addition, the JOEB
determined that the Boeing training evaluated, was acceptable for use by Canadian
Operators. Specific training requirements are listed in Appendix 7 of this OEB Report.
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737-8 and the B-737-8200. The B-737-8200 is incorporated into the B-737 MAX family
aircraft into the Appendix 2 MDR Table.
NOTE
The Boeing 737-8200 has not been type certified in Canada and is therefore not on
the TCCA TCDS A-146, nor assigned a TCCA Pilot Type Rating designator.
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5. Acronyms
AC Advisory Circular
ACP Approved Check Pilot
ACFT Aircraft
ADV Advanced
AFCS Automatic Flight Control System
AFDS Autopilot Flight Director System
AFM Airplane Flight Manual
AGL Above Ground Level
ANAC Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (Brazil)
ANCDU Alternate Navigation Control Display Unit
ANS Alternate Navigation System
AOA Angle of Attack
AOC Air Operator Certificate
AP Autopilot
APU Auxiliary Power Unit
AQP Advanced Qualification Program
AT Auto Throttles
ATC Air Traffic Control
AV Audiovisual Presentation
AWM Airworthiness Manual
BBJ Boeing Business Jet
BCF Boeing Converted Freighter
CAR Canadian Aviation Regulation
CASS Commercial Air Service Standard
CAT Category
CBT Computer-Based Training
CDS Common Display System
CDU Control Display Unit
CFIT Controlled Flight Into Terrain
COM Company Operations Manual
CPD Common Procedures Document
CPT Cockpit Procedures Trainer
CRM Crew Resource Management
DA Decision Altitude
DH Decision Height
DR Difference Requirements
DU Display Unit
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IR Infrared
IS&S Innovative Solutions and Support
ISFD Integrated Standby Flight Display
JOEB Joint Operational Evaluation Board
LAM Landing Attitude Modifier
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LOC Localizer
LOE Line Operational Evaluation
LOFT Line-Oriented Flight Training
LOS Line-Operational Simulation
LPV Lateral Approach Procedures with Vertical Guidance
MCAS Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System
MCDU Multi-purpose Control and Display Unit
MDA Minimum Descent Altitude
MDR Master Differences Requirements
MDS MAX Display System
MEL Minimum Equipment List
MFD Multifunction Display
MFF Mixed Fleet Flying
MLW Maximum Landing Weight
MTOW Maximum Takeoff Weight
MTW Maximum Taxi Weight
MZFW Maximum Zero Fuel Weight
N1 Rotational Speed of the Low-Pressure Compressor in a Dual-Spool Gas
Turbine Engine
NAV Navigation
ND Navigation Display
NG Next Generation
NM Nautical Mile
NNC Non-Normal Checklist
NPA Non-Precision Approach
NUCC Non-Uniformity Correction Calibration
OE Operational Evaluation
OEB Operational Evaluation Board
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
PEC Previous Experience Credit
PF Pilot Flying
PFD Primary Flight Display
PIC Pilot In Command
PM Pilot Monitoring
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6. Definitions
These definitions are for the purposes of this report only.
6.1 Base Aircraft – An aircraft identified for use as a reference to compare differences
with another aircraft.
6.2 Current – A crewmember meets all requirements to operate the aircraft under the
applicable CAR or CASS.
6.3 Differences Tables – Describe the differences between a pair of related aircraft,
and the minimum levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members. Difference levels range from A to E.
6.4 Master Differences Requirements (MDR) – Specifies the highest training and
checking difference levels between a pair of related aircraft derived from the
Differences Tables.
6.5 Mixed Fleet Flying (MFF) program– A program permitting the operation of a
base aeroplane and one or more variant of the same, common or different type by
one or more flight crew member, between training or checking events in
accordance with an approved process based on the recommendations of an OE
report that is acceptable to the Minister.
6.6 Operational Evaluation – A TCCA evaluation of the pilot qualifications
requirements of an aircraft type (pilot type rating, minimum flight crew member
training, checking and currency requirements, and unique or special pilot
qualification requirements (e.g., specific flight characteristics, no-flap landing)),
operational suitability of an aircraft type and the Original Equipment Manufacturer
(OEM) training program.
6.7 Operational Suitability – A determination during an operational evaluation that an
aircraft or system may be used in the Canadian airspace system and meets the
applicable operational regulations (e.g., CAR subparts 604, 605, 701,702,703,704
and 705 as applicable).
6.8 Qualified – A flight crew member holds the appropriate licenses and ratings as
required by the applicable operating regulations.
6.9 Related Aircraft – Any two or more aircraft of the same make with either the same
or different type certificates that have been demonstrated and determined by
TCCA to have commonality.
6.10 Seat Dependent Tasks – Maneuvers or procedures using controls that are
accessible or operable from only one flight crew member seat.
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8. Related aircraft
Type Certificate Data Sheet TCDS Identifier/Master
Marketing Name Pilot Type Rating
(TCDS)* Series
Boeing 737-800BCF
A16WE (FAA) B-737-800BCF (2) B-737 (FAA)
(B-737-800BCF)
Boeing 737 Next Generation (NG)
B-737-700C (2) (B-737NG)
A16WE (FAA) 2 B-737-900 (2) B-737 (FAA)
Boeing Business Jet 3
B-737-900ER (2)
(BBJ 3) (2) (5)
Table 1
B-737 TCDS/Master Series, Marketing Name and Pilot Type Rating names
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NOTES
(1) The B-737-100/-200/-200C series aircraft are not included on TCDS A-146.
These aircraft were accepted by TCCA prior to 1970, under the terms of the
Canada/U.S. Bilateral Airworthiness Agreement.
(2) The B-737-700C/-900/-900 Extended Range (ER) series, the Boeing Business
Jet Aircraft (BBJ1, BBJ2, BBJ 3 and BBJ MAX 8, and the B-737-8200/-9) have
not been type certified in Canada and are therefore not included on TCDS A-146,
nor assigned a TCCA Pilot Type Rating designator.
(3) The FAA has assigned the B-737 Pilot Type rating to all series of the Boeing 737,
but have grouped the series by marketing names (Boeing 737, Boeing 737CL,
Boeing 737NG and Boeing 737 MAX), which correspond to the TCCA pilot type
ratings (B73A, B73B and B73C).
(4) The B-737-800SFP is a Short Field Performance enhancement to the B-737-800.
The B-737-800SFP has differences in auto-slats, flap load relief, flap/slat
sequencing and spoiler deflection compared to the “standard” B-737-800. This
enhancement is basic to the B-737 MAX.
(5) The BBJ 1 is a B-737-700 series with Primary Flight Display (PFD)/Navigation
Display (ND) and HUD. The BBJ 2 is a B-737-800 series with PFD/ND and
HUD. The BBJ 3 is a B-737-900ER series with PFD/ND and HUD. The BBJ
MAX 8 is a B-737-8 series with HUD.
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9. Pilot training
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When an EDFCS that supports Fail Operational autoland operations with a Fail Passive
Rollout system is used, ground training is required during a preflight briefing prior to
flight training. This item must be included in initial, upgrade, transition, differences, and
recurrent training.
The B-737NG and B-737 MAX autoland systems are identical and do not require
differences training unless transitioning between the Fail Passive system and the Fail
Operational system.
9.2.1.4 B-737 MAX Flight Control System
The Elevator Jam Landing Assist system and the Landing Attitude Modifier (LAM)
ground training must address the system functions and associated flight spoiler
deployments. These items must be included in initial, transition, differences, and
recurrent training.
9.2.1.5 B-737 MAX Flight Control Computer (FCC)
MCAS ground training must address the latest FCC system description, functionality,
and associated failure conditions to include flight crew alerting. This training must be
included in initial, transition, differences, and recurrent training.
9.2.1.6 HUD
Training must address appropriate ground training elements for both HUD and non-
HUD operations as specified in Appendix 5, Head-Up Guidance (HUD) qualification
program. This item must be included in initial, upgrade, transition, differences, and
recurrent training.
9.2.1.7 B-737 MAX gear handle
Gear handle operation to address normal and non-normal procedures. This item must
be included in initial, transition, differences, and recurrent training.
9.2.2 TASE - Flight Training
Pilots must receive special emphasis on the following areas during flight training:
9.2.2.1 Automatic landings
When an operator is authorized for autoland operations, flight training must occur with
the appropriate Autopilot (AP) autoland systems (e.g., Fail Operational vs. Fail Passive).
This training can occur in either a full flight simulator (FFS) or aeroplane. Flight training
must ensure appropriate AFM limitations are addressed and complied with. This item
must be included in initial, upgrade, transition, differences, and recurrent training.
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The B-737NG and B-737 MAX autoland systems are identical and do not require
differences training unless transitioning between the Fail Passive system and the Fail
Operational system.
9.2.2.2 EDFCS
When an EDFCS that supports Fail Operational autoland operations with a Fail Passive
Rollout system is used, flight training can occur in either an FFS or airplane and should
address dual channel AP approaches. This item must be included in initial, upgrade,
transition, differences, and recurrent training.
The B-737NG and B-737 MAX autoland systems are identical and do not require
differences training unless transitioning between the Fail Passive system and the Fail
Operational system.
9.2.2.3 HUD
When HUD is installed and an operator is authorized HUD operations, training must
address appropriate flight training elements for both HUD and non-HUD operations as
specified in Appendix 5, Head-Up Guidance (HUD) qualification program. This item
must be included in initial, upgrade, transition, differences, and recurrent training.
9.2.2.4 Stabilizer trim
Applicable to all series of the B-737:
9.2.2.4.1 Training must emphasize the following during manual and electric
trim operations:
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c) Manual Landing Gear Extension (right seat); initial, transition and recurrent
training.
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10.1
Reserved
10.5 FSTD
An approved Level C of D B-737 FFS equipped with day and night visual scenes that is
representative of an operator’s specific B-737 configuration is required for checking.
The FFS requirements for Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) checking is provided
in Annex 1 of Appendix 5 of this report.
10.6 Equipment
There are no specific systems or procedures that are unique to the B-737 series aircraft
that require specific equipment.
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13. Miscellaneous
13.1 ETOPS
The B-737-600/-700/-800 and B-737-8 meet TCCA certification criteria for 180-minute
ETOPS operations. TCCA operational approval is required to conduct ETOPS.
Aircraft Category
B-737 C
B737CL C
B-737-600/700 C
B-737-800/900/900ER C or D
B-737 MAX C or D
NOTE
Due to the numerous maximum landing weight options among the B-737NG and the
B-737 MAX, determining an aircraft approach category may be done using the
certificated maximum flap setting of 40º and the particular airplane’s AFM maximum
certificated landing weight.
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14. References
1. FAA Flight Standardization Board (FSB) Report for the Boeing 737 Revision 18
dated 03/03/2021 (March 03, 2021) or later revision (http://fsims.faa.gov/).
2. FAA Advisory Circular AC120-53B, Change 1, Guidance for Conduction and Use of
Flight Standardization Board Evaluations, dated 10/24/16 (October 24, 2016) or
later revision (http://fsims.faa.gov/).
3. FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) A16WE Revision 68 dated 07/19/2021
(July 19, 2021) or later revision (http://fsims.faa.gov/).
6. Transport Canada Policy Letter, PL 173. Flight crew Member Qualification Credits
for Transition Programs and Mixed Fleet Flying Programs, dated July 25, 2007
7. Transport Canada Publication (TP) 6327, Safety Criteria for Approval of Extended
Range Twin-Engine Operations (ETOPS) dated June 2007
8. TCCA Type Certificate Data Sheet A-146, Issue No. 197, dated June 30, 2021 or
later issue.
9. Interim Order (IO) Respecting Certain Training Requirements (B-737-8 and Other),
No. 3 dated February 26, 2021, or later revision.
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D* - Prior to operating the 737 MAX aircraft with FCC software version P12.1.2 or newer, each pilot must complete the
required training outlined in Appendix 7. Appendix 7 serves as special training for ground and flight training
requirements for 737 MAX pilot qualification. The asterisk MDR annotation, “(D*) B/B” is intentionally used in the table
to call attention. Level C or D full flight simulator (FFS C-D) is required for the D* training.
(1) All Model 737-200 series airplanes having serial numbers 20492 and subsequent are the -200 advanced (737-200
ADV) series airplane and require Level B differences training when transitioning from the 737-100/-200. All earlier
airplanes can be kit-modified to the advanced configuration.
(2) Limited FMS pertains to B-737CL aeroplanes which retain partial FMS functions.
(4) The B-737-700C/-800BCF/-900/-900ER/-BBJ1/-BBJ2/-BBJ3 are not type certified in Canada and are not included in
the B73C pilot type rating designator. Refer to Note 2 in Section 8.0, following Table 1.
(5) The B-737-8200/-9/BBJ MAX 8 are not type certified in Canada and are not included in the B73C pilot type rating
designator. Refer to Note 2 in Section 8.0, following Table 1.
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This Design Differences table, from the Boeing 737-800 to the Boeing 737-8, was proposed by The Boeing Company and
validated by TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members.
No No
PANEL LAYOUT New MAX DISPLAY SYSTEM (MDS) B B
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Increased to:
ATA 21 PACKS:
ATA 21 PACKS:
AIR CONDITIONING Revised PACK light logic No Yes A A
EQUIPMENT COOLING:
ATA 21
EQUIP SMOKE light and Detection No Yes B B
AIR CONDITIONING
System
FCC
ATA 22
Added MCAS No No B B
AUTOFLIGHT
(See Appendix 7)
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FCC
ATA 22
AFDS functionality logic No No B B
AUTOFLIGHT
(See Appendix 7)
FCC
ATA 22
Revised STAB OUT OF TRIM light logic No Yes B B
AUTOFLIGHT
(See Appendix 7)
FCC
ATA 22
Revised SPEED TRIM FAIL light logic No Yes B B
AUTOFLIGHT
(See Appendix 7)
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ATA 27 FLAPS/SLATS
FLIGHT CONTROLS Position indicator relocated to MDS No No B B
ATA 27 SPEEDBRAKES/SPOILERS
No No B B
FLIGHT CONTROLS Emergency Descent Speedbrakes (EDS)
ATA 27 SPEEDBRAKES/SPOILERS
No B B
FLIGHT CONTROLS SPEEDBRAKE EXTENDED light logic No
ATA 27 SPEEDBRAKES/SPOILERS
FLIGHT CONTROLS SPOILERS light added No Yes B B
ATA 27 SPEEDBRAKES/SPOILERS
FLIGHT CONTROLS ASSIST ON light added No Yes B B
STABILIZER TRIM:
ATA 27
Stab Trim cutout switches panel
FLIGHT CONTROLS No No B B
nomenclature
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ATA 30
ENGINE ANTI-ICE
ICE AND RAIN No Yes B B
ADDITIONAL ENG ANTI-ICE alert
PROTECTION
ENGINE ANTI-ICE
ATA 30
REVISED COWL VALVE No Yes B
ICE AND RAIN
NOMENCLATURE AND COLOR B
PROTECTION
(AMBER)
ATA 30
WING ANTI-ICE
ICE AND RAIN No Yes B B
L / R VALVE ALERTS COLOR (AMBER)
PROTECTION
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LIGHTING CONTROLS
ATA 31
INDICATING/RECORDING Revised Display Brightness, Display
SYSTEMS Select Switch Panels, Master Dim and No No B B
Test
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ATA PFD
31INDICATING/RECORDIN Expanded Sky Ground and Compass
G SYSTEMS Display No No B B
AUX DISPLAY
ATA Added Flight number, Transponder,
31INDICATING/RECORDIN Selective Calling (SELCAL), Coordinated B
G SYSTEMS No No B
Universal Time (UTC), Date and Elapsed
time
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ATA
MAINT LIGHT (replaces Proximity Switch
31INDICATING/RECORDIN
Electronic Unit PSEU light) No Yes B B
G SYSTEMS
ATA 32
Autobrake switch relocated No No B B
LANDING GEAR, BRAKES
ATA 32 No No B B
Revised landing gear lock override switch
LANDING GEAR, BRAKES
ATA 34 FMS
No No B B
NAVIGATION FMC SOFTWARE U13 basic
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ATA 34 FMS
No No B B
NAVIGATION Variable Takeoff Rating function
ATA 34 FMS
No No B B
NAVIGATION Fuel Alerting and Fuel Management
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ATA 34
FUEL FLOW (engine display only)
NAVIGATION No Yes B B
ATA 36
BLEED AIR CONTROL PANEL
PNEUMATIC No No A A
Removed RAM DOOR FULL OPEN lights
ATA 36
BLEED AIR CONTROL PANEL
PNEUMATIC No
Revised BLEED light logic Yes B B
SYSTEM OPERATION
ATA 49
Removed Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
APU No No A A
MAINT light
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SYSTEM OPERATION
ATA 49
Removed APU Exhaust Gas Temperature
APU No No A A
EGT gauge
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INDICATORS
ATA 72, 73,77,78,80
Added THRUST alert No B B
POWER PLANT No
INDICATORS
ATA 72, 73,77,78,80
Added MOTORING indication for bowed No No B B
POWER PLANT
rotor logic
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This Maneuver Differences table, from the Boeing 737-800 to the Boeing 737-8, was proposed by The Boeing Company
and validated by TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members.
CROSS-FCC TRIM
MONITOR
See Appendix 7 No No D* A
DEMONSTRATION OF
MCAS ACTIVATION See Appendix 7 No No D* A
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D* - Prior to operating the 737 MAX aircraft with FCC software version P12.1.2 or newer, each pilot must complete the
required training outlined in Appendix 7
This Design Differences Table, from the Boeing 737-800/-900 to the Boeing 737-800SFP, was proposed by Boeing and
validated by TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members.
FROM BASE
AIRCRAFT:
737-800/-900
FLT PROC
DESIGN REMARKS TRAINING CHECKING
CHAR CHNG
TO RELATED
AIRCRAFT:
737-800SFP
CONFIGURATION Added two-position tail skid (option No Yes A A
requires APU drain mast re-position).
ATA 27
Added sealed leading edge slats No No A A
FLIGHT CONTROLS
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Boeing 737 Operational Evaluation Report, Revision 2 RDIMS #17171568
FROM BASE
AIRCRAFT:
737-800/-900
FLT PROC
DESIGN REMARKS TRAINING CHECKING
CHAR CHNG
TO RELATED
AIRCRAFT:
737-800SFP
ATA 27
Increased on-ground spoiler deflections No No A A
FLIGHT CONTROLS
ATA 27
Changed speed brake handle detent No No A A
FLIGHT CONTROLS
ATA 27
Changed SMYD software for improved No No A A
FLIGHT CONTROLS performance
ATA 31
ATA 34
Revised FMC for improved performance No No A A
NAVIGATION
ATA 73
Revised EEC software for performance No No A A
ENGINE FUEL AND credit
CONTROL
Page 57 of 174
Boeing 737 Operational Evaluation Report, Revision 2 RDIMS #17171568
This Maneuver Differences Table, from the Boeing 737-800/-900 to the Boeing 737-800SFP, was proposed by Boeing
and validated by TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members.
FROM BASE
AIRCRAFT:
737-800/-900
FLT PROC
MANEUVER REMARKS TRAINING CHECKING
CHAR CHNG
TO RELATED
AIRCRAFT: 737-
800SFP
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Added check for two-position tailskid No Yes A A
(optional).
Page 58 of 174
Boeing 737 Operational Evaluation Report, Revision 2 RDIMS #17171568
This Design Differences table, from the Boeing 737-800 to the Boeing 737-800BCF, was proposed by The Boeing
Company and validated by TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences
training and checking of flight crew members.
ATA 21
Removed Recirculation Fans No Yes A A
AIR CONDITIONING
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ATA 35
Added Supernumerary Masks No No A A
OXYGEN
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Boeing 737 Operational Evaluation Report, Revision 2 RDIMS #17171568
This Design Differences table, from the Boeing 737-8 to the Boeing 737-800, was proposed by The Boeing Company and
validated by TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members.
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Decreased to:
MTW
- 174,700 lb.
MTOW
WEIGHTS No No A A
- 174,200 lb.
MLW
- 144,000 lb.
MZFW
- 136,000 lb.
PACKS:
ATA 21
No No B B
AIR CONDITIONING Simplified Electronic Pack Flow Control
System
PACKS:
ATA 21
No Yes A A
AIR CONDITIONING
Revised PACK light logic
EQUIPMENT COOLING:
ATA 21
No Yes B B
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIP SMOKE light and Detection System
removed
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FCC
ATA 22
Removed Maneuvering Characteristics No No A A
AUTOFLIGHT
Augmentation System (MCAS)
FCC
ATA 22
Changed Autopilot Flight Director System No No A A
AUTOFLIGHT
(AFDS) functionality logic
ATA 22 FCC
No Yes A A
AUTOFLIGHT Revised STAB OUT OF TRIM light logic
ATA 22 FCC
No Yes A A
AUTOFLIGHT Revised SPEED TRIM FAIL light logic
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FLAPS/SLATS
ATA 27
No No B B
FLIGHT CONTROLS
Fixed position mechanical indicator
SPEEDBRAKES/SPOILERS
ATA 27
Yes No B B
FLIGHT CONTROLS
EDS removed
SPEEDBRAKES/SPOILERS
ATA 27
No Yes B B
FLIGHT CONTROLS
SPEEDBRAKE EXTENDED light logic
SPEEDBRAKES/SPOILERS
ATA 27
No Yes B B
FLIGHT CONTROLS
SPOILERS light removed
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SPEEDBRAKES/SPOILERS
ATA 27
No Yes B B
FLIGHT CONTROLS
ASSIST ON light removed
STABILIZER TRIM:
ATA 27
No No B B
FLIGHT CONTROLS Stab Trim cutout switches panel
nomenclature
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ENGINE ANTI-ICE
ATA 30
ICE AND RAIN No Yes B B
REVISED COWL VALVE NOMENCLATURE
PROTECTION
AND COLOR (BLUE)
ATA 31 CDS
INDICATING/RECORDING No No B B
SYSTEMS Six DUs
LIGHTING CONTROLS
ATA 31
INDICATING/RECORDING No Yes B B
Updated and Relocated Engine Display
SYSTEMS
Control Panel
LIGHTING CONTROLS
ATA 31
INDICATING/RECORDING No No B B
Revised Display Brightness, Display Select
SYSTEMS
Switch Panels, Master Dim, and Test
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ATA 31 PFD
INDICATING/RECORDING No No B B
SYSTEMS Sky Ground and Compass Display changes
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ATA 31
INDICATING/RECORDING PSEU light (replaces MAINT light) No Yes B B
SYSTEMS
NOSEWHEEL STEERING
ATA 32
No No B B
LANDING GEAR
Switch relocated
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ATA 32
Autobrake switch relocated No No B B
LANDING GEAR
ATA 32
Revised landing gear lock override switch No No B B
LANDING GEAR
FMS
ATA 34
No No B B
NAVIGATION
FMC SOFTWARE U13 not basic
FMS
ATA 34
No No B B
NAVIGATION
Variable Takeoff Rating function
FMS
ATA 34
No No B B
NAVIGATION
Fuel Alerting and Fuel Management
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ATA 34
CDU Pages Removed or Revised: N1 Limit No No B B
NAVIGATION
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SYSTEM OPERATION
ATA 49
AIRBORNE AUXILIARY No No A A
Added Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) MAINT
POWER
light.
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SYSTEM OPERATION
ATA 49
AIRBORNE AUXILIARY No Yes B B
Removed Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) DOOR
POWER
light
ENGINES:
ATA 72, 73, 77, 78, 80
No Yes B B
POWERPLANT
CFM56-7 engines
EEC SYSTEM
ATA 72, 73, 77, 78, 80
No No B B
POWERPLANT
Added Overboost rating
EEC SYSTEM
ATA 72, 73, 77, 78, 80
No No B B
POWERPLANT
Removed Icing Idle speed
INDICATORS
ATA 72, 73, 77, 78, 80
No No B B
POWERPLANT
Revised Display Format
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INDICATORS
ATA 72, 73, 77, 78, 80
No No A A
POWERPLANT
Added compact engine display
INDICATORS
ATA 72, 73, 77, 78, 80
No Yes B B
POWERPLANT
Removed THRUST alert
INDICATORS
ATA 72, 73, 77, 78, 80
No No B B
POWERPLANT Removed MOTORING indication for bowed
rotor logic
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This Maneuver Differences table, from the Boeing 737-8 to the Boeing 737-800, was proposed by The Boeing Company
and validated by TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members.
Page 74 of 174
Boeing 737 Operational Evaluation Report, Revision 2 RDIMS #17171568
This Design Differences table, from the BBJ 2 to the BBJ MAX 8, was proposed by Boeing and validated by TCCA. It lists
the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and checking of flight crew members.
This table in conjunction with the Design Differences and Maneuver Differences tables for the Boeing 737-800 to the
Boeing 737-8 list the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and checking of flight
crew members.
ATA 28
Auxiliary fuel controls and indications No No A A
FUEL
ATA 33
Flashing landing lights No No A A
LIGHTS
ANS
ATA 34
Overrun Warnings (ORW) No No A A
NAVIGATION
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Boeing 737 Operational Evaluation Report, Revision 2 RDIMS #17171568
This Design Differences table, from the Boeing 737-8 to the Boeing 737-9, was proposed by The Boeing Company and
validated by the TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members.
TO RELATED
AIRCRAFT:
B-737-9
Increased to:
MTW
- 195,200 lb.
MTOW
WEIGHTS - 194,700 lb. No No A A
MLW
- 163,900 lb.
MZFW
- 156,500 lb.
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ATA 31
Added Mid Exit Doors to the takeoff
No No A A
INDICATING / RECORDING configuration warning
SYSTEMS
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This Maneuver Differences table, from the Boeing 737-8 to the Boeing 737-9, was proposed by Boeing and validated by
TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and checking of flight
crew members.
NON-NORMAL
Added MID EXIT DOOR NNC No Yes A A
PROCEDURES
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This Design Differences Table, from the Boeing 737-8 to the Boeing 737-8200, was proposed by Boeing and validated by
TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and checking of flight
crew members.
ATA 52
No Yes A* A
* For the specific overwing emergency exit
DOORS
training requirements, refer to CAR
705.124(2)(a)(iv)(C), 604.143(1)(d),
604.169(2)(b) for flight crew or
705.124(2)(b)(iv)(C), 604.145(a),
604.179(z)(iii) for flight attendants.
Page 79 of 174
Boeing 737 Operational Evaluation Report, Revision 2 RDIMS #17171568
This Maneuver Differences Table, from the Boeing 737-8 to the Boeing 737-8200, was proposed by Boeing and
validated by TCCA. It lists the minimum differences levels operators must use to conduct differences training and
checking of flight crew members.
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Operating Experience for flying multiple series may be accomplished in any B-737
series aircraft. Additional Transition Line Indoctrination (TLI) must be accomplished in
accordance with the table below for those flight crews flying the series listed. When
differences training relates to qualification for FMS, TLI must also include use of
FMS. Such FMS required STLI pertinent to each flight crew member must be obtained
while serving in a flight crew position and include FMS operation. However, LOFT
involving FMS operation in an appropriately configured Level C or Level D FFS may be
substituted.
When differences training relates to qualification for PFD/ND, TLI must also include use
of PFD/ND. Such PFD/ND required TLI pertinent to each flight crew member must be
obtained while serving in a flight crew position and includes PFD/ND operation. For
flight crew members with previous EFIS experience, a 4 hour LOFT session involving
PFD/ND operation in an appropriately configured FSTD (minimum of a level 5 FTD),
may be substituted for 2 TLI Legs as specified in the table below.
Transition Line Indoctrination (TLI) Table
From B73A B73B B73B B73C B73C
Base B-737 B-737CL B-737CL B-737NG B-737 MAX
Aircraft → (Non-EFIS) (EFIS)
To Related
Aircraft ↓
B73C Not Evaluated Not Evaluated Not Evaluated Not Required Not Required
B-737 MAX
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NOTE
Pilots transitioning from one B-737 Pilot Type Rating to another (e.g. B73B to B73C)
or conducting Mixed Fleet Flying (MFF) with different B-737 Pilot Type Ratings (e.g.
B73B and B73C) require exemptions to specific provisions of CAR 705.106, CASS
725.106 and CAR 705.113.
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1.0 Background
The B-737NG and B-737 MAX (B73C) may be equipped with an optional single or dual
HUD, available through a Rockwell Collins (RC) STC. The B-737NG may be equipped
with RC HUD models HGS-2850 (early B-737-700) and HGS-4000. The B-737 MAX
may be equipped with the RC HGS-6000 HUD. Both the RC HGS-4000 and HGS-6000
HUDs are equivalent in functionality. The RC HGS-4000 HUD is capable of supporting
an Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS).
This appendix provides the training, checking and currency requirements for the
operational use by operators of a single or dual HUD for all phases of flight the HUD is
certified for and the operator is authorized to conduct. Annex 1 provides additional pilot
qualification requirements for the EFVS.
NOTES
1. For the purposes of this appendix, the term HUD is used generically to refer to a
Head Up Display. The term HGS refers to a Head Up Guidance System (HGS),
which is a RC HUD equipped with flight guidance for low and reduced visibility
operations. This appendix refers to the terms HUD or HGS as applicable.
2. This appendix does not apply to the RC HGS-2850 HUD.
3. The use of an HGS for low visibility take-off, approach and/or landing by
Canadian operators requires a Transport Canada Special Authorization/Specific
Approval (SA). Sections 9.0 and 10.0 of this appendix provides the training and
checking requirements for conducting taxi and take-off operations using the HUD
(HGS) during reduced and low visibility operations.
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NOTE:
For single HUD operation, training focuses principally upon training events flown in
the left seat by the Pilot-In-Command (PIC) as Pilot Flying (PF). SIC indoctrination
and training is essential. HUD training of Pilot Monitoring (PM) Second-In-Command
(SIC) duties in the right seat is required, when there are SOP differences for the PM,
when the PF is heads up (compared to heads down). SIC HUD familiarization flown
in the left seat is recommended.
The initial ground training program should include instructor led instruction and/or CBT
training of the following elements:
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3.1.1 HUD operational concepts, crew duties and responsibilities and operational
procedures including preflight, normal and non-normal operations, and
associated indications.
3.1.2 HUD symbology including characteristics and indications of limit conditions and
failures and differences to PFD symbology.
3.1.5 All modes of HUD operation during normal, abnormal and emergency operations.
3.1.6 HUD indications and alerts for low airspeed and high angle of attack, excessive
airspeed, windshear, TCAS, EGPWS/TAWS and other indications and alerts.
3.1.8 SOPs including, all normal, non-normal and emergency operations applicable to
the use of the HUD Crew procedures.
3.1.9 Flight Crew duties and responsibilities specific to each pilot position including a
clear delineation of PF and PM duties, responsibilities, procedural call-outs and
responses during the phases of flight for which HUD operations are anticipated.
3.1.10 Aircraft system and navigation failures and Minimum Equipment List (MEL) items
affecting HUD operation.
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NOTE
The flight training requirements within this appendix should not be construed to
dictate or limit the scope or content of the course of instruction. Each operator has
their own unique requirements, route structure, fleet composition and operations
policies to consider in developing their training program. Therefore, what follows is to
be considered a guide to operators who are tailoring a HUD training program to fit
their own needs.
4.1.4 Setting of appropriate HUD brightness levels using all brightness controls.
4.1.5 Appropriate and effective use of HUD during ground operations and maneuvers;
4.1.6 Taxi using HUD under day, night, reduced and low visibility conditions.
4.2.2 Demonstration and explanation of unique HUD symbology and commonality with
head down displays.
4.2.4 Manual control of the aircraft including climbs, descents, turns, steep turns,
accelerations and decelerations.
4.2.5 Recognition and recovery from an excessive angle of attack including stall warning
and low airspeed.
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4.2.8 Use of HUD with an approved sunvisor or sunscreen under various daytime
lighting conditions.
4.3.1 Take-off, circuit, approach and landings. Take-offs and landings should be with no
wind and repeated with 10 knots crosswind day and night.
4.3.2 “Black hole effect” landings; i.e. Landing on a moonless or overcast night, over
water or over dark featureless terrain where the only visual stimuli are lights on
and/or near the airport.
NOTES
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Flight Training for instrument procedures incorporating the use of HUD should include:
4.4.1.1 CAT I ILS approach to 200 foot Decision Altitude, 2400 RVR visibility
and calm winds.
4.4.1.2 Demonstrate failures and incorrect settings on approach (i.e., missed
runway elevation, airspeed, selected course).
4.4.1.3 Illustrate unique characteristics of symbology in windshear conditions
(i.e., erratic wind speed and direction, flight path, flight path acceleration,
and speed error).
4.4.1.4 Non-ILS approach to 600 foot ceiling and 2 mile visibility and 15 knot
crosswind.
4.4.2 Setting of appropriate HUD brightness for different approach lighting systems.
4.5.2 Recognition and recovery from Windshear alerts and indications, including a
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4.5.5 One Engine Inoperative Take-off with engine failure at or above V1 at the lowest
authorized take-off visibility.
4.5.6 Rejected Take-off with an engine failure prior to V1 at the lowest authorized take-
off visibility.
4.6 Rockwell Collins HGS-6000 Head-Up Guidance System (HGS) with HCP
interface
The HGS-6000 is optional equipment on the B-737-NG and B-737-MAX. Level A
Differences Training is sufficient for pilots already qualified on the Rockwell Collins
HGS-4000 Head-Up Guidance System.
4.7.3 The availability and limitations of visual cues encountered on approach both before
and after minimum altitudes. This would include:
4.7.4 HUD unique symbology, i.e. Flight Path Vector (FPV), flight path acceleration
symbol, airspeed error tape, Angle Of Attach (AOA) limit bracket, and excessive
pitch chevrons. When this training is complete, the trainee should have a thorough
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understanding of the relationship between aircraft flight path parameters and the
HUD symbology.
4.7.5 Appropriate use of the aircraft symbol vs. the FPV during stall, unusual attitude
and aeroplane upset recoveries.
5.1.2 Instrument approach and missed approach with One Engine Inoperative (OEI).
6.1 General
HUD initial line training should be under the supervision of a line qualified training or
ACP.
HUD line training should include the PF using the HUD to complete:
6.1.3 Three instrument approaches in visibility not less than 1800 RVR.
7.1 Requirements
Air operator’s pilots require line training and consolidation after initial qualification on the
HUD. A consolidation period should apply prior to utilizing the HUD for instrument
approach operations in IMC. Upon completion of the consolidation requirements, the
pilot should be qualified to conduct HUD takeoffs and approaches to the approach
minima authorized for the air operator.
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7.1.2 Five manually flown approaches and landings. (The approaches may be
flown in VMC.)
8.2.4 One Take-off with crosswind at the lowest authorized take-off minima using HUD
Take-off guidance;
8.2.7 Straight-in, ILS and Non ILS approach and landing with crosswind to the lowest
authorized landing minimums;
8.2.8 Approach and Missed Approach with crosswind at the lowest authorized landing
minimums in IMC;
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Recurrent PPCs should include an evaluation of PM duties related to the use of the
HUD in accordance with SOPs, and in consideration of whether the aircraft is equipped
with a single or dual HUD.
The following manoeuvres using the HUD should be specifically evaluated during the
recurrent PPC:
A PF should have completed at least three takeoffs, approaches and landings using the
HUD, in a B73C aeroplane or a TCCA approved Level C (or higher) B73C FFS with day
and night visual displays, within the previous 90 days before acting as PF using the
HUD.
10.0 HUD reduced visibility and low visibility taxi, take-off, approach, landing and
roll-out
The B73C HUD is capable of providing take-off guidance in visibilities as low as 300 ft
(75 m) RVR. The HUD is capable of providing guidance to Category III ILS manually
flown instrument approaches.
The following training and checking requirements for reduced and low visibility
operations in are in addition to the HUD training, checking and currency requirements
provided in the preceding.
NOTE
The training low and reduced visibility training, checking and currency requirements
are derived from the FAA FSB report for the B-737. These requirements apply to an
operator authorized to use the HUD to conduct take-offs at 300 RVR and CAT III ILS
approaches.
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10.1.1 The certified capability of the HUD for take-off, approach, landing and roll-
out for low and reduced visibility operations in terms of RVR and Category
of ILS Approach.
10.1.4 Operator’s policies and procedures concerning reduced and low visibility
operations, including the operator’s reporting process, MEL issues,
operational considerations following an RTO or missed approach, Initial
Operating Experience (IOE)/Initial line indoctrination and currency
requirements.
10.1.5 For low and reduced visibility operations predicated on the HUD, a video
demonstration complete with sound, of all modes of HUD operation,
including narrative descriptions and several low weather approach
demonstrations with procedural call-outs and responses. All critical
procedural call-out possibilities should be covered.
10.1.6 An emphasis on the need for rigorous crew discipline, coordination and
adherence to procedural guidelines for use of the HUD as a CAT II/CAT III
approach and landing system.
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iii. Takeoff, 300 foot RVR; 5 knot crosswind, engine failure prior to V1
iv. Takeoff, 300 foot RVR; 5 knot crosswind, engine failure after V1
v. Takeoff with HGS failure; 300 foot RVR
i. CAT II ILS approach to 100 foot DH, 1200 RVR, 5 - 10 kts crosswind
ii. CAT III ILS approach and landing from a 30 degree intercept to the ILS, below
glideslope, weather clear and calm.
iii. CAT III ILS with 700 RVR, wind calm - another ILS with a 10 knot crosswind.
iv. CAT III ILS with various reasons for a missed approach (system downgrade,
“APCH WARN”, etc.).
v. CAT III ILS with various RVRs and crosswinds, include light turbulence.
NOTES
3. Demonstration of how HUD failure modes can reduce precision and increase
pilot workload unless PF/PM duties and responsibilities are clearly delineated
and understood.
10.3.2 Prior to utilizing the HUD in IMC conditions below RVR 1800, each PIC
must accomplish at least twenty-five manually flown HUD approaches to
Category II/III minima in VMC conditions. Each approach must terminate
in a manually controlled HUD assisted landing or HUD assisted go-
around. In addition, each PIC must accomplish at least twenty-five HUD
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assisted takeoffs in VMC conditions prior to using the HUD mode in IMC
conditions. Upon completion of this requirement the HUD qualified pilot
should then be observed to conduct HUD approaches to company
authorized minima.
10.3.3 Pilots must complete their IOE/Initial line indoctrination for HUD CAT II/III
operations within 60 days of completion of their HUD training. All
previously qualified (in aircraft) pilots should be certified upon satisfactory
completion of the HUD ground and flight training programs.
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Appendix 5 – Annex 1
HGS 4000 EFVS qualification program – Not for landing credit
1.0 General
The Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) may be equipped with an HGS 4000 HUD with EFVS
capability. The HGS 4000 EFVS provides the capability for descent below published
minima using an Infrared (IR) sensor for the acquisition of the required visual
references to continue the approach to a landing. The HGS 4000 EFVS is not certified
for landing credit based on the EFVS image.
NOTES
1. Operators seeking credit to use the EFVS for descent below published minima to
acquire the required visual references to continue the approach to a landing require
an exemption to the applicable provisions of CAR 602.128, Landing Minima. In
addition, operators also require a Special Authorization/Specific Approval (SA) to
use the EFVS for credit for descent below published minima.
2. The Boeing Business Jet aircraft (BBJ1/BBJ, BBJ2, BBJ3 or BBJ MAX 8) have not
been type certified in Canada and are therefore not on the TCCA TCDS A-146, nor
assigned a TCCA Pilot Type Rating designator.
A TCCA approved Level C or higher B73C Full Flight Simulator (FFS) equipped with
day and night visual displays and able to display a representative IR image, is required
for EFVS flight training and checking.
The EFVS pilot training requirements consist of those related to initial and recurrent
ground and flight training. The EFVS training program should focus upon training
events flown in the left seat by the PIC (PF). EFVS training of PM duties in the right
seat is required. SIC EFVS familiarization flown in the left seat is recommended.
Operators authorized to descend below published minima using the EFVS must
conduct ground and flight training on low visibility and CAT II ILS procedures specific to
the B73C.
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Completing the HGS 4000 EFVS Computer-Based Training (CBT) completes the
basic ground school.
NOTE
The required initial ground training must be summarized during the pre-flight briefing
prior to flight training.
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4.2 Airwork
The airwork required in Appendix 5, Head-Up Guidance (HUD) qualification program is
sufficient.
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i. Crew briefings, callouts and SOPs, PF and PM duties, SOPs and CRM.
ii. Transition from EFVS imagery to the unaided scene, visual conditions and
runway acquisition
iii. Instrument failures and warning systems
iv. Recognition of EVFS malfunctions and misleading images
PICs should accomplish at least three manually flown EFVS assisted night takeoffs,
approaches, and landings to the lowest authorized minima in VMC conditions. Each
approach should terminate in a manually controlled EFVS assisted landing or EFVS
assisted go-around.
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For PICs, the required maneuvers on subsequent PPCs should include a sample of
operations requiring the use of the EFVS. For SICs, the required maneuvers on
subsequent PPCs should include a sample of PM duties related to the use of the EFVS.
1.0 Requirements
Alternate go-around flaps operations require a separate Airplane Flight Manual (AFM)
Appendix, a supplementary procedure defining flight crew actions, and a TCCA
operational approval. Alternate go-around flaps for B-737NG and B-737 MAX aircraft
certified to conduct Flaps 30 approaches using Flaps 5 during go-around requires flight
crew training. The FAA Flight Standardization Board (FSB) conducted an operational
suitability evaluation and found no handling quality differences between the B-737NG
and the B-737 MAX when conducting the alternate go-around flaps operations in
accordance with the AFM Appendix. A flight crew member who completed training on
either the B-737NG or the B-737 MAX does not need to repeat training in the other
series aircraft.
2.0 General
The use of Flaps 5° for go-around provides for a substantial increase in approach climb
weights in hot and/or high environments. The Flaps 30 approach speeds for Flaps 5
go-around operations require minor model specific speed additives to the standard
Flaps 30 VREF speeds in order to maintain the performance requirements of FAR
25.121(d) /AWM Chapter 525.121(d).
Alternate Go-Around Flaps operations require a separate AFM Appendix, and a
supplementary procedure defining flight crew actions.
Operators are encouraged to develop an approach review and briefing card for use by
flight crews when conducting any Alternate Go-Around Flaps operation.
3.0 Ground Training
Ground training for flight crews current in the B-737NG or the B-737 MAX aircraft is
established at Level B. Training may be administered via computer-based training
(CBT), stand-up lectures, or video and should include performance requirements, speed
additive use, and effect on maneuver margins, alternate go-around procedures, flight
crew callouts, and engine failure procedures. This item must be included in initial,
upgrade, transition, differences, and recurrent training.
Flight training for flight crews current in the B-737NG or the B-737 MAX aircraft is
established at Level D. Training must be included in initial, upgrade, transition,
differences, and recurrent training.
Flight training should include the following:
i. A two engine flaps 30° approach to a flaps 5° go-around;
ii. A two engine flaps 30° approach to an engine failure during a flaps 5° go-
around; and
iii. A two engine flaps 30° approach in icing conditions to an engine failure during
a flaps 5° go-around.
The purpose of this appendix is to describe ground and flight training requirements
associated with pilot qualification on the 737 MAX modified with Flight Control Computer
(FCC) software version P12.1.2. The MDR Table makes reference to this appendix with
the use of an asterisk (shown as D*).
No pilot may operate the B-737 MAX unless the ground and flight training documented
in this appendix has been completed. References to “pilots” in this section include both
PICs and SICs unless otherwise specified. These Special Training segments can be
stand-alone or embedded into another training curriculum. New TASE have been
added to section 9.2 in support of the required training detailed in this Appendix. The
required training is as follows:
1. Ground Training
2. Flight Training
Flight training must be conducted in a suitably qualified B-737 MAX Level C or D FFS
that meets Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) requirements. The FFS
must have installed a Binary Simulation Load revision 3.23.4_3 or higher and FCC
software version P12.1.2 must be assured to be active. The manual stabilizer trim
system must be evaluated for proper control forces and travel system operation.
The following sub-sections provide and emphasize the training objectives of each
maneuver. This training applies to pilots flying the B-737 MAX, or conducting B-
737NG/B-737 MAX MFF. A suitably qualified B-737NG Level C or D FFS may be used
for some conditions only where noted below.
2.1 Demonstration of MCAS activation for each pilot acting as PF.
2.1.1 MCAS activation during an impending stall (or full stall) and recovery
demonstration during manual flight in a clean configuration.
2.1.2 Demonstrate MCAS activation stabilizer trim responses:
Stabilizer trim in the nose down direction when above threshold AOA for
MCAS activation during stall.
Stabilizer trim in the nose up direction when below threshold AOA for MCAS
activation during recovery.
2.2 A runaway stabilizer condition that requires the pilots to use manual
stabilizer trim accomplished by each pilot acting as PF.
2.2.1 Runaway stabilizer training as described in subparagraph 9.2.2.5.
2.2.2 Operation of each manual trim technique (as defined by Boeing).
2.2.3 This training can be completed in a B-737 MAX or B-737NG FFS.
NOTE
Runaway Stabilizer flight simulator training must be conducted using the ATA 27
malfunction titled Stabilizer Runaway (also known as the Dual Wire short
malfunction). Use of the ATA 27 malfunction, Stabilizer Runaway – Trim Switch (also
known as the Electric Trim Switch Malfunction) is not permitted for use in Runaway
Stabilizer flight training. Operators should ensure that the appropriate Runaway
Stabilizer malfunction is incorporated into their FFS, prior to Runaway Stabilizer
training. The TCCA National Simulator Evaluation Program (NSEP) should be
consulted on the incorporation of malfunctions into the FFS and the subsequent
qualification of the FFS for training.
2.3 Use of manual stabilizer trim during approach, go-around and level off
accomplished by each pilot acting as PF.
2.3.1 Use of manual stabilizer trim as described in subparagraph 9.2.2.4.
2.3.2 This training can be completed in a B-737 MAX or B-737NG FFS.
2.4 A Cross-FCC Trim Monitor activation demonstration accomplished by
either pilot acting as PF.
2.4.1 Condition must terminate in a landing in order to demonstrate the updated
STAB OUT OF TRIM light functionality.
2.5 Erroneous high AOA during takeoff that leads to an unreliable airspeed
condition accomplished by either pilot acting as PF.
2.5.1 Demonstrates flight deck effects (i.e. aural, visual and tactile) associated with
the failure.
Contents
1. Purpose
The purpose of this appendix is to provide additional guidance and interpretations of the
training requirements within this TCCA Boeing 737 Operational Evaluation (OE) Report.
2. Application
The guidance within this appendix applies to all series of the B-737 or the specific series
of the B-737, as identified within this appendix.
The Return to Service (RTS) of the B-737-8 (MAX) requires that specific training
requirements of the TCCA B-737 OE Report, be complied with. This compliance
requirement was mandated by an Interim Order (IO) Respecting Certain Training
Requirements (B-737-8 and Other Aircraft), No. 3 dated February 26, 2021, or later
revision. Training mandated by the IO includes Appendix 7 of the OE Report, B-737
MAX Special training for flight crews, and specific Training Areas or Special Emphasis
(TASE), and Flight Simulator Training Device (FSTD) requirements as outlined in this
OE report.
Operators of B-737 series, other than the B-737 MAX, should provide training in the
TASE areas added to the OE report by January 1, 2024, including the subsequent
recurrent training. FSTDs should meet the requirements of the OE report to support this
training.
3. Background
Additional training requirements applicable to the B-737 MAX (B-737-8/-9) and specific
series of the B-737 were established by the Joint Operational Evaluation Board (JOEB)
activity, in support of the RTS of the B-737 MAX. These training requirements were
published in the TCCA B-737 Operational Evaluation (OE). These additional training
requirements apply to the B-737 MAX and other B-737s as identified in the OE report.
TCCA has identified the need to provide guidance in greater detail than that provided by
the OE report (main body) to ensure that pilots qualified on the B-737 MAX and other
series of the B-737 clearly understand the purpose of the training requirements provided
in the OE report.
The focus of this appendix is to provide specific guidance to Appendix 7 of the OE
Report which applies to the B-737 MAX, and guidance on new Training Areas of Special
Emphasis (TASE) and Flight Simulator Training Device (FSTD) requirements of the OE
report. This appendix also provides guidance applicable to the revised NNCs and the
TCCA accepted Boeing Company ground and flight training.
4. Overview
Annex A of this appendix provides specific guidance on Ground and Flight Training, for
the B-737 MAX RTS and guidance on the Training Areas of Special Emphasis (TASE)
applicable to specific series of the B-737. The guidance is focused on the Boeing
Company Ground and Flight Training for B-737 MAX RTS accepted by TCCA and
associated OE Report requirements. The B-737 MAX RTS Flight Training is based
upon the Boeing Company flight training profile accepted by TCCA.
Annex B of this appendix provides a matrix of Initial and Recurrent training requirements
applicable to specific B-737 series.
5. Format
The guidance within this appendix applies to content of the OE report as specified, and
guidance applicable to the required ground and flight training content. Extracts from the
OE report (Main body) are provided in italic font and the applicable guidance provided
immediately adjacent to it. All guidance material is preceded by the Header “Guidance”.
1.1 Non-Normal Checklists (NNCs) Seven B-737 NNCs have been revised
for the B-737 MAX. Training on the
Training on the following NNCs: NNCs, may be accomplished as Level A
Runaway Stabilizer (Self-study). The training for the STAB
SPEED TRIM FAIL
OUT OF TRIM and SPEED TRIM FAIL
STABILIZER OUT OF TRIM
NNCs also requires Level B training (e.g.
Stabilizer Trim Inoperative
Airspeed Unreliable CBT).
ALT DISAGREE Changes to the B-737 MAX NNCs in this
AOA DISAGREE document may be identified by the blue
and magenta colored text.
Operators conducting Mixed Fleet Flying
(MFF) operations with the B-737 MAX
and B-737NG (B73C) should amend their
B-737 NNCs to align with those of the B-
737 MAX for commonality, and should
apply to their TTL/POI for approval.
(Consultation with the TCCA Commercial
Flight Standards (CFS) Division may be
required).
Figure 1
Runaway Stabilizer NNC – Condition statement
Guidance – Runaway Stabilizer NNC
Condition statement
(Figure 1)
The condition statement has been expanded, so that the Runaway Stabilizer NNC
should be used whenever the horizontal stabilizer movement occurs in a manner not
appropriate for the flight conditions.
NOTE: The Runaway Stabilizer NNC is an unannunciated NNC. Pilots
must be trained to recognize stabilizer trim movement in a manner not
appropriate to the flight conditions.
Ground and Flight training should ensure that pilots are familiar with normal stabilizer
trim movement, stabilizer trim rates associated with flap setting, and when stabilizer
trim movement should (and should not) be anticipated.
In a suitably qualified B-737 MAX and B-737NG Level C or D Full Flight Simulator
(FFS), the runaway stabilizer (using the Dual Wire short malfunction (see section
A3.3 OE Report – FSTD requirements)) will be accompanied by the disengagement
of the autopilot (A/P) (with the associated A/P disengagement alerts), MASTER
CAUTION and SPEED TRIM FAIL light illumination.
NOTE: The SPEED TRIM FAIL light may or may not illuminate on the B-
737NG. For more details, refer to section A3.5.2 – Flight Training
guidance – Runaway Stabilizer.
The Pilot Flying (PF) should be vigilant for any uncommanded stabilizer trim
movement following any A/P disengagement and illumination of the MASTER
CAUTION light.
The Pilot Monitoring (PM) is expected to respond to the MASTER CAUTION and
SPEED TRIM FAIL lights per training. Good crew coordination and CRM will be
required to positively identify a runaway stabilizer condition.
Figure 2
Runaway Stabilizer NNC – Memory items
Guidance – Runaway Stabilizer NNC (Cont’d)
The memory items have been revised to align with certification assumptions, and
steps have been added to include the disengagement of the Autothrottle (A/T), and
use of thrust levers and Main Electric Stabilizer Trim.
trim brake for a continued runaway. This step has been retained in the NNC by
Boeing for commonality.
Figure 3
Runaway Stabilizer NNC
Guidance – Runaway Stabilizer NNC (Cont’d)
(Figure 3)
The proper execution of Step 5 is important in correcting an out of trim condition, and
therefore minimize manual trim forces.
Both pilots may need to use Stabilizer trim wheels if manual trim forces are too
difficult for one pilot to trim manually.
Manual trim forces reduce with a reduction in airspeed. Control column and thrust
levers can be used to reduce airspeed. Manual trim inputs will be required as
necessary to reduce control column forces as airspeed is reduced.
The PF should anticipate manual trim input requirements when changing airspeed,
thrust or configuration.
Figure 4
Speed Trim Fail NNC
Guidance – Speed Trim Fail NNC
(Figure 4)
This NNC has been revised to include the explanatory Note.
No adverse handling issues were identified during certification and operational
evaluations where the aircraft was flown within the Practical Operational Flight
Envelope (POFE). The POFE encompasses airspeeds and normal airspeeds
expected during normal operations and anticipated maneuvers consistent with flight
training.
Pilots should strive to maintain the aircraft in trim condition with the SPEED TRIM
FAIL light illuminated to ensure they continue to experience normal control column
force gradients.
During the flight training exercise of Runaway Stabilizer malfunction (Appendix 7 of
the OE report), pilots will experience manual flight (A/P not engaged) with the SPEED
TRIM FAIL light illuminated. There is no requirement to conduct additional flight
training manoeuvers with the SPEED TRIM FAIL light illuminated.
Figure 5
Stabilizer Out of Trim NNC
Guidance – Stabilizer Out of Trim NNC
(Figure 5)
This NNC has been revised to describe the illumination of the STAB OUT OF TRIM
light.
This light will illuminate on the B-737 MAX on landing when below 30 knots ground
speed, following an FCC partial failure in flight. The ground and flight training is
intended to ensure that flight crews understand that maintenance action must be
taken prior to any subsequent flight, if this light illuminates on landing.
This condition is demonstrated during the B-737 MAX flight training during the
demonstration of the Cross Flight Control Computer (Cross-FCC) Trim Monitor
activation.
Figure 6
Stabilizer Trim Inoperative NNC
Guidance – Stabilizer Trim Inoperative NNC
(Figure 6)
The Condition Statement has been revised to further describe this condition.
This malfunction represents a loss of function of the Main Electric Stabilizer trim
switches. This malfunction should not be confused with a Runaway Stabilizer
malfunction.
NOTE: The Runaway Stabilizer procedure should be executed for any
inappropriate movement of the horizontal stabilizer (Ref. A2.2.1)
Control column forces may develop because of airspeed, thrust or configuration
changes made from the original trim setting. Appropriate manual trimming techniques
will be required depending on the magnitude of the column forces. It may be
necessary to reduce airspeed to reduce manual trimming forces.
Figure 7
Airspeed Unreliable NNC
Guidance – Airspeed Unreliable NNC
(Figure 7)
An erroneous AOA may trigger unreliable airspeed, Mach and altitude indications. An
intermittent or continuous stick shaker may be associated with an erroneous AOA.
The Additional Information section referenced in the Condition Statement lists
potential causes of unreliable airspeed. This section should be consulted after
completion of the NNC.
The pitch and thrust settings in Step 4 of this NNC are based upon the landing gear
being retracted. The landing gear should therefore be retracted (if extended) to
ensure that a sufficient climb performance capability associated with the pitch and
thrust settings identify in Step 4 can be achieved.
Figure 8
Airspeed Unreliable NNC
Guidance – Airspeed Unreliable NNC
(Figure 8)
An erroneously high AOA may trigger the continuous activation of the Stick Shaker.
The autopilot engagement logic will not permit the engagement of the autopilot after 5
minutes of continuous stick shaker activation. It may be possible to engage the
autopilot for a short period of time, but it will subsequently disengage without
command. The autopilot will not be available for the remainder of the flight.
Flight crews should be aware of this engagement logic and avoid continuous repeated
attempts to re-engage the autopilot, if unable to engage it after this step of the NNC.
Figure 9
Airspeed Unreliable NNC
Figure 10
Airspeed Unreliable NNC
(Figure 9)
Steps 20 to 23 have been added to the NNC to provide a procedure to disable a
nuisance stick shaker at the pilot’s discretion. The disabling of a continuous stick
shaker will remove a significant distraction from the flight deck and aid in the effective
recognition of a valid stall warning on the unaffected side.
An erroneously high AOA will activate the Elevator Feel Shift (EFS) module. Control
column forces may be increased by the EFS activation.
(Figure 10)
The Stick Shaker Circuit Breakers (CBs) are identified by CB collars. The Stick
Shaker CBs should be carefully identified and verified prior to pulling.
Figure 11
Airspeed Unreliable NNC
(Figure 11)
The Note under Deferred Items has been revised to identify DA/MDA aural callouts
are not provided if BARO minimums are set only on the First Officer’s PFD.
The flight crew should obtain the appropriate pitch attitude and thrust setting in
accordance with the tables indicated in the Performance Inflight chapter of the QRH.
Figure 12
Airspeed Unreliable NNC
Guidance – Airspeed Unreliable NNC
(Figure 12)
The flight crew should anticipate the uncommanded removal of the Flight Director
(F/D) pitch bar during a go-around when TO/GA is pushed (a.k.a. biasing out of view).
The flight crew should be prepared to select an appropriate vertical F/D mode (E.g.
LVL CHG) to get appropriate vertical guidance.
The crew should be aware that the NNCs for the IAS DISAGREE alert, the AOA
DISAGREE alert and the ALT DISAGREE alert accompanied with the IAS
DISAGREE alert will refer the crew to the Airspeed Unreliable NNC. It is expected
that the PF will action the memory items for the Airspeed Unreliable NNC for the
above referenced alerts.
Figure 13
IAS DISAGREE NNC
Guidance – IAS Disagree NNC
(Figure 13)
The IAS DISAGREE alert will likely illuminate in the case of an erroneous AOA. The
flight crew should therefore action the Unreliable Airspeed NNC per the IAS Disagree
NNC.
NOTE: The IAS DISAGREE NNC has not been revised.
Figure 14
ALT DISAGREE NNC
Guidance – ALT Disagree NNC
(Figure 14)
The IAS DISAGREE and ALT DISAGREE alerts will likely both illuminate in the case
of an erroneous AOA. The flight crew should therefore action the Unreliable Airspeed
NNC per the Alt Disagree NNC.
Figure 15
AOA DISAGREE NNC
Guidance – AOA Disagree NNC
(Figure 15)
The IAS DISAGREE alert will likely illuminate in the case of an erroneous AOA. The
flight crew should therefore action the Unreliable Airspeed NNC per the IAS Disagree
NNC.
1.2 FCC software version P12.1.2 for Pilots are required to successfully
the B-737 MAX complete the Level B ground training
referenced in Section 1.2 of Appendix 7
Training in this section emphasizes the
of the OE Report, prior to being
design differences associated with FCC
software version P12.1.2 for the B-737 authorized to fly the B-737 MAX.
MAX. This training also emphasizes The ground training content focuses on
necessary ground training between the B- differences between the B-737NG and B-
737NG and B-737 MAX with FCC
737 MAX under the topics covered.
software version P12.1.2 or newer. Pilots
may complete this training by Pilots may take the ground training
accomplishing the applicable B-737 MAX developed by the Boeing Company or
CBT provided by Boeing or a TCCA take TCCA approved equivalent training.
approved equivalent.
1.2.1 ATA 22 – Autoflight – FCC –
MCAS function
MCAS function description (as part
of the STS).
Conditions for operation.
Erroneous FCC trim commands.
Flight deck alerting of the failure of
the MCAS function.
9.2 Training Areas of Special TASE - Ground Training has been added
Emphasis (TASE) in support of the required training for
Appendix 7 of the TCCA OE Report.
NOTE
References to “pilots” in this section The TASE in Ground Training for Flight
include both Pilot In Command crew Non-Normal Situations with Multiple
(PIC) and Second In Command alerts (Sub-section 9.2.1.1 of OE Report)
(SIC) unless otherwise specified. should be considered a prerequisite for
Pilots must receive special the same TASE for Flight Training (Sub-
emphasis training in the following section 9.2.2.6 of the OE Report).
areas:
Operators should ensure that the required
9.2.1 TASE - Ground Training emphasis is provided during Ground
Pilots must receive special emphasis on Training on TASE topics that apply to
the following areas during ground Flight Training. This includes the
training: following TASE applicable to Flight
9.2.1.1 Multiple Flight Deck Alerts Training (in the applicable Sub-sections
During Non-Normal of the TCCA OE Report):
Conditions
9.2.2.4 Stabilizer Trim
Applicable to all series of the B-737:
9.2.2.5 Runaway Stabilizer
Training is required for instances where a
single malfunction results in multiple flight 9.2.2.6 Multiple Flight Deck Alerts
deck alerts and must include flight crew during Non-Normal Conditions
alert prioritization and analysis of the
need to conduct additional Non-Normal 9.2.2.7 Unreliable Airspeed
Checklists (NNC). This training must be Operators should refer to Section A3.0
included in initial, upgrade, transition, and
Flight Training, of this document for
recurrent training.
guidance applicable to flight training, to
9.2.1.5 B-737 MAX Flight Control ensure that pilots have the required
Computer (FCC)
knowledge and understanding of systems
MCAS ground training must address the and procedures for effective flight
latest FCC system description, training.
functionality, and associated failure
conditions to include flight crew alerting.
This training must be included in initial,
Figure 16
Boeing Flight Training Profile for Appendix 7 Flight Training
Guidance
(Figure 16)
The flight profile for the Appendix 7 Flight training is depicted in Figure 16 above. The
Boeing Company’s flight training profile is comprised of the following four scenarios:
1. Stall Identification and Maneuver Characteristics Augmentation System
(MCAS) activation
o Full stall – MCAS activation
2. Runaway Stabilizer NNC and manual stabilizer trim operations during an
approach and go-around
3. Cross Flight Control Computer (Cross-FCC) Trim Monitor
4. Airspeed Unreliable NNC
o Erroneous high AOA on takeoff – unreliable airspeed condition
TCCA recommends that the following principals be followed to ensure the maximum
effectiveness of this flight training:
The focus of this flight training is for pilots to gain a thorough understanding of
the design changes, through a demonstration of system functions, and
associated flight deck effects and indications;
A focus on training to proficiency should prevail over a focus on grading;
Pilots should be given the maximum opportunity to interact with the aircraft
controls to get a hands on practical understanding;
Any mistakes made during training, when effectively identified and corrected,
should be considered to be valuable learning opportunities;
An emphasis on the strict adherence to Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) during this training may be relaxed to support the achievement of the
training objectives of further increased understanding of the systems; and
Discussion and questions should be promoted at appropriate opportunities.
The FFS requirements for The two ATA 27 malfunctions available to train
Enhanced Flight Vision System a Runaway Stabilizer are titled; Stabilizer
(EFVS) training is provided in Annex Runaway and Stabilizer Runaway – Trim
1 of Appendix 5 of this report. Switch. TCCA has prohibited the use of the
(OE Report - Main Body) Stabilizer Runaway – Trim Switch
malfunction for training on all series of the B-
10.5 FSTD 737, because this specific malfunction is not
consistent with the certification assumptions for
the Runaway Stabilizer NNC, and may lead to
An approved Level C of D B-737 negative transfer of training and is of an
FFS equipped with day and night
extremely low probability of occurring on the B-
visual scenes that is representative
of an operator’s specific B-737 737.
configuration is required for NOTE: FFS Runaway Stabilizer
checking. malfunctions that prevent the use of
the Main Electric Stabilizer trim per the
The FFS requirements for
Enhanced Flight Vision System NNC are prohibited for training on all
(EFVS) checking is provided in series of the B-737. Operators
Annex 1 of Appendix 5 of this report. should ensure that the appropriate
Runaway Stabilizer malfunction is
incorporated into their FFS, prior to
Runaway Stabilizer training. The
TCCA National Simulator Evaluation
Program (NSEP) should be consulted
on the incorporation of malfunctions
into the FFS and the subsequent
qualification of the FFS for training.
Pilots, other than those flying the B-
737 MAX, must complete this training
no later than January 1, 2024.
Additional guidance on the ATA 27
malfunctions is provided in Section A3.5 Flight
Training – Runaway Stabilizer
Figure 17
Boeing Flight Training profile – MCAS demo/full stall
Guidance
Scenario Purpose:
The purpose of this scenario is to demonstrate the behaviour of the MCAS function
(of the STS) during a stall.
This scenario may also be used to provide additional demonstrations of the normal
operation of the Speed Trim Function (of the STS) during a manually flown climb and
during a stall with flaps extended.
Scenario Guidance:
STS Demonstration during Manually Flown Climb
The aircraft is flown manually to 10,000 feet, immediately after take-off. During the
climb the crew may observe normal operation of the Speed Trim function while in
manual flight.
This demonstration may be accomplished by stabilizing the aircraft in a climb in the
take-off configuration and trimming out any control column forces. Speed should be
changed by a small amount using control column only (no sooner than 5 seconds
after the last stabilizer trim input or 10 seconds after take-off, to allow the Speed Trim
function to work per STS logic.) Stabilizer trim wheel motion, in a manner to increase
control column forces, and proportional to the speed deviation, should be observed.
The control column forces can then be relaxed to return to the original trim speed and
allow the Speed Trim function to reverse the stabilizer trim input. The PF should
avoid making any stabilizer trim inputs during this demonstration.
A key teaching point of this demonstration is to show the Speed Trim function is
intended to discourage speed deviations through increased control column forces,
during the conditions that this function is active.
When the aircraft has been stabilized back to the original trim speed, control may be
transferred to allow the other pilot to complete this demonstration. Flaps may be
retracted after this training event, to clean up the aircraft for the remaining climb.
MCAS Demonstration during stall
The demonstration of the MCAS function is accomplished by conducting a power off
stall in the clean configuration, and recovering at the activation of the Elevator Feel
Shift (EFS). Pilots will be instructed to not trim below the Flaps UP maneuver speed,
and should avoid making any further stabilizer trim inputs during this demonstration.
Training (UPRT). Pilots will need to be familiar with the indications of a stall beyond
those of the stick shaker, including the activation of the EFS, to effectively observe
the operation of the MCAS function. Demonstrations of AOAs beyond the activation
of the stick shaker requires that the FFS is suitably qualified for this training, and must
meet UPRT training requirements. Pilots must also understand the appropriate stall
recovery inputs, when recovering from a stall beyond stick shaker activation.
Aggressive thrust application should be avoided, since on the B-737 MAX, this may
result in an undesirable pitch up tendency and aggravate the stall recovery or lead to
an aeroplane upset condition. Smooth and deliberate pitch and thrust inputs will be
necessary to avoid a secondary stick shaker activation, stall or upset.
Training applicability and FFS
Training for MCAS activation is applicable to all B-737 MAX pilots and must be
conducted in a B-737 MAX FFS meeting the simulator qualification requirements
stated in Section A3.3 above.
Recurrent Training
Training for MCAS activation is a “one-time” special training event to qualify pilots to
fly the B-737 MAX. There are no recurrent training requirements in the TCCA OE
report.
B-737 operators however are encouraged to incorporate recurrent training at least
every 36 months, to demonstrate MCAS and Speed Trim functions and B-737 stall
identification features, because of the important value of this training.
A3.5 Flight Training – Runaway Stabilizer NNC and manual stabilizer trim
operations during approach and go-around
Figure 18
Boeing Flight Training profile – Runaway Stabilizer/Manual Trimming
9.2.2 TASE - Flight Training Pilots, other than those flying the B-737
Pilots must receive special emphasis on MAX, must complete this training no later
the following areas during flight training: than January 1, 2024.
9.2.2.5 Runaway stabilizer Guidance for Runaway Stabilizer flight
Applicable to all series of the B-737: training and manual trim technique is
provided in separate subsections below.
Training must emphasize runaway
stabilizer recognition and timely pilot
actions required by the Runaway
Stabilizer NNC:
i. Demonstrate control column
functionality and its effect on a
runaway stabilizer condition;
ii. Emphasize the need to reduce
control column forces with main
electric stabilizer trim prior to
selecting STAB TRIM cutout.
This item must be included in initial or
transition training and must be
accomplished at least once every 36
months during recurrent training.
NOTE
Runaway Stabilizer flight simulator
training must be conducted using
the ATA 27 malfunction titled
Stabilizer Runaway (also known as
the Dual Wire short malfunction).
Use of the ATA 27 malfunction,
Stabilizer Runaway – Trim Switch
(also known as the Electric Trim
Switch Malfunction) is not permitted
for use in Runaway Stabilizer flight
training. Operators should ensure
that the appropriate Runaway
Stabilizer malfunction is
incorporated into their FFS, prior to
Runaway Stabilizer training. The
TCCA National Simulator
Evaluation Program (NSEP) should
be consulted on the incorporation of
malfunctions into the FFS and the
Guidance
Scenario purpose
The purpose of Runaway Stabilizer training is to train the crew to recognize and
mitigate this malfunction using the Runaway Stabilizer NNC (to maintain control of the
aircraft and establish manual trim controls.)
NOTE
The B-737-100/-200 series do not have a Speed Trim System (STS).
Scenario Guidance:
The Runaway Stabilizer malfunction training is conducted with the crew following Pilot
Flying (PF) and Pilot Monitoring roles in completing the Runaway Stabilizer NNC.
Each pilot must complete this training as PF and PM.
NOTE: The Runaway Stabilizer NNC is an unannunciated NNC. Pilots
must be trained to recognize stabilizer trim movement in a manner not
appropriate for flight conditions.
Ground and Flight training should ensure that pilots are familiar with normal stabilizer
trim movement and when stabilizer trim movement should (and should not) be
anticipated. An example of inappropriate stabilizer movement could be a continuous
uncommanded stabilizer movement without airspeed, altitude or configuration
changes, or Speed Trim System (STS) commanded stabilizer movement within 5
seconds of a Main Electric Stabilizer trim input.
Runaway Stabilizer flight training is provided using the ATA 27 Dual Wire Short
malfunction to trigger the Runaway Stabilizer condition.
In the B-737 MAX Full Flight Simulator (FFS), the runaway stabilizer indications
associated with the Dual Wire short malfunction, will be the autopilot (A/P)
disengagement (if engaged) with the corresponding A/P disengage tone and by the
illumination of multiple annunciator lights (A/P Disengage (flashes), MASTER
CAUTION and SPEED TRIM FAIL). The STAB OUT OF TRIM light illuminates on
landing when below 30 knots ground speed.
The B737NG FFS exhibits similar flight deck effects with the exception of the STAB
OUT OF TRIM light. On the B-737NG, the SPEED TRIM FAIL, FLT CONT system
annunciator and MASTER CAUTION lights can illuminate if there is a STS trim
events of stabilizer movement not appropriate for the flight conditions, per the
Runaway Stabilizer NNC Condition Statement. Pilots, other than those flying the B-
737 MAX, must complete this training no later than January 1, 2024.
The Electric Trim Switch malfunction is a “legacy” B-737 Runaway Stabilizer
malfunction that simulates a short circuit of one of the Main Electric Stabilizer Trim
switches. An aircraft certification review established this malfunction was of an
extremely low probability of occurring on the B-737 fleet. This malfunction does not
permit the Main Electric Stabilizer Trim switches to reverse runaway stabilizer trim
inputs. This legacy malfunction has led to inappropriate pilot responses, to hastily
activate the STAB TRIM cutout switches during Runaway Stabilizer training, and
experience higher than desired manual trim forces as a result.
TCCA has therefore prohibited Runaway Stabilizer training using the “legacy” Electric
Trim Switch malfunction for all series of B-737 because of its extremely low probability
of this malfunction and the concern that it could result in a negative transfer of
training.
Runaway Stabilizer NNC Memory Items
NOTE: Refer to sub-section A2.2.1 for detailed guidance on the
Runaway Stabilizer NNC and associated memory items (7 steps).
Steps 1 to 3 of the Runaway Stabilizer NNC memory items require the PF to take
manual control of the aircraft by Holding the Control Column firmly and disengaging
the Autopilot and Autothrottle (if engaged).
Step 4 requires the use of control column and thrust levers to control airplane pitch
attitude and airspeed. The flight crew should also remain aware of thrust lever
position for situational awareness of the aircraft state. The PF should continue to
strive to minimize aircraft airspeed deviations from the airspeed at which the runaway
stabilizer occurred, to minimize control column forces. The PF should not hesitate to
use the Main Electric Stabilizer Trim switches, to reduce control column forces, while
accomplishing this step.
Step 5 provides guidance to reduce control column forces through Main Electric
Stabilizer Trim switches as a key step prior to activating the STAB TRIM cutout
switches in Step 7. The PF should strive to remove control column forces as much as
possible prior to activating the STAB TRIM cutout switches. Failure to do so, may
result in excessive manual trim forces.
NOTE: The failure by the PF to reduce control column forces sufficiently
through the Main Electric Stabilizer Trim switches may result in the PF
needing to apply control column displacement sufficient to activate the
As explained earlier, there are differences in the cockpit indications of this malfunction
between the B-737 MAX and B-737NG. The Speed Trim Fail light may or may not
illuminate on the B-737NG FFS during the Runaway Stabilizer Malfunction.
The STAB OUT OF TRIM light illumination logic is different between the B-737 MAX
and B-737NG. This light will only illuminate on the B-737 MAX on landing when
below 30 knots ground speed. The STAB OUT OF TRIM light may illuminate on the
B-737NG if the failure is initiated with the autopilot engaged.
Similar to B-737 MAX Runaway Stabilizer training, for B-737s (other than B-737
MAX), each pilot should be given “hands-on” experience on the Main Electric
Stabilizer trim switches and the control column cutout switch functions.
Recurrent Training
Flight training for Runaway Stabilizer and manual stabilizer trim operation must be
accomplished at least once every 36 months during recurrent training. Recurrent
training should include all of the elements of the special training described above.
Recurrent training may include variations on the flight conditions for the Runaway
Stabilizer as described in the following Recommendations.
Recommendations
The Runaway Stabilizer malfunction should be inserted both in the flaps up and flaps
extended configurations to show pilots the different stabilizer trim rates as a function
of flap configurations. The malfunctions should also be inserted at both the high and
low speed ranges of the aircraft, for pilots to maintain aircraft control at these speed
ranges (e.g. nose-down runaway stabilizer at high speed (near VMO/MMO), and
nose-up runaway stabilizer with flaps extended at appropriate minimum flap
manoeuvering speed.) Training may also be conducted during accelerated flight,
such as a nose-down Runaway Stabilizer during acceleration from 250 KTS, in a
climb above 10,000 feet.
Guidance
Scenario Purpose
The purpose of this scenario is as follows:
Demonstration of various manual trimming techniques
Manually flown descent, approach, go-around and level-off using manual
stabilizer trim
Scenario Guidance
Training on manual trimming techniques immediately follows the Runaway
Stabilizer training for each pilot. This training includes manual trimming techniques
from various stabilizer out of trim conditions and includes, single and two pilot
efforts to manually trim the aircraft. The training also includes manual
demonstrations of trimming at both high and low airspeeds, to demonstrate the
effects of airspeed on aerodynamic loads on the stabilizer and the associated force
required to move the stabilizer trim wheel.
Training should also demonstrate that the initial manual trimming forces (break-out
forces) to start movement of the manual trim wheel may be significantly higher
compared to the subsequent sustained manual trimming forces required. The
training should also provide an opportunity for pilots to experience how the manual
trim forces change as the aircraft approaches a trimmed condition.
The Runaway Stabilizer training should emphasize that using the Main Electric
Trim Switches to minimize Control Column forces prior to activating the STAB
TRIM cutout switches, should minimize the resulting force required to move the
stabilizer trim wheel.
Increased manual trim forces can result because of increased aerodynamic loads
associated with high airspeeds, or pulling or pushing on the control column. A two
pilot effort may be used to correct an out of trim condition. In extreme cases it may
be necessary to relieve the aerodynamic loads to allow manual trimming.
Aerodynamic loads can be relieved by reducing airspeed.
If manual stabilizer trim is needed, it is important to emphasize that the STAB TRIM
cutout switches should be placed in the CUTOUT position prior to extending the
stabilizer trim wheel handles. Personal injury can occur if the stabilizer trim wheel
moves due to electric trim inputs while the stabilizer trim wheel handles are
extended.
The emphasis during the subsequent descent, approach and go-around using
manual trim should focus on the need to anticipate trim changes for airspeed and
configuration changes. This is particularly important during the go-around and
subsequent level off maneuver, where large changes in thrust may result in large
control column forces. Pilots should avoid a tendency to over-trim and should
carefully monitor pitch attitude until the aircraft is fully trimmed and stabilized.
Figure 19
Boeing Flight Training profile – Cross-FCC Trim Monitor
Guidance
Scenario purpose
The purpose of this scenario is to demonstrate the Cross-FCC Trim Monitor activation
in response to a Runaway Stabilizer originating from the FCC and the illumination of
the STAB OUT OF TRIM light on landing.
Scenario guidance
This malfunction scenario is a demonstration of the Cross-FCC trim monitor detecting
and stopping an erroneous stabilizer trim command. The stabilizer runaway will be
stopped 1.3 seconds after activation of the malfunction.
If the Cross-FCC Trim Monitor activates in either the operational or the standby FCC
channel, the FCC sends a signal to the other FCC to inhibit its stabilizer trim
commands, this includes autopilot, Control Wheel Steering (CWS), and Speed Trim
System (STS) commands.
If the A/P (CMD A or B) or CWS (CWS A or B) was engaged to the affected FCC
channel (A or B), it will automatically disengage and cause the associated aural and
visual alerts. The SPEED TRIM FAIL light can illuminate automatically, during
MASTER CAUTION recall, or not at all. The STS will no longer be available with the
illumination of the SPEED TRIM FAIL light.
For Fail Operational aerolanes, the NO AUTOLAND status is annunciated.
The STAB OUT OF TRIM light will illuminate after landing when groundspeed is less
than 30 knots. Crews should be vigilant and alert for the illumination of the STAB
OUT OF TRIM light after landing because it may be easily missed during this high
workload phase of flight.
The flight crew should take to the appropriate action in response to the STAB OUT
OF TRIM light illumination on the ground. The crew should report the illumination of
this light for appropriate maintenance action. The crew may action the STAB OUT
OF TRIM NNC, if in accordance with their Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
Any subsequent flight should not be attempted, until the malfunction is rectified.
FFS Runaway Stabilizer malfunction applicable to Cross-FCC Trim Monitor
The ATA 22 malfunction, titled FCC Stabilizer Runaway is used to activate this
scenario.
Training applicability and FFS
This training scenario specifically applies to the B-737 MAX and must be conducted in
a B-737 MAX Level C or D FFS meeting the simulator qualification requirements
stated in Section A3.3 (above).
Recurrent Training
Training of this scenario is not required for recurrent flight training. Flight crews
should be reminded on actions to take in response to the illumination of the STAB
OUT OF TRIM light during recurrent ground or flight training.
A3.7 Flight Training – Unreliable Airspeed and Multiple Flight Deck Alerts during
Non-Normal Conditions
Figure 20
Boeing Flight Training profile – High AOA malfunction
A3.7.2 Flight Training guidance – Unreliable Airspeed and Multiple Flight Deck
Alerts during Non-Normal Conditions
Guidance
Scenario Purpose
The purpose of this scenario is:
The recognition of an unreliable airspeed condition due to erroneous high
Angle of Attack (AOA) malfunction and successfully complete the Airspeed
Unreliable memory items and NNC;
Demonstration of FD behaviour during a Go-around/Missed Approach;
Training of Multiple Flight Deck Alerts during Non-Normal Conditions.
Scenario Guidance
This scenario is triggered by an erroneously high AOA vane on take-off, which will
result in multiple cockpit indications, including the activation of an intermittent or
continuous stick shaker.
Flight crews will be expected to discern whether they have actual or nuisance stall
warning indications based upon the cockpit indications they observe. Flight crews will
need to take appropriate stall recovery actions if valid stall warning indications are
observed (e.g. both stall shakers are active, airframe buffeting etc.)
When the indications of unreliable airspeed are identified and verified, the crew will be
expected to action the Airspeed Unreliable memory items and complete the Airspeed
Unreliable NNC. The continuous stick shaker may be a significant distraction and
may make communication difficult. The Pilot In Command (PIC) is encouraged to
declare an emergency at the appropriate time to gain priority and minimize further
distractions.
The NNC will have to be carefully and methodical read despite the possible
distraction from the stick shaker. It will be acceptable to verbally abbreviate some of
the NNC text provided the abbreviation is clear and accurate.
It will be possible to engage the autopilot in Step 14 of the NNC.
NOTE: The autopilot however will disengage after five minutes of
continuous stick shaker and will no longer be available for the remainder
of the flight. This autopilot behaviour is identified in the Note in Step 14.
The crew should plan to continue the remainder of the flight without
autopilot.
The flight crew may need to remain in a sustained climb until the NNC is completed,
and an appropriate altitude clearance should be obtained from ATC. In this specific
scenario (of a high AOA malfunction), the flight crew should not change the aircraft
thrust, pitch attitude and flap configuration, until a reliable airspeed indication can be
determined and the Flight Director is available and selected ON.
Steps 20 to 23 (at the end) of the Airspeed Unreliable NNC provide for the flight crew
to deactivate the nuisance stick shaker at the PIC’s discretion. The stick shaker
Circuit Breakers (CBs) will have collars to aid in their correct identification. The crew
should carefully identify and verify the correct CB before pulling, especially with the
ambient noise and distraction caused by the continuous stick shaker. In addition to
removal of the distraction of the stick shaker, the control column forces associated
with the EFS will be removed and a reliable stall warning for the opposite side stick
shaker will be made available.
Completion of Airspeed Unreliable NNC
The disabling of the nuisance stick shaker will provide for significantly less distraction
and a quieter environment to assess the situation and plan contingencies, such as
whether to return to land, or proceed to an alternate or destination.
The additional information section of the Airspeed Unreliable NNC should be carefully
reviewed to ascertain the status of the aircraft. NNCs for IAS DISAGREE, ALT
DISAGREE and AOA DISAGREE alerts will likely direct the crew back to the
Unreliable Airspeed NNC, that should be reviewed for any specific actions.
It is advisable to review Deferred Items well before descent for planning. The N1
value and Pitch Attitude for Go-around should be computed in advance. FD behaviour
(biasing out of view when TO/GA is pushed during go-around or missed approach)
should be anticipated.
All operational requirements, remaining aircraft capabilities, weather conditions and
fuel requirements should be considered. The flight crew should carefully assess the
FMC fuel predictions in light of potential erroneous air data inputs to the Flight
Management System (FMS).
Training applicability and FFS
Initial training of this scenario applies to pilots flying the B-737 MAX. Either pilot may
serve as pilot flying (PF) for this training scenario. Initial training must be conducted
in a B-737 MAX Level C or D FFS meeting the simulator qualification requirements
stated in Section A3.3 above. For all other B-737 this training must be accomplished
in a suitably qualified B-737 FFS, no later than January 1, 2024.
Recurrent Training
This scenario must be accomplished at least once every 36 months during recurrent
training. Either pilot may serve as pilot flying (PF) for this training task. For all series
of B-737 this recurrent training must be accomplished in a suitably qualified B-737
FFS.
Other AOA malfunctions should be considered for recurrent training such as
erroneously high or low AOA during take-off, level flight or descent. Pitot and/or static
blockages should also be trained on a recurrent basis.
Multiple Flight Deck Alerts during Non-Normal Conditions
The erroneously high AOA in this scenario is an example of a single malfunction
resulting in multiple flight deck alerts that will require timely flight crew actions. The
flight crew will be required to recognize and interpret the non-normal conditions and
prioritize required flight crew actions under demanding conditions. The onset of a
stick shaker activation during take-off may be startling.
Although this scenario should be trained in real time, it is recommended that during
training, the flight crew be discouraged from rushing through the NNC, and take all
the time necessary to consider options after the NNC is completed. This type of
training may be amenable to Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) scenarios,
considering the numerous associated operational considerations.
Stall A3.3 Flight B737 MAX Prior to Flying Not Required - Recommended Must be accomplished
Identification Training – B-737 MAX by each pilot as PF
and MCAS Recovery
Activation from Full There are no recurrent
Stall training requirements
for this training. TCCA
OE Report recommends that all B-
Appendix 7 737 MAX operators
section 2.1 incorporate this training
into their recurrent
training profiles no later
than 36 months after
initial training.
Stall A3.3 Flight B-737 MAX Not Required – Not Required - Recommended Recommended training
Identification Training – Recommended in addition to MCAS
and Speed Recovery demonstration (B-737
Trim Function from Full MAX). (Recommend
Demonstration Stall an additional
demonstration of the
Speed Trim function in
a full stall.)
Should be
accomplished by each
pilot as PF
Full Stall A3.3 Flight B-737 MAX Prerequisite Not Required - Recommended Prerequisite training for
Training Training – training to stall entry and recovery
Recovery conducting at angles of attack
from Full Stall beyond Stick Shaker
Stall Identification
and MCAS and Must be accomplished
Speed Trim by each pilot as PF
Function
Activation There are no recurrent
Training training requirements
for this training. TCCA
recommends that all B-
737 MAX operators
incorporate this training
into their recurrent
training profiles no later
than 36 months after
initial training.
STS A3.3 Flight B-737 MAX Not Required – Not Required - Recommended Recommend training to
Demonstration Training – Recommended be conducted in climb
during climb Recovery prior to conducting Stall
from Full Identification and
Stall MCAS and Speed Trim
Function Activation
training.
Should be
accomplished by each
pilot as PF
Runaway A3.4 All B-737 Prior to Flying Required FFS must be suitably
Stabilizer Flight B-737 MAX qualified.
Training –
Runaway Required for all Must use only FFS
Stabilizer other B-737 no malfunction ATA 27
NNC and later than Jan Stabilizer Runaway
manual 1, 2024 (Dual Wire Short
stabilizer Malfunction) for this
trim training.
operations
during and Training using FFS
approach malfunction ATA 27
and go- Stabilizer Runaway –
around Trim Switch (Electric
Trim Switch
OE Report Malfunction) prohibited.
Section
9.2.2.5 and Must be accomplished
Appendix 7 by each pilot as PF
section 2.2
Recurrent Training
required no later than
36 months after initial
training.
Manual Trim A3.4 All B-737 Prior to Flying Required FFS must be suitably
Requirements Flight B-737 MAX qualified.
Training –
Runaway Required for all Must be accomplished
Stabilizer other B-737 no by each pilot as PF
NNC and later than Jan
manual 1, 2024 Recurrent Training
stabilizer required no later than
trim 36 months after initial
operations training
during and
approach
and go-
around
OE Report
Section
9.2.2.4 and
Appendix 7
section 2.3
Cross-FCC A3.5 B737 MAX Prior to Flying Not required This training applicable
Trim Monitor Flight B-737 MAX to B-737 MAX only.
Activation Training –
CrossFCC FSS malfunction ATA
Trim 22 FCC Stabilizer
Monitor Runaway.
Activation
Either pilot may serve
OE Report as PF during this
Appendix 7 training.
section 2.4
Unreliable A3.6 B737 MAX Prior to Flying Required FFS must be suitably
Airspeed – Flight B-737NG B-737 MAX qualified.
Erroneously Training –
High AOA on Unreliable Required for B- Either pilot may serve
Take-off Airspeed 737 NG no as PF during this
later than Jan training.
OE Report 1, 2024
Section Recurrent Training
9.2.2.7 and required no later than
Appendix 7 36 months after initial
section 2.5 training.
In addition to
Erroneously High AOA
on Take-off, recurrent
training must include
other malfunctions that
result in an unreliable
airspeed condition.
Multiple Flight A3.6 All B-737 Prior to Flying Required Erroneously High AOA
Deck Alerts Flight B-737 MAX on Take-off on B-737
During Non- Training – MAX and B-737NG
Normal Unreliable Required for all meets the criteria of
Conditions Airspeed other B-737 no Multiple Flight Deck
later than Jan Alerts During Non-
OE Report 1, 2024 Normal Conditions.
Section
9.2.2.6 Suitable failure cases
for this training
requirement must be
established for B-737
Classic and B-737.
Recurrent Training
required no later than
36 months after initial
training.