2021 Merged

GATE 2019 General Aptitude (GA) Set-8
Q. 1 – Q. 5 carry one mark each.
Q.1 The fishermen, _______ the flood victims owed their lives, were rewarded by the
government.
(A) whom (B) to which (C) to whom (D) that
Q.2 Some students were not involved in the strike.
If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is/are logically
necessary?
1. Some who were involved in the strike were students.

2. No student was involved in the strike.
3. At least one student was involved in the strike.
4. Some who were not involved in the strike were students.
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2 and 3
Q.3 The radius as well as the height of a circular cone increases by 10%. The percentage
increase in its volume is ______.
(A) 17.1 (B) 21.0 (C) 33.1 (D) 72.8
Q.4 Five numbers 10, 7, 5, 4 and 2 are to be arranged in a sequence from left to right following
the directions given below:
1. No two odd or even numbers are next to each other.
2. The second number from the left is exactly half of the left-most number.
3. The middle number is exactly twice the right-most number.
Which is the second number from the right?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 10
Q.5 Until Iran came along, India had never been ________________ in kabaddi.
(A) defeated (B) defeating (C) defeat (D) defeatist
GA 1/3
Q. 6 – Q. 10 carry two marks each.
Q.6 Since the last one year, after a 125 basis point reduction in repo rate by the Reserve Bank
of India, banking institutions have been making a demand to reduce interest rates on small
saving schemes. Finally, the government announced yesterday a reduction in interest rates
on small saving schemes to bring them on par with fixed deposit interest rates.
Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the given passage?
(A) Whenever the Reserve Bank of India reduces the repo rate, the interest rates on small
saving schemes are also reduced
(B) Interest rates on small saving schemes are always maintained on par with fixed deposit
interest rates
(C) The government sometimes takes into consideration the demands of banking
institutions before reducing the interest rates on small saving schemes
(D) A reduction in interest rates on small saving schemes follow only after a reduction in
repo rate by the Reserve Bank of India
Q.7 In a country of 1400 million population, 70% own mobile phones. Among the mobile
phone owners, only 294 million access the Internet. Among these Internet users, only half
buy goods from e-commerce portals. What is the percentage of these buyers in the country?
(A) 10.50 (B) 14.70 (C) 15.00 (D) 50.00
Q.8 The nomenclature of Hindustani music has changed over the centuries. Since the medieval
period dhrupad styles were identified as baanis. Terms like gayaki and baaj were used to
refer to vocal and instrumental styles, respectively. With the institutionalization of music
education the term gharana became acceptable. Gharana originally referred to hereditary
musicians from a particular lineage, including disciples and grand disciples.
Which one of the following pairings is NOT correct?
(A) dhrupad, baani

(B) gayaki, vocal
(C) baaj, institution
(D) gharana, lineage
Q.9 Two trains started at 7AM from the same point. The first train travelled north at a speed of
80km/h and the second train travelled south at a speed of 100 km/h. The time at which they
were 540 km apart is ______ AM.
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 11.30
GA 2/3
Q.10 “I read somewhere that in ancient times the prestige of a kingdom depended upon the
number of taxes that it was able to levy on its people. It was very much like the prestige of
a head-hunter in his own community.”
Based on the paragraph above, the prestige of a head-hunter depended upon ___________
(A) the prestige of the kingdom

(B) the prestige of the heads
(C) the number of taxes he could levy
(D) the number of heads he could gather
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
GA 3/3
GATE 2019 STATISTICS
Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each.

𝑛
Q.1 𝑛
lim ∑
𝑛→∞ 𝑛2 + 𝑘2
𝑘=1
is equal to
𝑒 5 3 𝜋
(A) 3 (B) (C) (D)
6 4 4
Q.2 Let 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑖⃗ +𝑗⃗ ) be a vector field on ℝ3 . The line integral ∫𝐶 𝐹⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑟⃗, where 𝐶 is
the triangle with vertices (0,0,0), (5,0,0) and (5,5,0) traversed in that order is
(A) -25 (B) 25 (C) 50 (D) 5
Q.3 Let {1,2,3,4} represent the outcomes of a random experiment, and 𝑃({1}) = 𝑃({2}) =
𝑃({3}) = 𝑃({4}) = 1/4. Suppose that 𝐴1 = {1,2}, 𝐴2 = {2,3}, 𝐴3 = {3,4}, and 𝐴4 =
{1,2,3}. Then which of the following statements is true?
(A) 𝐴1 and 𝐴2 are not independent.
(B) 𝐴3 and 𝐴4 are independent.
(C) 𝐴1 and 𝐴4 are not independent.
(D) 𝐴2 and 𝐴4 are independent.
Q.4 A fair die is rolled two times independently. Given that the outcome on the first roll is 1,
the expected value of the sum of the two outcomes is
(A) 4 (B) 4.5 (C) 3 (D) 5.5
Q.5 The dimension of the vector space of 7 × 7 real symmetric matrices with trace zero and the
sum of the off-diagonal elements zero is
(A) 47 (B) 28 (C) 27 (D) 26
Q.6 Let 𝐴 be a 6 × 6 complex matrix with 𝐴3 ≠ 𝟎 and 𝐴4 = 𝟎. Then the number of Jordan
blocks of 𝐴 is
(A) 1 or 6 (B) 2 or 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
Q.7 Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from uniform distribution defined over (0, 𝜃), where
𝜃 > 0 and 𝑛 ≥ 2. Let 𝑋(1) = min{𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 } and 𝑋(𝑛) = max{𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 }. Then the
covariance between 𝑋(𝑛) and 𝑋(1) / 𝑋(𝑛) is
(A) 0 (B) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)𝜃 (C) 𝑛 𝜃 (D) 𝑛2 (𝑛 + 1)𝜃
ST 1/10
Q.8 Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample drawn from a population with probability density
function 𝑓(𝑥; 𝜃) = 𝜃𝑥 𝜃−1 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 𝜃 > 0. Then the maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜃
is
−𝑛 − ∑𝑛 ∏𝑛
(A) ∑𝑛 (B) 𝑖=1 log𝑒 𝑋𝑖 (C) (∏𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 )1/𝑛 (D) 𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑖=1 log𝑒 𝑋𝑖 𝑛 𝑛
Q.9 Let 𝑌𝑖 = 𝛽0 + 𝛽1 𝑥1𝑖 + 𝛽2 𝑥2𝑖 + 𝜖𝑖 , for 𝑖 = 1, … ,10, where 𝑥1𝑖 ′s and 𝑥2𝑖 ′s are fixed
covariates, and 𝜖𝑖 ′s are uncorrelated random variables with mean 0 and unknown variance
𝜎 2 . Here 𝛽0 , 𝛽1 and 𝛽2 are unknown parameters. Further, define 𝑌̂𝑖 = 𝛽̂0 + 𝛽̂1 𝑥1𝑖 +
𝛽̂2 𝑥2𝑖 , where (𝛽̂0 , 𝛽̂1 , 𝛽̂2 ) is the unbiased least squares estimator of (𝛽0 , 𝛽1 , 𝛽2 ). Then an
unbiased estimator of 𝜎 2 is
∑10 ̂ 2
𝑖=1(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌𝑖 ) ∑10 ̂ 2
𝑖=1(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌𝑖 )
(A) (B)
10 7
∑10 ̂ 2
𝑖=1(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌𝑖 ) ∑10 ̂ 2
𝑖=1(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌𝑖 )
(C) (D)
8 9
Q.10 For 𝑖 = 1,2,3, let 𝑌𝑖 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝑥𝑖 + 𝜖𝑖 , where 𝑥𝑖 ′s are fixed covariates, and 𝜖𝑖 ′s are
independent and identically distributed standard normal random variables. Here, 𝛼 and 𝛽
are unknown parameters. Given the following observations,
𝑌𝑖 0.5 2.5 0.5

𝑥𝑖 1 1 -2
the best linear unbiased estimate of 𝛼 + 𝛽 is equal to

(A) 1.5 (B) 1 (C) 1.8 (D) 2.1
Q.11 Consider a discrete time Markov chain on the state space {1,2,3} with one-step transition
1 2 3
1 0.7 0.3 0
probability matrix . Which of the following statements is true?
2 [ 0 0.6 0.4]
3 0 0 1
(A) States 1, 3 are recurrent and state 2 is transient.
(B) State 3 is recurrent and states 1, 2 are transient.
(C) States 1, 2, 3 are recurrent.
(D) States 1, 2 are recurrent and state 3 is transient.
Q.12 1 1 2 0
The minimal polynomial of the matrix [0 2 1 0] is
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 2
(A) (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
(B) (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 2)
(C) (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)2
(D) (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 2)2
ST 2/10
Q.13 Let (𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 ) be a trivariate normal random vector with mean vector (−3, 1,4) and
4 0 0
variance-covariance matrix [0 3 −3]. Which of the following statements are true?
0 −3 4
(i) 𝑋2 and 𝑋3 are independent.
(ii) 𝑋1 + 𝑋3 and 𝑋2 are independent.
(iii) (𝑋2 , 𝑋3 ) and 𝑋1 are independent.
1
(iv) (𝑋2 + 𝑋3 ) and 𝑋1 are independent.
2
(A) (i) and (iii) (B) (ii) and (iii) (C) (i) and (iv) (D) (iii) and (iv)
Q.14 A 23 factorial experiment with factors 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 is arranged in two blocks of four plots
each as follows: (Below (1) denotes the treatment in which 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are at the lower
level, ac denotes the treatment in which 𝐴 and 𝐶 are at the higher level and 𝐵 is at the
lower level and so on.)
Block 1 (1) ab ac bc
Block 2 a b c abc
The treatment contrast that is confounded with the blocks is

(A) 𝐵𝐶 (B) 𝐴𝐶 (C) 𝐴𝐵 (D) 𝐴𝐵𝐶
Q.15 Consider a fixed effects two-way analysis of variance model 𝑌𝑖𝑗𝑘 = 𝜇 + 𝛼𝑖 + 𝛽𝑗 + 𝛾𝑖𝑗 +
𝜖𝑖𝑗𝑘 , where 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑎; 𝑗 = 1, … , 𝑏 ; 𝑘 = 1, … , 𝑟, and 𝜖𝑖𝑗𝑘 ′s are independent and identically
distributed normal random variables with zero mean and constant variance. Then the
degrees of freedom available to estimate the error variance is zero when
(A) 𝑎 = 1
(B) 𝑏 = 1
(C) 𝑟 = 1
(D) None of the above.
Q.16 For 𝑘 = 1,2, … ,10, let the probability density function of the random variable 𝑋𝑘 be
𝑥
𝑒− 𝑘
𝑓𝑋𝑘 (𝑥) = { 𝑘 , 𝑥>0
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒.
Then 𝐸(∑10
𝑘=1 𝑘 𝑋𝑘 ) is equal to …
Q.17 The probability density function of the random vector (𝑋, 𝑌) is given by
𝑐, 0<𝑥<𝑦<1
𝑓𝑋,𝑌 (𝑥, 𝑦) = {
Then the value of 𝑐 is equal to…..
ST 3/10
Q.18 Let { 𝑋𝑛 }𝑛≥1 be a sequence of independent and identically distributed normal random
1
variables with mean 4 and variance 1. Then lim 𝑃 (𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 > 4.0006) is equal to …
𝑛→∞
Q.19 Let (𝑋1 , 𝑋2 ) be a random vector following bivariate normal distribution with mean vector
(0, 0), Variance(𝑋1 ) = Variance(𝑋2 ) = 1 and correlation coefficient 𝜌, where |𝜌| < 1.
Then 𝑃(𝑋1 + 𝑋2 > 0) is equal to …
Q.20 Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from normal distribution with mean 𝜇 and variance 1.
Let Φ be the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution. Given
Φ(1.96) = 0.975, the minimum sample size required such that the length of the 95%
confidence interval for 𝜇 does NOT exceed 2 is …
Q.21 Let 𝑋 be a random variable with probability density function 𝑓(𝑥; 𝜃) = 𝜃𝑒 −𝜃𝑥 , where 𝑥 ≥
0 and 𝜃 > 0. To test 𝐻0 : 𝜃 = 1 against 𝐻1 : 𝜃 > 1, the following test is used:
Reject 𝐻0 if and only if 𝑋 > log 𝑒 20.
Then the size of the test is …
Q.22 Let {𝑋𝑛 }𝑛≥0 be a discrete time Markov chain on the state space {1,2,3} with one-step
transition probability matrix
1 2 3
1 0.4 0.3 0.3
2 [0.5 0.2 0.3 ]
3 0.2 0.4 0.4
and initial distribution 𝑃(𝑋0 = 1) = 0.5, 𝑃(𝑋0 = 2) = 0.2, 𝑃(𝑋0 = 3) = 0.3 .

Then 𝑃(𝑋1 = 2, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 1) (rounded off to three decimal places) is equal to …
Q.23 Let 𝑓 be a continuous and positive real valued function on [0, 1]. Then
𝜋
∫0 𝑓(sin 𝑥) cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is equal to …
Q.24 A random sample of size 100 is classified into 10 class intervals covering all the data
points. To test whether the data comes from a normal population with unknown mean and
unknown variance, the chi-squared goodness of fit test is used. The degrees of freedom of
the test statistic is equal to …
ST 4/10
Q.25 For 𝑖 = 1,2,3,4, let 𝑌𝑖 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝑥𝑖 + 𝜖𝑖 where 𝑥𝑖 ′s are fixed covariates and 𝜖𝑖 ′s are
uncorrelated random variables with mean 0 and variance 3. Here, 𝛼 and 𝛽 are unknown
parameters. Given the following observations,
𝑌𝑖 2 2.5 -0.5 1
𝑥𝑖 3 2 -4 -1
the variance of the least squares estimator of 𝛽 is equal to …
ST 5/10
Q. 26 – Q. 55 carry two marks each.

Q.26 Let 𝑎 = (−1)𝑛+1 , 𝑛 ≥ 0, and 𝑏 = ∑𝑛 𝑎 , 𝑛 ≥ 0. Then, for |𝑥| < 1, the series
𝑛 𝑛! 𝑛 𝑘=0 𝑘
∞ 𝑛
∑𝑛=0 𝑏𝑛 𝑥 converges to
(A)
−𝑒 −𝑥
(B)
−𝑒 −𝑥
(C)
−𝑒 −𝑥 (D) −(1 + 𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥
1+𝑥 1−𝑥 2 1−𝑥
Q.27 Let {𝑋𝑘 }𝑘≥1 be a sequence of independent and identically distributed Bernoulli random
variables with success probability 𝑝 ∈ (0,1). Then, as 𝑛 → ∞,
𝑛
1
∑(𝑋𝑘 )𝑘
𝑛
𝑘=1
converges almost surely to
(A) 𝑝 1 1−𝑝 (D) 1
(B) 1−𝑝 (C) 𝑝
2
Q.28 Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be two independent random variables with 𝜒𝑚 and 𝜒𝑛2 distributions,
respectively, where 𝑚 and 𝑛 are positive integers. Then which of the following statements
is true?
(A) For 𝑚 < 𝑛, 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑎) ≥ 𝑃(𝑌 > 𝑎) for all 𝑎 ∈ ℝ.
(B) For 𝑚 > 𝑛, 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑎) ≥ 𝑃(𝑌 > 𝑎) for all 𝑎 ∈ ℝ.
(C) For 𝑚 < 𝑛, 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑎) = 𝑃(𝑌 > 𝑎) for all 𝑎 ∈ ℝ.
(D) None of the above.
Q.29 1 𝑥 𝑧
The matrix [0 2 𝑦] is diagonalizable when
0 0 1
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) equals
(A) (0,0,1) (B) (1,1,0) (C) (√2, √2, 2) (D) (√2, √2, √2)
Q.30 Suppose that 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are two populations with equal prior probabilities having bivariate
normal distributions with mean vectors (2, 3) and (1, 1), respectively. The variance-
covariance matrix of both the distributions is the identity matrix. Let 𝑧1 = (2.5, 2) and
𝑧2 = (2, 1.5) be two new observations. According to Fisher’s linear discriminant rule,
(A) 𝑧1 is assigned to 𝑃1 , and 𝑧2 is assigned to 𝑃2 .
(B) 𝑧1 is assigned to 𝑃2 , and 𝑧2 is assigned to 𝑃1 .
(C) 𝑧1 is assigned to 𝑃1 , and 𝑧2 is assigned to 𝑃1 .
(D) 𝑧1 is assigned to 𝑃2 , and 𝑧2 is assigned to 𝑃2 .
Q.31 Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from a population having probability density function
2𝑥
𝑓𝑋 (𝑥; 𝜃) = 2 , 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜃. Then the method of moments estimator of 𝜃 is
𝜃
3 ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 3 ∑𝑛 2
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 3 ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 (𝑋𝑖 −1)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2𝑛 2𝑛 𝑛 2𝑛
ST 6/10
Q.32 Let 𝑋 be a normal random variable having mean 𝜃 and variance 1, where 1 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 10.
Then 𝑋 is
(A) sufficient but not complete.
(B) the maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜃.
(C) the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator of 𝜃.
(D) complete and ancillary.
Q.33 Let {𝑋𝑛 }𝑛≥1 be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
with mean 𝜃 and variance 𝜃, where 𝜃 > 0. Then 2 is a consistent estimator of
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
1 1+𝜃 1 𝜃
(A) 1+𝜃 (B) (C) 𝜃 (D)
𝜃 1+𝜃
Q.34 Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋10 be a random sample from a population with probability density function
𝑒 −|𝑥−𝜃|
𝑓(𝑥; 𝜃) = , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞, −∞ < 𝜃 < ∞.
2
Then the maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜃

(A) does not exist.
(B) is not unique.
(C) is the sample mean.
(D) is the smallest observation.
Q.35 Consider the model 𝑌𝑖 = 𝛽 + 𝜖𝑖 , where 𝜖𝑖 ′s are independent normal random variables with
zero mean and known variance 𝜎𝑖2 > 0, for 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑛. Then the best linear unbiased
estimator of the unknown parameter 𝛽 is
∑𝑛 2
𝑖=1(𝑌𝑖 /𝜎𝑖 )
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖 ∑𝑛 ∑𝑛
(A) (B) 𝑖=1(𝑌𝑖 /𝜎𝑖 ) 𝑖=1(𝑌𝑖 /𝜎𝑖 )
∑𝑛 2 𝑛 (C) (D)
𝑖=1(1/𝜎𝑖 ) 𝑛 ∑𝑛
𝑖=1(1/𝜎𝑖 )
Q.36 Let (𝑋, 𝑌) be a bivariate random vector with probability density function
𝑒 −𝑦 , 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑦,
𝑓(𝑋,𝑌) (𝑥, 𝑦) = {
Then the regression of 𝑌 on 𝑋 is given by

(A) 𝑋 + 1 𝑋 𝑌 (D) 𝑌 + 1
(B) 2 (C) 2
ST 7/10
Q.37 Consider a discrete time Markov chain on the state space {1, 2} with one-step transition
probability matrix
1 2
𝑃= 1 0.2 0.8 .
[ ]
2 0.3 0.7
Then lim 𝑃𝑛 is
𝑛→∞
3 8 1 0 0 1 8 3
(B) [ ] (C) [ ]
[11 11 0 1 1 0 [11 11
(A) 3 8] (D) 8 3]
11 11 11 11
Q.38 Let (𝑋 , 𝑋 ) be a random vector with variance-covariance matrix [4 0]. The two
1 2
0 2
principal components are
(A) 𝑋1 and 𝑋2 (B) −𝑋1 and 𝑋2 (C) 𝑋1 and −𝑋2 (D) 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 and 𝑋2
Q.39 Consider the objects {1,2,3,4} with the distance matrix

1 2 3 4
1 0 1 11 5
2 [1 0 2 3] .
3 11 2 0 4
4 5 3 4 0
Applying the single-linkage hierarchical procedure twice, the two clusters that result are
(A) {2,3} and {1,4} (B) {1,2,3} and {4}
(C) {1,3,4} and {2} (D) {2,3,4} and {1}
Q.40 The maximum likelihood estimates of the mean vector and the variance-covariance matrix
1 4 4
of a bivariate normal distribution based on the realization {( ) , ( ) , ( ) } of a random
2 4 3
sample of size 3, are given by
3 2 1 3 2 1
(A) ( ) and [ ] (B) ( ) and [ ]
3 1 2/3 3 1 3/2
3 3 3/2 3 3 2/3
(C) ( ) and [ ] (D) ( ) and [ ]
3 3/2 2/3 3 2/3 1
Q.41 Consider a fixed effects one-way analysis of variance model 𝑌𝑖𝑗 = 𝜇 + 𝜏𝑖 + 𝜖𝑖𝑗 , for 𝑖 =
1, … , 𝑎, 𝑗 = 1, … , 𝑟, and 𝜖𝑖𝑗 ′s are independent and identically distributed normal random
variables with mean zero and variance 𝜎 2 . Here, 𝑟 and 𝑎 are positive integers.
∑𝑟𝑗=1 𝑌𝑖𝑗
Let 𝑌̅𝑖⋅ = . Then 𝑌̅𝑖⋅ is the least squares estimator for
𝑟
𝜏𝑖
(A) 𝜇 + (B) 𝜏𝑖 (C) 𝜇 + 𝜏𝑖 (D) 𝜇
2
ST 8/10
Q.42 Let 𝐴 be a 𝑛 × 𝑛 positive semi-definite matrix with eigenvalues 𝜆1 ≥ ⋯ ≥ 𝜆𝑛 , and with 𝛼

as the maximum diagonal entry. We can find a vector 𝑥 such that 𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 = 1, where 𝑡 denotes
the transpose, and
(A) 𝑥 𝑡 𝐴 𝑥 > 𝜆1
(B) 𝑥 𝑡 𝐴 𝑥 < 𝜆𝑛
(C) 𝜆𝑛 ≤ 𝑥 𝑡 𝐴 𝑥 ≤ 𝜆1
(D) 𝑥 𝑡 𝐴 𝑥 > 𝑛 𝛼
Q.43 Let 𝑋 be a random variable with uniform distribution on the interval (−1,1) and 𝑌 =
(𝑋 + 1)2 . Then the probability density function 𝑓(𝑦) of 𝑌, over the interval (0,4), is
3√𝑦 1 1 1
(A) (B) 4 (C) (D)
16 √𝑦 6 √𝑦 √𝑦
Q.44 Let 𝑆 be the solid whose base is the region in the 𝑥𝑦-plane bounded by the curves
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 8 − 𝑥 2 , and whose cross-sections perpendicular to the 𝑥-axis are squares.
Then the volume of 𝑆 (rounded off to two decimal places) is …
Q.45 Consider the trinomial distribution with the probability mass function
7!
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥, 𝑌 = 𝑦) = 𝑥!𝑦!(7−𝑥−𝑦)! (0.6)𝑥 (0.2)𝑦 (0.2)7−𝑥−𝑦 , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0, and 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 7.
Then 𝐸(𝑌|𝑋 = 3) is equal to …
Q.46 Let 𝑌𝑖 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝑥𝑖 + 𝜖𝑖 , where 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 𝑥𝑖 ′s are fixed covariates and 𝜖𝑖 ′s are

independent and identically distributed standard normal random variables. Here, 𝛼 and 𝛽
are unknown parameters. Let Φ be the cumulative distribution function of the standard
normal distribution and Φ(1.96) = 0.975. Given the following observations,
𝑌𝑖 3 -2.5 5 -5
𝑥𝑖 1 -2 3 -2
the length (rounded off to two decimal places) of the shortest 95% confidence interval for
𝛽 based on its least squares estimator is equal to …
Q.47 Consider a discrete time Markov chain on the state space {1,2,3} with one-step transition
1 2 3
1 0 0.2 0.8
probability matrix . Then the period of the Markov chain is …
2 [0.5 0 0.5]
3 0.6 0.4 0
Q.48 Suppose customers arrive at an ATM facility according to a Poisson process with rate 5
customers per hour. The probability (rounded off to two decimal places) that no customer
arrives at the ATM facility from 1:00 pm to 1:18 pm is …
ST 9/10
Q.49 Let 𝑋 be a random variable with characteristic function 𝜙𝑋 (⋅) such that 𝜙𝑋 (2 𝜋) = 1. Let ℤ
denote the set of integers. Then 𝑃(𝑋 ∈ ℤ) is equal to …
Q.50 Let 𝑋1 be a random sample of size 1 from uniform distribution over (𝜃, 𝜃 2 ), where 𝜃 > 1.
To test 𝐻0 : 𝜃 = 2 against 𝐻1 : 𝜃 = 3, reject 𝐻0 if and only if 𝑋1 > 3.5 . Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 be the
size and the power, respectively, of this test. Then 𝛼 + 𝛽 (rounded off to two decimal
places) is equal to …
Q.51 Let 𝑌𝑖 = 𝛽0 + 𝛽1 𝑥𝑖 + 𝜖𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑛, where 𝑥𝑖 ′s are fixed covariates, and 𝜖𝑖 ′s are

uncorrelated random variables with mean zero and constant variance. Suppose that 𝛽̂0 and
𝛽̂1 are the least squares estimators of the unknown parameters 𝛽0 and 𝛽1, respectively. If
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 = 0, then the correlation between 𝛽̂0 and 𝛽̂1 is equal to …
Q.52 Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 + 4) cos 𝑥. Then lim 𝑓(ℎ)+𝑓(−ℎ)−8

ℎ2
ℎ→0
is equal to …
Q.53 The maximum value of (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 subject to the constraint 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 45

is equal to…
Q.54 Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋10 be independent and identically distributed normal random variables with
1𝑋2
mean 0 and variance 2. Then 𝐸 (𝑋 2 +⋯+𝑋 2 ) is equal to …
1 10
Q.55 Let 𝐼 be the 4 × 4 identity matrix and 𝑣 = (1, 2, 3, 4)𝑡 , where 𝑡 denotes the transpose. Then
the determinant of 𝐼 + 𝑣𝑣 𝑡 is equal to …
ST 10/10
Statistics (ST)
General Aptitude (GA)
Q.1 – Q.5 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE mark each (for each wrong
answer: – 1/3).
Q.1 The current population of a city is 11,02,500. If it has been increasing at the
rate of 5% per annum, what was its population 2 years ago?
(A) 9,92,500
(B) 9,95,006
(C) 10,00,000
(D) 12,51,506
Q.2 p q
p and q are positive integers and + = 3,
q p
p2 q2
then, + =
q2 p2
(A) 3
(B) 7
(C) 9
(D) 11
ST - Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 1 of 27

Statistics (ST)
Q.3
The least number of squares that must be added so that the line P-Q
becomes the line of symmetry is ________
(A) 4
(B) 3
(C) 6
(D) 7
Q.4 Nostalgia is to anticipation as _______ is to ________

Which one of the following options maintains a similar logical relation in the
above sentence?
(A) Present, past
(B) Future, past
(C) Past, future
(D) Future, present

Statistics (ST)
Q.5 Consider the following sentences:

(i) I woke up from sleep.
(ii) I woked up from sleep.
(iii) I was woken up from sleep.
(iv) I was wokened up from sleep.
Which of the above sentences are grammatically CORRECT?
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (i) and (iii)
(C) (ii) and (iii)
(D) (i) and (iv)

Statistics (ST)
Q. 6 – Q. 10 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry TWO marks each (for each wrong
answer: – 2/3).
Q.6 Given below are two statements and two conclusions.

Statement 1: All purple are green.
Statement 2: All black are green.
Conclusion I: Some black are purple.
Conclusion II: No black is purple.
Based on the above statements and conclusions, which one of the following
options is logically CORRECT?
(A) Only conclusion I is correct.
(B) Only conclusion II is correct.
(C) Either conclusion I or II is correct.
(D) Both conclusion I and II are correct.

Statistics (ST)
Q.7 Computers are ubiquitous. They are used to improve efficiency in almost all
fields from agriculture to space exploration. Artificial intelligence (AI) is
currently a hot topic. AI enables computers to learn, given enough training
data. For humans, sitting in front of a computer for long hours can lead to
health issues.
Which of the following can be deduced from the above passage?
(i) Nowadays, computers are present in almost all places.
(ii) Computers cannot be used for solving problems in engineering.
(iii) For humans, there are both positive and negative effects of using
computers.
(iv) Artificial intelligence can be done without data.
(A) (ii) and (iii)
(B) (ii) and (iv)
(C) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(D) (i) and (iii)
Q.8 Consider a square sheet of side 1 unit. In the first step, it is cut along the
main diagonal to get two triangles. In the next step, one of the cut triangles
is revolved about its short edge to form a solid cone. The volume of the
resulting cone, in cubic units, is ________
(A) 𝜋
3
(B) 2𝜋
3
(C) 3𝜋
2
(D) 3π

Statistics (ST)
Q.9
65
Sunday 55
50
Saturday 60
35
Friday 20
55
Thursday 60
50
Wednesday 60
65
Tuesday 55
70
Monday 45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Y X
The number of minutes spent by two students, X and Y, exercising every day
in a given week are shown in the bar chart above.
The number of days in the given week in which one of the students spent a
minimum of 10% more than the other student, on a given day, is
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7

Statistics (ST)
Q.10
Corners are cut from an equilateral triangle to produce a regular convex

hexagon as shown in the figure above.
The ratio of the area of the regular convex hexagon to the area of the original
equilateral triangle is
(A) 2:3
(B) 3:4
(C) 4:5
(D) 5:6

Statistics (ST)
Statistics (ST)
Q.1 – Q.9 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE mark each (for each wrong
answer: – 1/3).
Q.1 Let 𝑿 be a non-constant positive random variable such that 𝑬(𝑿) = 𝟗.

Then which one of the following statements is true?
(A) 𝐸 ( 1 ) > 0.1 and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 10) ≤ 0.9

𝑋+1
(B) 𝐸 ( 1 ) < 0.1 and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 10) ≤ 0.9

𝑋+1
(C ) 𝐸 ( 1 ) > 0.1 and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 10) > 0.9

𝑋+1
(D) 𝐸 ( 1 ) < 0.1 and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 10) > 0.9

𝑋+1
Q.2 Let {𝑾(𝒕)}𝒕≥𝟎 be a standard Brownian motion. Then the variance of

𝑾(𝟏)𝑾(𝟐) equals
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4

Statistics (ST)
Q.3 Let 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 be a random sample of size 𝒏 (≥ 𝟐) from a distribution

having the probability density function
1 − 𝑥−𝜃
𝑓(𝑥; 𝜃) = { 𝜃 𝑒
𝜃 , 𝑥 > 𝜃,
0, otherwise,
where 𝜃 ∈ (0, ∞). Then the method of moments estimator of 𝜃 equals
𝑛
(A) 1
∑ 𝑋𝑖
2𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
(B) 2
∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
(C) 1
∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=1
(D) 𝑛
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
Q.4 Let {𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , … , 𝒙𝒏 } be a realization of a random sample of size 𝒏 (≥ 𝟐)

from a 𝑵(𝝁, 𝝈𝟐 ) distribution, where −∞ < 𝝁 < ∞ and 𝝈 > 𝟎. Which of
the following statements is/are true?
P : 95% confidence interval of 𝜇 based on {𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … , 𝑥𝑛 } is unique when
𝜎 is known.
Q : 95% confidence interval of 𝜇 based on {𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … , 𝑥𝑛 } is NOT unique
when 𝜎 is unknown.
(A) P only
(B) Q only
(C) Both P and Q
(D) Neither P nor Q

Statistics (ST)
Q.5 Let 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 be a random sample of size 𝒏 (≥ 𝟐) from a 𝑵(𝟎, 𝝈𝟐 )

distribution. For a given 𝝈 > 𝟎, let 𝒇𝝈 denote the joint probability density
function of (𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 ) and 𝑺 = {𝒇𝝈 : 𝝈 > 𝟎}. Let 𝑻𝟏 = ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝑿𝟐𝒊 and
𝟏 𝟐
𝑻𝟐 = (𝒏 ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝑿𝒊 ) . For any positive integer 𝝂 and any 𝜶 ∈ (𝟎, 𝟏), let 𝝌𝟐𝝂,𝜶
denote the (𝟏 − 𝜶)-th quantile of the central chi-square distribution with 𝝂
degrees of freedom. Consider testing 𝑯𝟎 : 𝝈 = 𝟏 against 𝑯𝟏 : 𝝈 > 𝟏 at level
𝜶. Then which one of the following statements is true?
2
(A) 𝑆 has a monotone likelihood ratio in 𝑇1 and 𝐻0 is rejected if 𝑇1 > 𝜒𝑛,𝛼
2
(B) 𝑆 has a monotone likelihood ratio in 𝑇1 and 𝐻0 is rejected if 𝑇1 > 𝜒𝑛,1−𝛼
2
(C) 𝑆 has a monotone likelihood ratio in 𝑇2 and 𝐻0 is rejected if 𝑇2 > 𝜒𝑛,𝛼
2
(D) 𝑆 has a monotone likelihood ratio in 𝑇2 and 𝐻0 is rejected if 𝑇2 > 𝜒𝑛,1−𝛼

Statistics (ST)
Q.6 Let 𝑿 and 𝒀 be two random variables such that 𝒑𝟏𝟏 + 𝒑𝟏𝟎 + 𝒑𝟎𝟏 + 𝒑𝟎𝟎 =
𝟏, where 𝒑𝒊𝒋 = 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒊, 𝒀 = 𝒋), 𝒊, 𝒋 = 𝟎, 𝟏. Suppose that a realization of a
random sample of size 𝟔𝟎 from the joint distribution of (𝑿, 𝒀) gives
𝒏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝒏𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎, 𝒏𝟎𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎,
where 𝒏𝒊𝒋 denotes the frequency of (𝒊, 𝒋) for 𝒊, 𝒋 = 𝟎, 𝟏. If the chi-square
test of independence is used to test
𝑯𝟎 : 𝒑𝒊𝒋 = 𝒑𝒊⋅ 𝒑⋅𝒋 for 𝒊, 𝒋 = 𝟎, 𝟏 against 𝑯𝟏 : 𝒑𝒊𝒋 ≠ 𝒑𝒊⋅ 𝒑⋅𝒋 for at least one pair
(𝒊, 𝒋),
where 𝒑𝒊⋅ = 𝒑𝒊𝟎 + 𝒑𝒊𝟏 and 𝒑⋅𝒋 = 𝒑𝟎𝒋 + 𝒑𝟏𝒋 , then which one of the following
statements is true?
(A) Under 𝐻0 , the test statistic follows central chi-square distribution with one
20
degree of freedom and the observed value of the test statistic is 3
(B) Under 𝐻0 , the test statistic follows central chi-square distribution with three
20
degrees of freedom and the observed value of the test statistic is 3
(C) Under 𝐻0 , the test statistic follows central chi-square distribution with one
16
degree of freedom and the observed value of the test statistic is 3
(D) Under 𝐻0 , the test statistic follows central chi-square distribution with three
16
degrees of freedom and the observed value of the test statistic is 3
Q.7 Let the joint distribution of (𝑿, 𝒀) be bivariate normal with mean vector
𝟎 𝟏 𝝆
( ) and variance-covariance matrix ( ), where −𝟏 < 𝝆 < 𝟏. Let
𝟎 𝝆 𝟏
𝚽𝝆 (𝟎, 𝟎) = 𝑷(𝑿 ≤ 𝟎, 𝒀 ≤ 𝟎). Then the Kendall’s 𝝉 coefficient between 𝑿
and 𝒀 equals
(A) 4Φ𝜌 (0,0) − 1
(B) 4Φ𝜌 (0,0)
(C) 4Φ𝜌 (0,0) + 1
(D) Φ𝜌 (0,0)

Statistics (ST)
Q.8 Consider the simple linear regression model

𝒀𝒊 = 𝜷𝟎 + 𝜷𝟏 𝒙𝒊 + 𝝐𝒊 , 𝒊 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … , 𝒏 (𝒏 ≥ 𝟑),
where 𝜷𝟎 and 𝜷𝟏 are unknown parameters and 𝝐𝒊 ’s are independent and
identically distributed random variables with mean zero and finite variance
𝝈𝟐 > 𝟎. Suppose that 𝜷 ̂𝟎 and 𝜷̂𝟏 are the ordinary least squares estimators
𝟏
of 𝜷𝟎 and 𝜷𝟏 , respectively. Define 𝒙̅ = ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝒙𝒊 , 𝑺𝟏 = ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏(𝒙𝒊 − 𝒙
̅)𝟐 and
𝒏
𝑺𝟐 = ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝒚𝒊 (𝒙𝒊 − 𝒙
̅), where 𝒚𝒊 is the observed value of 𝒀𝒊 , 𝒊 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … , 𝒏.
̂𝟎 + 𝒄 is
Then for a real constant 𝒄, the variance of 𝜷
(A) 2
1 𝑥̅ 2
𝜎 ( + )
𝑛 𝑆2
(B) 2
1 𝑥̅ 2
𝜎 ( + )
𝑛 𝑆1
(C) 𝜎 2
𝑛
(D) 1 𝑥̅ 2
𝜎2 ( + ) + 𝑐2
𝑛 𝑆2
Q.9 Let 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , 𝑿𝟑 , 𝒀𝟏 , 𝒀𝟐 , 𝒀𝟑 and 𝒀𝟒 be independent random vectors such that

𝑿𝒊 follows 𝑵𝟒 (𝟎, 𝚺𝟏 ) distribution for 𝒊 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, and 𝒀𝒋 follows 𝑵𝟒 (𝟎, 𝚺𝟐 )
distribution for 𝒋 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, where 𝚺𝟏 and 𝚺𝟐 are positive definite
matrices. Further, let
𝒁 = 𝚺𝟏− ½ 𝑿𝑿𝑻 𝚺𝟏− ½ + 𝚺𝟐− ½ 𝒀𝒀𝑻 𝚺𝟐− ½ ,
where 𝑿 = [𝑿𝟏 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟑 ] is a 𝟒 × 𝟑 matrix, 𝒀 = [𝒀𝟏 𝒀𝟐 𝒀𝟑 𝒀𝟒 ] is a 𝟒 × 𝟒
matrix and 𝑿𝑻 and 𝒀𝑻 denote transposes of 𝑿 and 𝒀, respectively. If
𝑾𝒎 (𝒏, 𝚺) denotes a Wishart distribution of order 𝒎 with 𝒏 degrees of
freedom and variance-covariance matrix 𝚺 and 𝑰𝒏 denotes the 𝒏 × 𝒏
identity matrix, then which one of the following statements is true?
(A) 𝑍 follows 𝑊4 (7, 𝐼4 ) distribution
(B) 𝑍 follows 𝑊4 (4, 𝐼4 ) distribution
(C) 𝑍 follows 𝑊7 (4, 𝐼7 ) distribution
(D) 𝑍 follows 𝑊7 (7, 𝐼7 ) distribution

Statistics (ST)
Q.10 – Q.25 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry ONE mark each (no negative
marks).
Q.10 𝟏
𝒏 𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝟐𝒏 + 𝒏𝟐𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 ) 𝟐𝒏−𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒏
𝒏→∞ 𝟐
equals __________
Q.11 Let
𝟏 𝒙
𝟏
𝑰=𝟒 ∫ ∫ 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 √𝟏−𝒙𝟐
√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
√𝟐
Then the value of 𝒆𝑰+𝝅 equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal
places).
Q.12 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
Let 𝑨 = [𝟏 𝟎 𝟎] and 𝑰𝟑 be the 𝟑 × 𝟑 identity matrix. Then the
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
nullity of 𝟓𝑨(𝑰𝟑 + 𝑨 + 𝑨𝟐 ) equals __________
Q.13 Let 𝑨 be the 𝟐 × 𝟐 real matrix having eigenvalues 𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 − 𝟏, with

√𝟑 −𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
corresponding eigenvectors [ ] and [ ], respectively. If 𝑨𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏 =
𝟏 √𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂 𝒃
[ ], then 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝒅 equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal
𝒄 𝒅
places).
Q.14 𝟑 𝟏
Let 𝑨 and 𝑩 be two events such that 𝑷(𝑩) = and 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩𝒄 ) = .
𝟒 𝟐
If 𝑨 and 𝑩 are independent, then 𝑷(𝑨) equals __________ (round off to
𝟐 decimal places).

Statistics (ST)
Q.15 A fair die is rolled twice independently. Let 𝑿 and 𝒀 denote the outcomes
of the first and second roll, respectively. Then 𝑬(𝑿 + 𝒀 | (𝑿 − 𝒀)𝟐 = 𝟏)
equals __________
Q.16 Let 𝑿 be a random variable having distribution function

𝟎, 𝒙 < 𝟏,
𝒂
, 𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟐,
𝑭(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒄
, 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟑,
𝟔
{ 𝟏, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟑,
𝟏 𝟏
where 𝒂 and 𝒄 are appropriate constants. Let 𝑨𝒏 = [𝟏 + 𝒏 , 𝟑 − 𝒏], 𝒏 ≥
𝟏 𝟓
𝟏, and 𝑨 = ⋃∞
𝒊=𝟏 𝑨𝒊 . If 𝑷(𝑿 ≤ 𝟏) = 𝟐 and 𝑬(𝑿) = 𝟑, then 𝑷(𝑿 ∈ 𝑨)
equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).
Q.17 If the marginal probability density function of the 𝒌𝒕𝒉 order statistic of a
random sample of size 8 from a uniform distribution on [𝟎, 𝟐] is
𝟕 𝟔
(𝟐 − 𝒙), 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟐,
𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝟑𝟐 𝒙
𝟎, 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐞,
then 𝒌 equals __________
Q.18 (𝜶)
For 𝜶 > 𝟎, let {𝑿𝒏 } be a sequence of independent random variables
𝒏≥𝟏
such that
(𝜶) 𝟏 (𝜶)
𝑷(𝑿𝒏 = 𝟏) = = 𝟏 − 𝑷(𝑿𝒏 = 𝟎).
𝒏𝟐𝜶
(𝜶)
Let 𝑺 = {𝜶 > 𝟎 ∶ 𝑿𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝟎 𝐚𝐥𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐬 𝒏 → ∞}. Then
the infimum of 𝑺 equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).

Statistics (ST)
Q.19 Let {𝑿𝒏 }𝒏≥𝟏 be a sequence of independent and identically distributed

random variables each having uniform distribution on [𝟎, 𝟐]. For 𝒏 ≥ 𝟏,
let
𝟏
𝒏 𝒏
𝒁𝒏 = − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 (∏(𝟐 − 𝑿𝒊 )) .
𝒊=𝟏
Then, as 𝒏 → ∞, the sequence {𝒁𝒏 }𝒏≥𝟏 converges almost surely to

_________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).
Q.20 Let {𝑿𝒏 }𝒏≥𝟎 be a time-homogeneous discrete time Markov chain with state
space {𝟎, 𝟏} and transition probability matrix
𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
[ ].
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
If 𝑷(𝑿𝟎 = 𝟎) = 𝑷(𝑿𝟎 = 𝟏) = 𝟎. 𝟓, then
𝟏𝟎𝟎
∑ 𝑬[(𝑿𝟐𝒌 )𝟐𝒌 ]
𝒌=𝟏
equals __________
Q.21 Let {𝟎, 𝟐} be a realization of a random sample of size 𝟐 from a binomial

𝟏
distribution with parameters 𝟐 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒑, where 𝒑 ∈ (𝟎, 𝟏). To test 𝑯𝟎 : 𝒑 = 𝟐
𝟏
against 𝑯𝟏 : 𝒑 ≠ 𝟐, the observed value of the likelihood ratio test statistic
Q.22 Let 𝑿 be a random variable having the probability density function

𝟑
(𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝟏𝟑 − 𝒙)(𝟗 − 𝒙), 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟏,
𝟎, 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐞.
𝟒
Then 𝑬[𝑿(𝑿𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓𝑿 + 𝟐𝟕)] equals __________ (round off to 𝟐
𝟑
decimal places).

Statistics (ST)
Q.23 𝟓
Let (𝒀, 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 ) be a random vector with mean vector (𝟐) and variance-
𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟓
covariance matrix [ 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟕 𝟏. 𝟓 ]. Then the value of the multiple
−𝟎. 𝟓 𝟏. 𝟓 𝟐
correlation coefficient between 𝒀 and its best linear predictor on 𝑿𝟏 and
𝑿𝟐 equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).
Q.24 Let 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 and 𝑿𝟑 be a random sample from a bivariate normal

distribution with unknown mean vector 𝝁 and unknown variance-
covariance matrix 𝚺, which is a positive definite matrix. The 𝒑-value
corresponding to the likelihood ratio test for testing 𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 = 𝟎 against
𝟏 𝟒 −𝟓
𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝟎 based on the realization {( ) , ( ) , ( )} of the random
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟎
sample equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).
Q.25 Let 𝒀𝒊 = 𝜶 + 𝜷𝒙𝒊 + 𝝐𝒊 , 𝒊 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, where 𝒙𝒊 ’s are fixed covariates, 𝜶 and

𝜷 are unknown parameters and 𝝐𝒊 ’s are independent and identically
distributed random variables with mean zero and finite variance. Let 𝜶 ̂ and
̂ be the ordinary least squares estimators of 𝜶 and 𝜷, respectively. Given
𝜷
the following observations
𝒚𝒊 𝟖. 𝟔𝟐 𝟐𝟔. 𝟖𝟔 𝟓𝟒. 𝟎𝟐
𝒙𝒊 𝟑. 𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 𝟒𝟖. 𝟔𝟗
̂ equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).

̂+𝜷
the value of 𝜶

Statistics (ST)
Q.26 – Q.43 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry TWO mark each (for each wrong
answer: – 2/3).
Q.26 Let 𝒇: ℝ → ℝ be defined by

𝒙𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙, 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐫 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥,
𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝟏 𝒑
𝟑
, 𝒙 = , 𝒑 ∈ ℤ ∖ {𝟎}, 𝒒 ∈ ℕ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐠𝐜𝐝(𝒑, 𝒒) = 𝟏,
𝒒 𝒒
where ℝ denotes the set of all real numbers, ℤ denotes the set of all integers,
ℕ denotes the set of all positive integers and 𝐠𝐜𝐝(𝒑, 𝒒) denotes the greatest
common divisor of 𝒑 and 𝒒. Then which one of the following statements is
true?
(A) 𝑓 is not continuous at 0
(B) 𝑓 is not differentiable at 0
(C) 𝑓 is differentiable at 0 and the derivative of 𝑓 at 0 equals 0
(D) 𝑓 is differentiable at 0 and the derivative of 𝑓 at 0 equals 1
Q.27 Let 𝒇: [𝟎, ∞) → ℝ be a function, where ℝ denotes the set of all real
numbers. Then which one of the following statements is true?
(A) If 𝑓 is bounded and continuous, then 𝑓 is uniformly continuous
(B) If 𝑓 is uniformly continuous, then lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists

𝑥→∞
(C) If 𝑓 is uniformly continuous, then the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) sin 𝑥 is also
uniformly continuous
(D) If 𝑓 is continuous and lim 𝑓(𝑥) is finite, then 𝑓 is uniformly continuous

𝑥→∞

Statistics (ST)
Q.28 Let 𝒇: ℝ → ℝ be a differentiable function such that 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟎 and

𝒇′ (𝒙) + 𝟐𝒇(𝒙) > 𝟎 for all 𝒙 ∈ ℝ, where 𝒇′ denotes the derivative of 𝒇 and
ℝ denotes the set of all real numbers. Then which one of the following
statements is true?
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) > 0, for all 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑓(𝑥) < 0, for all 𝑥 < 0
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) < 0, for all 𝑥 ≠ 0
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) > 0, for all 𝑥 ≠ 0
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) < 0, for all 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑓(𝑥) > 0, for all 𝑥 < 0
Q.29 Let 𝑴 be the collection of all 𝟑 × 𝟑 real symmetric positive definite

matrices. Consider the set
𝟏
𝑺 = {𝑨 ∈ 𝑴 ∶ 𝑨𝟓𝟎 − 𝑨𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎},
𝟒
where 𝟎 denotes the 𝟑 × 𝟑 zero matrix. Then the number of elements in
𝑺 equals
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 8
(D) ∞
Q.30 Let 𝑨 be a 𝟑 × 𝟑 real matrix such that 𝑰𝟑 + 𝑨 is invertible and let

𝑩 = (𝑰𝟑 + 𝑨)−𝟏 (𝑰𝟑 − 𝑨), where 𝑰𝟑 denotes the 𝟑 × 𝟑 identity matrix. Then
which one of the following statements is true?
(A) If 𝐵 is orthogonal, then 𝐴 is invertible
(B) If 𝐵 is orthogonal, then all the eigenvalues of 𝐴 are real
(C) If 𝐵 is skew-symmetric, then 𝐴 is orthogonal
(D) If 𝐵 is skew-symmetric, then the determinant of 𝐴 equals −1

Statistics (ST)
Q.31 Let 𝑿 be a random variable having Poisson distribution such that

𝑬(𝑿𝟐 ) = 𝟏𝟏𝟎. Then which one of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) 𝐸(𝑋 𝑛 ) = 10 𝐸[(𝑋 + 1)𝑛−1 ], for all 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, …
(B) 1
𝑃(𝑋 is even) = 4 (1 + 𝑒 −20 )
(C) 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑘) < 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑘 + 1), for 𝑘 = 0, 1, … , 8
(D) 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑘) > 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑘 + 1), for 𝑘 = 10, 11, …
Q.32 𝝅 𝝅
Let 𝑿 be a random variable having uniform distribution on [− , 𝟐 ].
𝟐
Then which one of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) 𝑌 = cot 𝑋 follows standard Cauchy distribution
(B) 𝑌 = tan 𝑋 follows standard Cauchy distribution
(C) 𝑌 = − log ( 1 + 𝑋) has moment generating function 𝑀 (𝑡 ) = 1

𝑒 2 𝜋
, 𝑡<1
1−𝑡
(D) 𝑌 = −2 log ( 1 + 𝑋) follows central chi-square distribution with one degree of

𝑒 2 𝜋
freedom
Q.33 Let 𝛀 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, … } represent the collection of all possible outcomes of a

random experiment with probabilities 𝑷({𝒏}) = 𝜶𝒏 for 𝒏 ∈ 𝛀. Then which
one of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) lim 𝛼𝑛 = 0
𝑛→∞
(B) ∑∞
𝑛=1 √𝛼𝑛 converges
(C) For any positive integer 𝑘, there exist 𝑘 disjoint events 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , … , 𝐴𝑘 such
that 𝑃(⋃𝑘𝑖=1 𝐴𝑖 ) < 0.001
(D) There exists a sequence {𝐴𝑖 }𝑖≥1 of strictly increasing events such that
𝑃(⋃∞𝑖=1 𝐴𝑖 ) < 0.001

Statistics (ST)
Q.34 Let (𝑿, 𝒀) have the joint probability density function

𝟒
, 𝒙 > 𝟏, 𝒚 > 𝟏,
𝒇𝑿,𝒀 (𝒙, 𝒚) = {(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟑
(A) The probability density function of 𝑋 + 𝑌 is

4
(𝑧
𝑓𝑋+𝑌 (𝑧) = { 𝑧 3 − 2), 𝑧 > 2,
0, otherwise.
(B) 3
𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 > 4) =
4
(C) 𝐸(𝑋 + 𝑌) = 4 log 𝑒 2
(D) 𝐸(𝑌 | 𝑋 = 2) = 4
Q.35 Let 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 and 𝑿𝟑 be three uncorrelated random variables with common

variance 𝝈𝟐 < ∞. Let 𝒀𝟏 = 𝟐𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 + 𝑿𝟑 , 𝒀𝟐 = 𝑿𝟏 + 𝟐𝑿𝟐 + 𝑿𝟑 and
𝒀𝟑 = 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 + 𝟐𝑿𝟑 . Then which of the following statements is/are true?
P : The sum of eigenvalues of the variance covariance matrix of
(𝒀𝟏 , 𝒀𝟐 , 𝒀𝟑 )
is 𝟏𝟖𝝈𝟐 .
Q : The correlation coefficient between 𝒀𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒀𝟐 equals that between
𝒀𝟐 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒀𝟑 .
(A) P only
(B) Q only
(C) Both P and Q
(D) Neither P nor Q

Statistics (ST)
Q.36 Let {𝑿𝒏 }𝒏≥𝟎 be a time-homogeneous discrete time Markov chain with either
finite or countable state space 𝑺. Then which one of the following statements
is true?
(A) There is at least one recurrent state
(B) If there is an absorbing state, then there exists at least one stationary distribution
(C) If all the states are positive recurrent, then there exists a unique stationary
distribution
(D) If {𝑋𝑛 }𝑛≥0 is irreducible, 𝑆 = {1, 2} and [𝜋1 𝜋2 ] is a stationary distribution,

then lim 𝑃(𝑋𝑛 = 𝑖 | 𝑋0 = 𝑖) = 𝜋𝑖 for 𝑖 = 1, 2
𝑛→∞
Q.37 Let customers arrive at a departmental store according to a Poisson process

with rate 𝟏𝟎. Further, suppose that each arriving customer is either a male
𝟏
or a female with probability 𝟐 each, independent of all other arrivals. Let
𝑵(𝒕) denote the total number of customers who have arrived by time 𝒕.
(A) If 𝑆2 denotes the time of arrival of the second female customer, then
1
𝑃(𝑆2 ≤ 1) = 25 ∫0 𝑠𝑒 −5𝑠 𝑑𝑠
(B) If 𝑀(𝑡) denotes the number of male customers who have arrived by time 𝑡,
1 1
then 𝑃 (𝑀 (3) = 0 | 𝑀(1) = 1) = 3
(C) 𝐸 [(𝑁(𝑡))2 ] = 100𝑡 2 + 10𝑡
(D) 𝐸[𝑁(𝑡)𝑁(2𝑡)] = 200𝑡 2 + 10𝑡

Statistics (ST)
Q.38 Let 𝑿(𝟏) < 𝑿(𝟐) < 𝑿(𝟑) < 𝑿(𝟒) < 𝑿(𝟓) be the order statistics corresponding
to a random sample of size 𝟓 from a uniform distribution on [𝟎, 𝜽], where
𝜽 ∈ (𝟎, ∞). Then which of the following statements is/are true?
P : 𝟑𝑿(𝟐) is an unbiased estimator of 𝜽.
Q : The variance of 𝑬[𝟐𝑿(𝟑) | 𝑿(𝟓) ] is less than or equal to the variance
of 𝟐𝑿(𝟑) .
(A) P only
(B) Q only
(C) Both P and Q
(D) Neither P nor Q
Q.39 Let 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 be a random sample of size 𝒏 (≥ 𝟐) from a

distribution having the probability density function
𝟏 −𝒙
𝒇(𝒙; 𝜽) = {𝜽 𝒆 , 𝒙 > 𝟎,
𝜽
where 𝜽 ∈ (𝟎, ∞). Let 𝑿(𝟏) = 𝐦𝐢𝐧{ 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 } and 𝑻 = ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝑿𝒊 .
Then 𝑬(𝑿(𝟏) | 𝑻 ) equals
(A) 𝑇
𝑛2
(B) 𝑇
𝑛
(C) (𝑛 + 1)𝑇
2𝑛
(D) (𝑛 + 1)2 𝑇
4𝑛2

Statistics (ST)
Q.40 Let 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 be a random sample of size 𝒏 (≥ 𝟐) from a uniform

distribution on [−𝜽, 𝜽], where 𝜽 ∈ (𝟎, ∞). Let 𝑿(𝟏) = 𝐦𝐢𝐧{ 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 }
and 𝑿(𝒏) = 𝐦𝐚𝐱{ 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 }. Then which of the following statements
is/are true?
P : (𝑿(𝟏), 𝑿(𝒏) ) is a complete statistic.
Q : 𝑿(𝒏) − 𝑿(𝟏) is an ancillary statistic.
(A) P only
(B) Q only
(C) Both P and Q
(D) Neither P nor Q

random variables having common distribution function 𝑭(⋅). Let 𝒂 < 𝒃 be
two real numbers such that 𝑭(𝒙) = 𝟎 for all 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂, 𝟎 < 𝑭(𝒙) < 𝟏 for all
𝒂 < 𝒙 < 𝒃 and 𝑭(𝒙) = 𝟏 for all 𝒙 ≥ 𝒃. Let 𝑺𝒏 (𝒙) be the empirical
distribution function at 𝒙 based on 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 , 𝒏 ≥ 𝟏. Then which one
of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) 𝑃 [ lim sup |𝑆𝑛 (𝑥) − 𝐹(𝑥)| = 0] = 1

𝑛→∞ −∞<𝑥<∞
(B) For fixed 𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏) and 𝑡 ∈ (− ∞, ∞),
√𝑛 |𝑆𝑛 (𝑥) − 𝐹(𝑥)|

lim 𝑃 ≤ 𝑡 = 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 𝑡),
𝑛→∞
√𝑆 (𝑥)(1 − 𝑆𝑛 (𝑥))
[ 𝑛 ]
where 𝑍 is the standard normal random variable
(C) The covariance between 𝑆𝑛 (𝑥) and 𝑆𝑛 (𝑦) equals 1

𝐹(𝑥)(1 − 𝐹(𝑦)) for all
𝑛
𝑛 ≥ 2 and for fixed −∞ < 𝑥, 𝑦 < ∞
(D) If 𝑌 = 2
𝑛 sup (𝑆𝑛 (𝑥) − 𝐹(𝑥)) , then {4𝑛 𝑌𝑛 }𝑛≥1 converges in distribution to
−∞<𝑥<∞
a central chi-square random variable with 2 degrees of freedom

Statistics (ST)
Q.42 Let the joint distribution of random variables 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , 𝑿𝟑 and 𝑿𝟒 be

𝑵𝟒 ( 𝝁, 𝚺), where
𝟏 𝟏 𝟎. 𝟐 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎. 𝟐 𝟐 𝟎 𝟎
𝝁=( ) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝚺=[ ].
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟐
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎. 𝟐 𝟏
Then which one of the following statements is true?
(A) 5
[(𝑋1 + 𝑋2 )2 + (𝑋3 + 𝑋4 − 1)2 ] follows a central chi-square
17
distribution with 2 degrees of freedom
(B) 1 [(𝑋 + 𝑋 − 1)2 + (𝑋 + 𝑋 − 1)2 ] follows a central chi-square

3 1 3 2 4
distribution with 2 degrees of freedom
(C) 𝑋1 +𝑋2 −1
𝐸 [√| | ] is NOT finite
𝑋3 +𝑋4 −1
(D) 𝑋1 +𝑋2 +𝑋3 +𝑋4 −2

𝐸[| 𝑋1 +𝑋2 −𝑋3 −𝑋4
| ] is NOT finite
Q.43 Let 𝒀 follow 𝑵𝟖 (𝟎, 𝑰𝟖 ) distribution, where 𝑰𝟖 is the 𝟖 × 𝟖 identity matrix.

Let 𝒀𝑻 𝚺𝟏 𝒀 and 𝒀𝑻 𝚺𝟐 𝒀 be independent and follow central chi-square
distributions with 𝟑 and 𝟒 degrees of freedom, respectively, where 𝚺𝟏 and
𝚺𝟐 are 𝟖 × 𝟖 matrices and 𝒀𝑻 denotes transpose of 𝒀. Then which of the
following statements is/are true?
P : 𝚺𝟏 and 𝚺𝟐 are idempotent.
Q : 𝚺𝟏 𝚺𝟐 = 𝟎, where 𝟎 is the 𝟖 × 𝟖 zero matrix.
(A) P only
(B) Q only
(C) Both P and Q
(D) Neither P nor Q

Statistics (ST)
Q.44 – Q.55 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry TWO mark each (no negative marks).
Q.44 Let (𝑿, 𝒀) have a bivariate normal distribution with the joint probability
density function
𝟏 ( 𝟑 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 𝒚𝟐)
𝒇𝑿,𝒀 (𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒆 𝟐 𝟑𝟐 , − ∞ < 𝒙, 𝒚 < ∞.
𝝅
Then 𝟖 𝑬(𝑿𝒀) equals __________
Q.45 Let 𝒇: ℝ × ℝ → ℝ be defined by 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚, where ℝ denotes the

set of all real numbers. If 𝑴 and 𝒎 denote the maximum and minimum
values of 𝒇, respectively, on the set {(𝒙, 𝒚) ∈ ℝ × ℝ ∶ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏}, then
𝑴 − 𝒎 equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).
Q.46 Let 𝑨 = [𝒂 𝒖𝟏 𝒖𝟐 𝒖𝟑 ], 𝑩 = [𝒃 𝒖𝟏 𝒖𝟐 𝒖𝟑 ] and 𝑪 = [𝒖𝟐 𝒖𝟑 𝒖𝟏 𝒂 + 𝒃] be

three 𝟒 × 𝟒 real matrices, where 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒖𝟏 , 𝒖𝟐 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒖𝟑 are 𝟒 × 𝟏 real column
vectors. Let 𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑨), 𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑩) and 𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑪) denote the determinants of the
matrices 𝑨, 𝑩 and 𝑪, respectively. If 𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑨) = 𝟔 and 𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑩) = 𝟐, then
𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑨 + 𝑩) − 𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑪) equals __________
Q.47 Let 𝑿 be a random variable having the moment generating function

𝒆𝒕 − 𝟏
𝑴(𝒕) = , 𝒕 < 𝟏.
𝒕(𝟏 − 𝒕)
Then 𝑷(𝑿 > 𝟏) equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).

random variables each having uniform distribution on [𝟎, 𝟑]. Let 𝒀 be a
random variable, independent of {𝑿𝒏 }𝒏≥𝟏 , having probability mass function
𝟏
, 𝒌 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … ,
𝑷(𝒀 = 𝒌) = {(𝒆 − 𝟏)𝒌!
Then 𝑷(𝐦𝐚𝐱{𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒀 } ≤ 𝟏) equals __________ (round off to 𝟐
decimal places).

Statistics (ST)

random variables each having probability density function
𝒆−𝒙 , 𝒙 > 𝟎,
𝒇(𝒙) = {
Let 𝑿(𝒏) = 𝐦𝐚𝐱{𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝒏 } for 𝒏 ≥ 𝟏. If 𝒁 is the random variable to
which {𝑿(𝒏) − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 𝒏}𝒏≥𝟏 converges in distribution, as 𝒏 → ∞, then the
median of
𝒁 equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).
Q.50 Consider an amusement park where visitors are arriving according to a

Poisson process with rate 𝟏. Upon arrival, a visitor spends a random amount
of time in the park and then departs. The time spent by the visitors are
independent of one another, as well as of the arrival process, and have
common probability density function
𝒆−𝒙 , 𝒙 > 𝟎,
𝒇(𝒙) = {
If at a given time point, there are 𝟏𝟎 visitors in the park and 𝒑 is the
probability that there will be exactly two more arrivals before the next
departure, then
𝟏
equals __________
𝒑
Q.51 Let {𝟎. 𝟗𝟎, 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎, 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏, 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓} be a realization of a random sample of size 4
from the probability density function
𝜽 (𝟐𝜽−𝟏)⁄(𝟏−𝜽)
𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝟏 − 𝜽 𝒙 , 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟏,
where 𝟎. 𝟓 ≤ 𝜽 < 𝟏. Then the maximum likelihood estimate of 𝜽 based on
the observed sample equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal places).
Q.52 Let a random sample of size 𝟏𝟎𝟎 from a normal population with unknown
mean 𝝁 and variance 𝟗 give the sample mean 𝟓. 𝟔𝟎𝟖. Let 𝚽(⋅) denote
the distribution function of the standard normal random variable.
If 𝚽(𝟏. 𝟗𝟔) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟓, 𝚽(𝟏. 𝟔𝟒) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 and the uniformly most powerful
unbiased test based on sample mean is used to test 𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟐 against
𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝟓. 𝟎𝟐, then the 𝒑-value equals __________ (round off to 𝟑 decimal
places).

Statistics (ST)
Q.53 Let 𝑿 be a discrete random variable with probability mass function 𝒑 ∈

{𝒑𝟎 , 𝒑𝟏 }, where
𝒙 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗 𝟏𝟎
𝒑𝟏 (𝒙) 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓
𝒑𝟎 (𝒙) 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
To test 𝑯𝟎 : 𝒑 = 𝒑𝟎 against 𝑯𝟏 : 𝒑 = 𝒑𝟏 , the power of the most powerful test

of size 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓, based on 𝑿, equals __________ (round off to 𝟐 decimal
places).
Q.54 Let 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … , 𝑿𝟏𝟎 be a random sample from a probability density function

𝒇𝜽 (𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝜽), −∞ < 𝒙 < ∞,
where −∞ < 𝜽 < ∞ and 𝒇(−𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) for −∞ < 𝒙 < ∞. For testing
𝑯𝟎 : 𝜽 = 𝟏. 𝟐 against 𝑯𝟏 : 𝜽 ≠ 𝟏. 𝟐, let 𝑻+ denote the Wilcoxson Signed-
rank test statistic. If 𝜼 denotes the probability of the event {𝑻+ < 𝟓𝟎} under
𝑯𝟎 , then 𝟑𝟐 𝜼 equals __________ (round off to 2 decimal places).
Q.55 Consider the multiple linear regression model

𝒀𝒊 = 𝜷𝟎 + 𝜷𝟏 𝒙𝟏,𝒊 + 𝜷𝟐 𝒙𝟐,𝒊 + ⋯ + 𝜷𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝟐𝟐,𝒊 + 𝝐𝒊 , 𝒊 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … , 𝟏𝟐𝟑,
where, for 𝒋 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, … , 𝟐𝟐, 𝜷𝒋 ’s are unknown parameters and 𝝐𝒊 ’s are
independent and identically distributed 𝑵(𝟎, 𝝈𝟐 ), 𝝈 > 𝟎, random
variables.
If the sum of squares due to regression is 𝟑𝟑𝟖. 𝟗𝟐, the total sum of squares
is 𝟓𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟎 and 𝑹𝟐𝒂𝒅𝒋 denotes the value of adjusted 𝑹𝟐 , then 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝒂𝒅𝒋

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GATE 2019 General Aptitude (GA) Set-8

Q. 1 – Q. 5 carry one mark each.

(A) whom (B) to which (C) to whom (D) that

Q.2 Some students were not involved in the strike.

1. Some who were involved in the strike were students.

(A) 1 and 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2 and 3

(A) 17.1 (B) 21.0 (C) 33.1 (D) 72.8

Which is the second number from the right?

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 10

(A) defeated (B) defeating (C) defeat (D) defeatist

Q. 6 – Q. 10 carry two marks each.

(A) 10.50 (B) 14.70 (C) 15.00 (D) 50.00

Which one of the following pairings is NOT correct?

(A) dhrupad, baani

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 11.30

(A) the prestige of the kingdom

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each.

𝑌𝑖 0.5 2.5 0.5

the best linear unbiased estimate of 𝛼 + 𝛽 is equal to

The treatment contrast that is confounded with the blocks is

Then the value of 𝑐 is equal to…..

and initial distribution 𝑃(𝑋0 = 1) = 0.5, 𝑃(𝑋0 = 2) = 0.2, 𝑃(𝑋0 = 3) = 0.3 .

the variance of the least squares estimator of 𝛽 is equal to …

Q. 26 – Q. 55 carry two marks each.

Then the maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜃

Then the regression of 𝑌 on 𝑋 is given by

Q.39 Consider the objects {1,2,3,4} with the distance matrix

Q.42 Let 𝐴 be a 𝑛 × 𝑛 positive semi-definite matrix with eigenvalues 𝜆1 ≥ ⋯ ≥ 𝜆𝑛 , and with 𝛼

Q.46 Let 𝑌𝑖 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝑥𝑖 + 𝜖𝑖 , where 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 𝑥𝑖 ′s are fixed covariates and 𝜖𝑖 ′s are

Q.51 Let 𝑌𝑖 = 𝛽0 + 𝛽1 𝑥𝑖 + 𝜖𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑛, where 𝑥𝑖 ′s are fixed covariates, and 𝜖𝑖 ′s are

Q.52 Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 + 4) cos 𝑥. Then lim 𝑓(ℎ)+𝑓(−ℎ)−8

Q.53 The maximum value of (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 subject to the constraint 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 45

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

General Aptitude (GA)

ST - Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 1 of 27

Q.4 Nostalgia is to anticipation as _______ is to ________

(A) Present, past

(B) Future, past

(C) Past, future

(D) Future, present

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Q.5 Consider the following sentences:

(A) (i) and (ii)

(B) (i) and (iii)

(C) (ii) and (iii)

(D) (i) and (iv)

ST - Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 3 of 27

Q.6 Given below are two statements and two conclusions.

(A) Only conclusion I is correct.

(B) Only conclusion II is correct.

(C) Either conclusion I or II is correct.

(D) Both conclusion I and II are correct.

ST - Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 4 of 27

(A) (ii) and (iii)

(B) (ii) and (iv)

(C) (i), (iii) and (iv)

(D) (i) and (iii)

ST - Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 5 of 27

ST - Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 6 of 27

Corners are cut from an equilateral triangle to produce a regular convex

ST - Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 7 of 27

Q.1 Let 𝑿 be a non-constant positive random variable such that 𝑬(𝑿) = 𝟗.

Q.4 Nostalgia is to anticipation as _ is to __