Conclusion

It is inevitable that all countries that undergo demographic

transition from high mortality and fertility to low mortality and fertility
will witness an increase in the share of the working - age population in
total population. This gives a window of opportunity to step up economic
development by utilizing the larger size of working people and smaller
size of dependents. However, this demographic window is at best an
opportunity and does not automatically guarantee full use of this
opportunity. The presence of complementary factors, institutions and
policies influences a country’s ability to realise and exploit the
demographic dividend. India can also realise the full potential of
demographic dividend only if favorable conditions are present. To take
full advantage of demographic dividend adequate and appropriate policies
and schemes have to be taken by the central as well as state governments.
Governments have to act in various directions.

The biggest problem before Indian economy is unemployment and

demographic dividend cannot be harnessed fully unless productive
employment is provided to the increasing worker supply. Removing
unemployment is the first and foremost need. Various measures can be
taken. The government should promote labour intensive manufacturing
such as food processing, leather and footwear, wood manufacturers and
furniture, textiles and apparel and garments. The employment rate is not
at par with economic growth rate. Hence job creation should be made the
basis of incentives and concessions to industrial units. Entrepreneurs
generate employment to many, therefore, the government should
encourage entrepreneurship among the youth. MSMEs have the potential
to increase employment rate. Its promotion must be the prime focus.

Conclusion :
 Demographic dividend is often accompanied by an educational
transition. Improvement in the level of education in the country must be
targeted. Improvement in the quality across all levels of education is a
must. The particular priority for each of primary, secondary and higher
education is different. At the primary and secondary level shortage of
teachers should be removed and there should be complete revamp of our
teacher training institutes to improve the quality of teachers. Education by
rote should be done away with and learning through practical methods be
implemented. The school curriculum should include projects,
experiments and excursions. In higher education, apart from creating 20
world class universities, these institutions should emerge as publicly
funded research centers. Expenditure on national R&D should be
increased 10 times from the current 0.04% of GDP to 0.4% of GDP to
match the world average. To keep pace with the increasing population
more number of schools, colleges and institutions of learning must be
opened and their quality should be established and tested . Quality of
education should be raised so as to increase the employability of the
educated youth. There should be integration between academia, industry
and the government.

An important aspect of demographic dividend is rise in female

work participation. Hence policies that may favor woman to mainstream
of the labor force will create significant strides in achieving demographic
dividend. The main focus should be on skilling, promoting innovative
and leadership qualities among women, reducing wages and gender gap,
providing safe and secure environment, maternal benefits and providing
them social security. It is empirically evident that female work
participation in hospitality, construction and services has been rising. The
government should introduce skill building programs for unskilled and

Conclusion :
low skilled females so that these females can sustain the quality demand
of hospitality, constructions and service sectors. We know that social
constraints upon female in urban areas are a bit less than in rural areas.
Hence focusing on development targeting small town and suburban areas
with adequate security measures for women may also boost female work
participation rate. The government should frame such a developmental
model that fully integrates the vital role played by women in propelling
the economic growth of the country.

Almost half of the current labor force is illiterate or has attended

only primary or upper primary education. Even though such workers may
have acquired skills through informal means, they should get certification
of their informally acquired skills through Recognition of Prior Learning
(RPL) at the earliest. This would improve their employment prospects
outside the informal channel. There is an urgent need to develop
appropriate vocational education and training facilities to ensure equitable
access for all and at the same time maintain their quality and relevance in
the dynamic labor market. It is also required to create more courses at
ITIs with lower level of educational requirements for opening training
opportunities for youth who have not completed the secondary education.
Along with hard skills, soft skills, digital literacy bases numeracy and
financial literacy etc should be made an integral part of each course
curriculum.

The technologies, manufacturing practices and service delivery

systems are changing fast. Hence, in order to keep pace with them, sound
institutional mechanism need to be created to visualize future changes
and needs and repair people with those skills. There is need to initiate and
scale up courses in the disciplinaries such as automations, artificial

Conclusion :
intelligence, robotics , nanotechnology which can cater to the future
needs of industry.

There is a strong need to lay down national standards and

framework in vocational education and training really like national
competency standard national training standard, national aggregations,
standards, national aggradation standards , national assessment
standards , national certification standards etc and allowing them to the
respective international standards. This will enhance the chance of
improbability of the labor force in both domestic as well as international
level markets. Almost all skill development programs are implemented by
respective department's at the state level and enter Ali A through their
model agencies at the district level. Hence unless convergence is
concurrently King place at the state level it's full benefit may not reach
the target groups. There is an urgent need to strained and the state skill
development missions SSD EMS as nodal bodies for convergence of all
skilling initiatives in the state and union territories, by fostering
collaboration of SSDM's with the NSDC an SSE's. It is also necessary to
build planning, implementation and monitoring capacity of quality
market relevant training at national States and district levels. Vocational
quotes are terminal in natural lacking vertical mobility from certificate to
diploma to degree courses in work vocational education. There are
Limited sources of relevant frequently updated an appropriately
disaggregated data to signal industry demand to the young people and
suppliers of trained personals. Hence, problem of information asymmetry
needs effective solutions.

Kidnapping communicate off at most important's to expand

the mental horizon of the people especially of those engaged in the

Conclusion :
workforce. Soft skills should be developed right at the next stage
development of children cluster of personality traits social grace
communication skills and language, personal habits unless an optimism
that characterize relationship with others prove beneficial in the long run.
Colleges should take initiative to ensure that their students are
employment ready. Universities and colleges must be encouraged to
provide training and skill development to their graduates.

Another important aspect to realize the demographic

dividend is the key improvement in health sector. Ben Canning 2000 has
empirically proved that health improvements provide a significant boost
to economic growth in developing countries. Yet the country faces
counting persistent and don't public health challenges, particularly for this
world. To improve the public allocations on health is imperative. National
and state budget should increase by at least 25%. The bulk of this
increased spending should be on National Health mission and well-being.
Again, wide center should introduce X in the meals to meet the proteins
needs of children's. Primary Health care centers should be made strong to
provide human care closer home focusing on prevention an early
detection of this is this. Every efforts should be made to expand facilities
an infrastructure so that quality and affordable health care is available to
every citizen of the country.

Indian social system is plagued with social inequalities,

group bias and social group discrimination. Eradication of caste
discrimination, gender inequalities and religious differences is necessary
to enable all strata of society to participate in the development process
and to make development truly in cursive. Socialcam campaign should be

Conclusion :
generate everness among the people regarding the ill effects of social
discrimination on development.

BBIMARU states Bihar, Monday Pradesh an Uttar Pradesh

are projected to experience rapid growth in working is ratios. These states
are and will be the help of labor force in the country. If India wants to
fully realized demographic dividend the key lies in this very states. Hence
adequate attention should be directed in expanding infrastructural
facilities in these states. These states could become major contributor to
this social economic development of the country if right policies an
commensurate attention and resources are allotted to realize the full
potential of their large young population.

Demographic trains differ from state to state while South

southwestern region requires workers for keeping institution running and
maintaining economic productivity, did North Central region have Sir
plus young working population. Encouragement to Interstate migration
can solve little problem of shortage up workers in the southern part and
relatively access supply of workers in northern states such as Bihar and
Uttar Pradesh. Interstate migration has already started with flows of
young people from North Central states southwestern states. There is
need to gain deeper understanding up migration flows. Collaborative
planning should be done for the estimation and projection of my grant
workers by origin and destination of states. Is an urgent needs too
develop a governance system both at the national as well as at the state
level for manageing internal migration.

Agriculture still provides employment to over 60% of the

population and over 70% of the ruler house hold depend on agriculture.
But Indian agriculture is suffering from low crop productivity lack of

Conclusion :
markets low water productivity until I just rainfed and water land India
needs development on all these trends for attaining its demographic
dividend in real sense. There is need to have proper strategy on agro
industrial linkage increasing crop productivity increased access to agro
industries, providing agricultural edit having access to the advanced
technology lapping the western land development of bio mass power an
biofields. Development of agriculture an agro industries can create
beautiful opportunities for employment and sustainable development of
the country.

Successful implementation of good governance naturally it's

a demographic dividend. In India justice delivery takes a long
governmental procedure. Moreover, Fairness in application of rule of law
is not essential and people are denied justice . Ferness in affective
application should be the top priority of governance. Effective, timely and
impartiality in justice instill confidence Hindi citizens. Administrative
decentralization, transparency in each Department and anti corruption
strategies are some of the matters in which the government has to look
deliberately to achieve demographic dividend.

Window of demographic dividend opens only once for any

country and this window may not be available for long time.

In case of India this. Has arrived stop the demographic dividend

along with the right policy environment can help create a virtuous cycle
of sustained growth. The government therefore must act promptly to
implement the right policies mix required to accelerate the demographic
transition and make it beneficial effects more pronounced. It is imperative
that the government and policymakers deals with the present situation off
the country on multiple fronts. Failure to do so would not just mean a

Conclusion :
missed opportunity in terms of harnessing the demographic dividend. But
ensuring rise in unemployment and poverty code undermine the advanced
made on economic friend and format social unrest. Not implementing the
right set of policies can turn the potential demographic dividend into our
demographic nightmares.

Conclusion :