Write these numbers using a radical sign. 1 1 ae b> SOLUTION EXPLANATION ad = Vas0 6 = ¥6 (or V6) the square root of 6. 2 is called the 5th root of 2. Evaluate the following. a 144? b a7 SOLUTION EXPLANATION‘Use index laws to simplify these expressions adxd SOLUTION b eo Foe [Mane EXPLANATION ‘When multiplying indices with the same base, add the powers. ‘When dividing indices with the same base, subtract the powers.‘Simplily each of the following. a 25+ 6v5 b v3-sv3 3v7— V6 427 SOLUTION EXPLANATION a 25+ 6v5=s8v5 This is like simplifying 2x + Ox = 8, 2V5 and 6V5 contain like surds. ne eyes ‘This is similar to x — Sx = —4vin algebra, Pa en ee een This is similar to 3x ~ y + 2x = Sx — y, where 3V7 and 2V7 contain like suds. ‘Simplify each ofthe following. a vV3x Vi0 b v24= V8 SOLUTION EXPLANATION a Vax Vi0 = V3x10 Use Va x Vi = Vab. = V3 » van ve= J vse Va Vo= V8. -3A sample of mixed nuts contains 5 cashews, 12 peanuts and 2 macadamia nuts. Write down: the ratio of cashews to peanuts to macadamias b the ratio of cashews to the total number of nuts the ratio of peanuts to other nuts SOLUTION EXPLANATION a 5:12:2 cashews: peanuts: macadamias 5 cashews, total nuts 19 © 12:7 12 peanuts, other nuts 7 Complete each pair of equivalent ratios. a 4:9=16:0) b 30:15 = 01:5 SOLUTION EXPLANATION a 4:9) xf Both numbers are multiplied by 4. 1 Both numbers are divided by 3.‘Simplify the following ratios. a 7:21 b 450:200 SOLUTION EXPLANATION a 7:2, HCF of 7 and 21 is 7. ( ye Divide both quantities by 7. 1:3 o 450:200\ HCF of 450 and 200 is 50. sol 50, Divide both quantities by 50. o8 ‘Simplify the following ratios. 31 Gea add bo atat SOLUTION EXPLANATION a 34 LCD of 5 and 2is 10. anf eo Multiply both quantities by 10. 6: Convert mixed numerals to improper fractions. LCD of 3 and 4 is 12. Multiply both quantities by 12.First change the quantities to the same unit, and then express each pair of quantities as a ratio in simplest form. a 4mmto2cm b 25 minutes to 2 hours SOLUTION EXPLANATION 2em = 20mm ‘Once in same unit, write as a ratio. a 4mmto2em= Simplify ratio by dividing by HCF of 4. b 25 minutes to 2 hours 2 hours = 120 minutes = 25 minutes to 120 minutes ‘Once in same unit, write as a ratio. =25:120 Simplify ratio by dividing by HCF of 5. Divide 54 m in the ratio 4:5. SOLUTION EXPLANATION Unitary method ‘Total number of parts = 9 Total number of parts = 4 +5 =9 Value of 1 part = 54m =9 = 6m. Check numbers add to total: 24 +30=54 umber in ratio Fraction = Sumber in ratio _ ‘otal number of parts Check numbers add to total: 24 +30=54 54m divided in the ratio 4:5 is 24 m and 30 m.Emin Divide $300 in the ratio 2:1:3. SOLUTION Unitary method ‘Total number of parts = 6 6 parts = $300 +6¢' D6 1 part = $50 2G parts = $1002 {$300 divided in the ratio $100, $50 and $150. 1 part = $50 5 parts = $150 ‘$300 divided in the ratio 2:1: $100, $50 and S150. EXPLANATION Total number of parts = 2 +1+3=6 Value of I part = $300 + 6 = $50 xs (Check numbers add to total: $100 + $50 + $150 = $300 umber in ratio Fraction = —tutmbet in ratio _ on = Sotal number of parts (Check numbers add to total: $100 + $50 + $150 = $300 ‘The ratio of boys to girls at Birdsville College is students attend Birdsville College? SOLUTION 615 students attend Birdsville College. Equivalent ratios method 615 students attend Birdsville College. If there are 246 boys at the school, how many EXPLANATION Ratio of boys: girls is Boys have “2 parts’ = 246 Value of | part = 246 + 2= 123 ‘Total parts = 2 + 3 = 5 parts Check: 5 parts = 5 x 123 = 615 Use equivalent ratios. ‘Multiply each quantity by 123. ‘Total number of students = 246 boys + 369 girls = 61519, In a basketball free-throw shooting contest, the points made by Sam and Wilbur were in the ratio 7:9, Wilbur made 6 more points than Sam. Find the number of points made by each. The ratio means that S/W = 7/9 But you also have W=S +6 S(S+6) = 7/9 9S = 7(S+6) 9S =7S +42 28 = 42 $=21 W=27 Note that 21/27 = 3*7/3*9 = 7/9 ‘36. Slim Johnson was usually the best free-throw shooter on his basketball team. Early owever, he had made only 9 of 20 shots By the end of the season, he had the additional shots he had taken, thereby ending with a season record of 3:4. How many additional shots had he taken?The governing equation is S+K = 9.75. 20+ 9 + x = 0.75*(20ex) 9+ x2 15 + 0.75% x + @.75x = 15-9 0.25% = 6