1. Define Crime Scene Investigation.

Criminal Investigation came from the Latin term Investigat, which means “to inquire
or to discover” during the 5th century. Criminal Investigation is a logical process of
collection and analysis of facts about persons, things and places relative to a crime. It
includes: a. Identification of the guilty party b. The location of the whereabouts of
the guilty party, and c. Providing admissible evidence to establish the guilt of the
parties involved in the crime.  Criminal investigation is an undertaking that seeks,
collects, and gathers evidence of a crime for a case or specific purpose.
 
2. Define Crime Scene. 
A crime scene is any physical scene, anywhere, that may provide potential evidence
to an investigator. The place where an offense has been committed and forensic
evidence may be gathered. 

3. Trichotomy of Criminal Investigation. 

Training Being a critical factor in developing good and competent investigator, is the
key to freedom from bandage of ignorance.  
Tools To establish facts and develop evidence, a criminal investigator must use these
tools-information, interview, interrogation, and instrumentation.  
Technique Essence of tactical strategy in investigation. 

4. Modes of Criminal Investigation 

Evidence identification and preservation. Engaging forensic tools for evidence
analysis. Witness assessment and interviewing. Suspect questioning and
interrogation. 

 Empirical Investigation. 
 Value Investigation. 
 Technical Investigation. 

5. What are the forms of Proactive Investigations? 

  PREOPERATIONAL PHASE:

Identification of the case. Steps involved:

o Identifying threats in the community,

o Choosing targets to investigate,
o Beginning case planning,
o Choosing community partners to work with,
o Establishing specific goals for the investigation,
o Talking about how to recover victims and keep them safe, and
o Following any available money trails.

 OPERATIONAL PHASE:
  Further involvement of those working on the case.
 Steps involved:
o Getting evidence (may use undercover agents or informants),
o Getting audio and video recordings of those involved,
o Trying to discern the relationship between victims and traffickers,
o Planning a multi-stage takedown, and
o Coordinating with victim service providers to assess victims’ needs.

POST-OPERATIONAL PHASE:

 What occurs after the case has become public.

 Steps involved:
o Conducting victim-centered interviews,
o Providing access to immigration relief services,
o Conducting an international investigation if necessary,
o Continuing to build a post-arrest case,
o Debriefing informants and victims, and
o Occurrence of depositions, trial, and sentencing.

6. The Anatomy of Crime 

 Anatomy of Crime. Anatomy of crime attempts to address the theories which
attempt to explain crime commission, how societies in the older times dealt with
crime, the modern ways of dealing with criminals and lastly the book gives detailed
and pragmatic approach to crime prevention.
For any crime to happen, there are three elements or ingredients that must be
present at the same time and place. These are the Motive, the
Instrumentality(intent) and the Opportunity.

7. Distinction between informant and informer. 

 Informer is a person who gives information in secret, especially to the police, or
other secret agency.
Informant is a person who gives general information to another person or
organization (including Intelligence agencies).

8. The Phases of Intelligence Cycle 

The Intelligence Cycle is the process of developing raw information into finished
intelligence for policymakers to use in decision making and action. There are five
steps which constitute the Intelligence Cycle.