CDI 201

CHAPTER III

GROUP 2
 OBJECTIVES
Lesson Objectives: After the lesson and interactive
discussions, the students will be able to:
1. Understand by heart the principles and techniques in
crime investigation, detection and apprehension of the
perpetrator;
2. Distinguish investigation of incidents from personnel
investigation;
3. Understand the importance of Criminal Intelligence;
and
4. Draw a methodological procedures of criminal
investigation
WHEN IS THE CELEBRATION OF THE
ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION?

☺The annual crime prevention is celebrated every

1st week of September.
 WHAT IS CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION AND
DETECTION
•both an art and a science
•a collaboration of common sense, judgment, intellect,
experience and an innate intuitiveness along with a
grasp of relative technical knowledge.
 Criminal
Investigation
is an art which deals is a systematic,
with the identity and methodical, and
location of the offender detailed inquiry and
and provides evidence of examination of all
his guilt in a criminal components
proceeding. circumstances, and
relationships pertaining
to an incident.
 WHAT IS THE OBJECTIVE OF A
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

The objective of a criminal investigation is to

establish the truth or falsity of a complaint,
basing conclusions on facts derived through a
complete and impartial investigation. In every
crime, the establishment of corpus delicti is
essential in order to prove the guilt of the
accused beyond reasonable doubt.
Thus, an investigation can be successful only if
it is conducted in a methodical and thorough
manner. An investigator must have at least,
basic knowledge of criminal law, law on
evidence, investigative principles, case
preparation methods, proper preservation of
the crime scene, and the procedures of the
criminal justice.
Criminal investigation is concerned with the general
principles and techniques in crime investigation,
detection and apprehension of criminal, the methods
obtaining in crime investigation, interviews and
interrogation and instrumentation, identification and
reproduction of evidence, searching, sketching and
photographing crime scenes, application of the basic
principles of criminalities, modus operandi techniques
of surveillance, locating and apprehending of
criminals.
Specifically it views the subject as a
two pronged effort to identify, locate
and arrest the criminal offender and
simultaneously identify, locate, collect
and evaluate the evidence to convict
the offender in court.
Fundamentals of criminal investigation explores the
fundamentals of criminal investigation as practiced by
actual police officers on the job. Theory and practice
blends scientific theories of crime detection with a
practical approach to criminal investigation. The role of
criminal investigator emphasizes the role of criminal
investigation as a law enforcement responsibility that
must be conducted within the framework of the
constitution and the existing legal procedures.
Basic is the rule that in order to effectively
conduct or perform criminal investigative
functions, one must understand the basic
definition of; investigation and investigate. An
investigation is an examination, a study, a
survey and a research of facts and/or
circumstances, situations, incidents and
scenarios, either related or not, for the purpose
of rendering a conclusion of proof.
When one investigates, he/she makes a
systematic inquiry, closely analyzes and
inspects while dissecting and scrutinizing
information. An investigation, therefore, is
based upon a complete and whole evaluation
and not conjecture, speculation or supposition.
Law Enforcement, the entity charged with the responsibility to
accurately close the gap between fact and fiction, detects and
prevents criminal acts; and in doing so are mandated to function
within strict administrative and legal parameters. It is true that one
must understand the basic definitions, however, the scope of the
criminal investigator reaches far beyond that of mere definitions.
Since crime detection and investigation is both an art and a science;
a collaboration of common sense, judgment,
STEP 3 intellect, experience and
an innate intuitiveness along with a grasp of relative technical
knowledge, the criminal investigator must continually apply those
skills, acquired through study and experience, to the examination
and observation of the criminal and his behavior, as well as his social
and physical environment.
When the most basic functions of Law
Enforcement such as: the preservation
of life, the protection of property and
the maintenance of peace, are not
substantially realized, the investigative
process must then be undertaken.
The aim of the investigative process is two
fold; first, the investigator will attempt to
identify and safely apprehend the violator
and secondly, produce him/ her before a
proper court of law. Of course there is much
going on behind the scenes, so to speak, while
attempting to achieve these not so simple
objectives; identification, apprehension and
prosecution.
Criminal investigations are conducted primarily for
the prevention of crimes. When crimes occur, Law
Enforcement is responsible to the community it serves
and must discharge its duty by immediately
investigating such incidents. Ideally the investigation
will cause the violator to appear before a court so as to
answer for his/ her behavior. Ultimately and probably
most important, is that the investigation, detection and
apprehension of the criminal, effectually serves to
curtail recidivism thereby reducing overall crime.
There are several basic types of
investigations that Law
Enforcement personnel may
undertake in the routine
discharge of their duties, among
of which are but not limited to:
• INVESTIGATIONS OF INCIDENTS which are
violations of laws and/or ordinances that include;
criminal acts (robbery, assaults, larceny, burglary,
murder, illegal weapons, etc...) and traffic accident
investigations (serious injuries, likely to die, property
damage).
• PERSONNEL INVESTIGATIONS into the
background, character and suitability of persons in
an effort to determine their eligibility for positions of
public trust.
What is Criminal
Intelligence?
Criminal Intelligence is information compiled,
analyzed, and/or disseminated in an effort to
anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal
activity.

The United States Army Military Police Corps defines

criminal intelligence in more detail
Criminal intelligence is information gathered or
collated, analyzed, recorded/reported and
disseminated by law enforcement agencies
concerning types of crime, identified criminals
and known or suspected criminal groups.It is
particularly useful when dealing with organized
crime. Criminal intelligence is developed by using
surveillance, informants, interrogation, and
research, or may be just picked up on the "street"
by individual police officers.
Some larger law enforcement agencies have a
department, division or section specifically
designed to gather disparate pieces of
information and develop criminal intelligence.
One of the most effective ways of applying
criminal intelligence is first to record it (store in
a computer system) which can be "mined"
(searched) for specific information.
What is Criminal
Investigator?
Criminal investigator is the person who is
charged with the duty of carrying the
objectives of investigation such as:
• To identify the criminal
• To locate the offender; and
• To provide evidence for the offender's
guilt.
Qualities of an effective investigator
To be an effective investigator, he/she must possess the following
qualities:
a. Perseverance with endurance
b. Intelligence and wisdom of Solomon
c. Honesty, Integrity/ incorruptible
d. Understanding of the people and environment.
e. Keep power of observation and accurate description.
f. Knowledgeable about the laws on crimes, evidence, arrest,
investigative concept/techniques, scientific aids, laboratory
services, and about the criminals and their modus operandi.
g. Keen power of observation and description.
h. Mastery in the oral and written communication.
i. The power to read between the lines.
Phases of Criminal Investigation
The following are the phases of Criminal
Investgation:
1. Identification of the offender
2. Tracing and locating the offender
3. Gathering of evidence to prove the guilt
of the accused.
The basic elements of investigation process are:
a. Recognition- is the identification/recognition
b. Collection is the act of gathering relevant information
from possible sources aside from the crime scene.
c. Preservation- is an act of ensuring the physical and
legal integrity or the credibility of the information or
pieces of evidences gathered.
d. Evaluation- is the determination of the merit or the
worth of the information or evidences to prosecute the
suspect.
Three (3) tools of
Investigation:
1. Information
2. Interrogation or
interview
3. Instrumentation
What is Information?
Information is the knowledge which the investigator
gathered and acquired from other persons.

Classifications of information:
1. information from regular sources such as records and
files of the police, company records, civic spirited
citizens; and
2. information from cultivated sources such as paid
informants, bartenders, cab drivers.
MEMBERS:
DINGAL, SHERMYN
BAYONA, MELUGEN
JUNGCO, CAYRINE
MANDALONES, JORALYN
PARBA, CRISLYN
TIMBANGAN, ANGELENE
THANK YOU !!