When it comes to minimum ventilation

 the challenge is not figuring if we need to bring in more or less fresh air…
Negative Pressure Ventilation  But rather figuring out how to do it to without causing:
 Excessive fuel usage
Michael Czarick  Drafts
The University of Georgia
 Harmful drops house temperature

There are basically three methods of bringing fresh air into a

poultry house during cold weather… Curtain/Natural ventilation
 Curtain/Natural ventilation  Though it can be an effective form of ventilation during moderate weather with
older birds…
 Negative pressure ventilation
 Positive pressure
 Very limited use

 It is not very effective in bringing in small volumes of air during cold weather.

First, it is difficult to control the amount of fresh air As a results natural/curtain ventilation tends to flood a
entering a house house with cold fresh air

1
Secondly, it is difficult to evenly distribute the fresh air Birds on the upwind side of the house get more fresh air than
throughout the house those on the downwind side
95.0°F

90

80

67.7 76.6 70

60

55.0°F

Last but not least, you can’t control where the incoming air
Upwind vs. downwind moves once it enters a house…
 Due to the simple fact
that cold air is heavier
90.0°F
90
90.0°F
90
90.0°F
90
than warm air and tends
80 80 80
to quickly fall to the floor
70 70 70

64.4
61.3 60 59.3 56.8 60 60
43.2

50 50 49.4 50

40.0°F 40.0°F 40.0°F

Cold air falling to the floor Cold air falling to the floor

100.0°F 100.0°F
100 100

90 90

80 80

70 70

60 60

50.0°F 50.0°F

2
Obviously we need more control over air exchange and
distribution It is important to realize that…
 We need a negative pressure ventilation system:  Just because a house has exhaust fans and air inlets does not necessarily mean
 Where exhaust fans provide control over the amount of air brought in to a that a producer has adequate control over air exchange and air distribution.
house
 and air inlets provide control over air distribution and mixing.

Example:
(two story – totally enclosed broiler house)

 Continuous inlet open 2 inches along one side of the house

 Two 18” variable speed fans operating constantly at a low speed…
 no negative pressure…

In order to gain control over air exchange,

distribution and mixing…
 we must generate a negative pressure/partial vacuum

3
 Example: Two exhaust fans operating in a house with the
Why is having a negative pressure so important? side wall curtains wide open
 First, without a negative pressure exhaust fans (the producer) have essentially
no control over air exchange.

 The fans “zone” ventilate

 Exterior winds are really controlling air exchange

As we close the curtains we increase the control the fans have on air When we close the curtains enough that the fans
exchange and lessen the effect of the wind on air exchange have to pull air from the entire house…

a negative pressure is established

In this situation what is controlling air

Once a negative pressure is established… quality/exchange…the fans or the wind?

0.05” 0.05” 0.05” 0.05” 0.05”

 It is the SAME throughout the house…

 Since the pressure is the same ….the fans will pull air in evenly through all
openings throughout the house….
 Producer control is increased
 The effect wind has on air exchange is decreased.

2” opening, 500’ long, 5 mph wind = roughly 26,000 cfm

4
In this situation what is controlling air
quality/exchange…the fans or the wind? How do we know if we have a negative pressure?

Curtains are drawn up against

the side of the house.

Doors slam shut

How do we know how much of a negative pressure we

have? We could use a glass of water…
 We need to measure it  and a clear plastic hose

When an exhaust fan is turned on…

a negative pressure is created… How do we know exactly how much of a negative pressure
and water is pulled up the hose we have?
 We use a negative pressure gauge

25 Pa 0.10”

5
What determines the amount of negative pressure we have? Opening vs. Static pressure for a 10,000 cfm fan
 The level of negative pressure is determined by the amount of opening 0.2
available to a fan. 0.18
 Less opening…More pressure 0.16
0.14

Static pressure
 More opening…Less pressure
0.12
 We have charts that illustrate this relationship…
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60
Opening (ft2)

What about air speed and negative pressure? Pressure difference vs. Air velocity
2,000
1,800
1,600
Air Velocity (ft/min)

1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
Static pressure (“)

and since the level of negative pressure determines how

As a result when the exhaust fans turn on.. fast the air enters the house…
 And a negative pressure is established… 2,000
 It is the same throughout the house…regardless of where the fans are located 1,800
1,600
Air Velocity (ft/min)

1,400
1,200
1,000
800
0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08”
600
400
200
0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08”
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2

Static pressure (“)

6
As a result when the exhaust fans turn on.. Last but not least…
 And a negative pressure is established…  Because air flow through an inlet opening is determined by the following
 It is the same throughout the house…regardless of where the fans are located equation…
 And air will enter through all openings at the same speed…regardless where  Cfm = velocity X area = 1,100 ft/min X 1 ft2
the fans are located  If all the openings are the same size (i.e 1 ft2”)
1,100 ft/min 1,100 ft/min 1,100 ft/min 1,100 ft/min 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm

0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08”

0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08” 0.08”
1,100 ft/min 1,100 ft/min 1,100 ft/min 1,100 ft/min 1,100 ft/min 1,100 ft/min 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm 1,100
1,100ft/min
cfm
 The same amount of air will enter through each opening…regardless of fan
location

With control over fresh air distribution and incoming air With control over fresh air distribution and incoming air
speed… speed…
 We can direct the incoming air to obtain proper conditioning of incoming air  We can direct the incoming air to obtain proper conditioning of incoming air
40oF
100%

80oF
60oF 25%
50oF 50%
75%

But, not only do we need a negative pressure Evolution of negative pressure inlets:
 We need the right kind of air inlet opening.  Poultry producers initially used a
 We need an inlet that allows the producer precise control over: small curtain opening with an
 Inlet opening/size as well as… exhaust fan or two
 the direction of the incoming air  Provided some control over the
amount of opening available to the
fans and therefore negative pressure
but..
 Opening size was not consistent
 No control over the direction of the
incoming air.

7
Small curtain openings tend to direct air downward toward
the birds…and not upward towards the ceiling Small curtain opening with exhaust fan

Stable ceiling temperatures when the fans operate..

Small curtain opening But highly variable floor temperatures

80
78
Temperature

76
74
72
70
68
11:25 11:30 11:35 11:40 11:45
ceiling center

Evolution of negative pressure inlets: Evolution of negative pressure inlets:

 Next came the 1” board crack  Then came adjustable door inlets…
 Uniform opening, and the air came straight in but…
 Limited directional control
 Fixed size…so number of exhaust fans were fixed

8
Adjustable door side wall inlets Side wall inlet air flow patterns
 Inlet opening and air direction are able to be controlled

Wide variation in ceiling temperature…

Thermal video of air entering through side wall inlets consistent floor temperatures
82
80
78
Temperature

76
74
72
70
68
11:10 11:15 11:20 11:25
Time
ceiling center

Basic inlet system design: How many air inlets should a house have?

9
 The amount of air that can flow through an inlet is
Number of inlets depends on two factors: determined by the following equation…
 How much air can you pull through each inlet?
 How many fans (cfm) you want to operate through a house’s air inlets?  Cfm per inlet = Area X Velocity

velocity area

But air doesn’t flow evenly through an inlet Correction factor can change with inlet design

 Cfm per inlet = Area X 0.6 X Velocity  Cfm per inlet = Area X (0.7 – 0.8) X Velocity

Most inlets have a square entrance Example:

 Fairly typical air inlet (44 ¾” X 5 ¾” – actual opening)
 Cfm per inlet = Area X (0.6) X Velocity

10
Calculating air flow through an air inlet Calculating air flow through an air inlet
 Cfm per inlet = Area X 0.6 X Velocity  Cfm per inlet = Area X 0.6 X Velocity

 Area = length X width / 144  Velocity = ?

 Area = (44.75” X 5.75” / 144)  What is the maximum velocity I should pull air through an inlet?
 =1.8 ft2

What is the maximum static pressure that should be used

Velocity is determined by pressure… with an air inlet system?
2,000
1,800
1,600
Air Velocity (ft/min)

1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
0

0.1

0.2

Normal static pressure when operating side wall inlets is typically around
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19


0.05” and 0.10”
Static pressure (“)
 We size our inlets based on a normal high operating pressure of 0.10”

Velocity vs. Pressure difference Calculating air flow through an air inlet
1,400
1,300
1,200
1,100
Air Velocity (ft/min)

1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300  Velocity = 1,250 ft/min
200
100  Cfm per inlet = Area X 0.6 X Velocity
0
 = 1.8 ft2 X 0.6 X 1,250 ft/min
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

0.11

0.12

 = 1,350 ft3/min
Static pressure (“)

11
We can make it a little simpler by putting it in terms of cfm
per square foot of inlet area Cfm per square foot of inlet opening

1 ft

1 ft
 Velocity = 1,250 ft/min
 Cfm per square foot = Area X 0.6 X Velocity
 = 1 ft2 X 0.6 X 1,250 ft/min
 = 750 ft3/min

Inlet performance information can also be obtained from Fan/Inlet test chamber…
manufacturer measure inlet capacity at different openings and pressures

Fully opened performance How many air inlets should a house have?
 Depends on two factors:
 How much air can you pull in through each inlet?
 How many fans (cfm) do you want to operate using your air inlets?

12
It doesn’t take many fans or inlets to maintain air quality and a house full of market age broilers can produce a significant
house temperature during cold weather with small chicks but… amount of heat during the cooler times of the year
 Which can take a lot of fan capacity to control house temperature and air
quality

103.0°F

100

95

90

85.0°F

We don’t want to have to go to tunnel ventilation Ideally we want to inlet ventilate until outside temperatures
mode when it is still cool outside are at least in the mid sixties (older birds)…
 We need to make sure we have enough side wall inlet capacity until it is  This typically requires a minimum of 5 cfm of exhaust fan capacity per square
relatively warm outside foot of floor space.

 40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2

 Side wall inlet capacity = 20,000 ft2 X 5 cfm/ft2
 = 100,000 cfm

But, it is important to realize that the required inlet

capacity will vary bird density as well as type of bird grown Side wall inlet capacity Vs. Density
7
6.5
6
5.5
Cfm/ft2 of floor space

5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
 Higher total bird heat production…more fans, more inlet capacity to maintain 1
proper house temperature during cool/moderate weather 0.5
0
 Total house heat production will vary of course bird weight…
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4.5
4.75
5
5.25
5.5
5.75
6
6.25
6.5
6.75
7
7.25
7.5
7.75
8

 More specifically with density…lbs./ft2

Maximum Pounds per Square foot

13
Broilers - small Required side wall inlet capacity – small bird
7
 40’ X 500’ house 6.5
 25,000 birds @ 4.5 lbs. 6
5.5

Cfm/ft2 of floor space

 5.6 lbs per ft2 5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

7.5
3
3.25

3.75
4
4.25

4.75
5
5.25

5.75
6
6.25

6.75
7
7.25

7.75
8
Maximum Pounds per Square foot

Broiler house inlet capacity – small bird Inlet performance information from manufacturer
 Minimum = 4.6 cfm/ft2
 40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
 Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 4.6 cfm/ft2
 = 92,000 cfm

Broiler house inlet capacity – small bird Inlet performance information from manufacturer

 Minimum = 4.6 cfm/ft2

 40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
 Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 4.6 cfm/ft2
 = 92,000 cfm

 # of Inlets = 92,000 cfm/ 2,825 cfm

 = 33 inlets (34)

14
 Broiler house inlet capacity – small bird Broilers – large broilers
 40’ X 500’ house
 20,000 birds @ 8 lbs.
 8 lbs per ft2
 Minimum = 4.6 cfm/ft2  Minimum = 4.6 cfm/ft2
 40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
 Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 4.6 cfm/ft2  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 4.6 cfm/ft2
 = 92,000 cfm  = 92,000 cfm

 # of Inlets = 92,000 cfm/ 2,825 cfm  # of Inlets = 92,000 cfm/ 1,625 cfm
 = 33 inlets (34)  = 56 inlets

Required side wall inlet capacity – Large broilers Broiler house inlet capacity – Large bird
7
6.5
6
5.5
Cfm/ft2 of floor space

5
4.5
4  Minimum = 5.5 cfm/ft2  Minimum = 5.5 cfm/ft2
3.5
3  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
2.5  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 5.5 cfm/ft2  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 5.5 cfm/ft2
2
1.5  = 110,000 cfm  = 110,000 cfm
1
0.5
0  # of Inlets = 110,000 cfm/2,825 cfm  # of Inlets = 110,000 cfm/1,625 cfm
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4.5
4.75
5
5.25
5.5
5.75
6
6.25
6.5
6.75
7
7.25
7.5
7.75
8

 = 40 inlets  = 68 inlets
Maximum Pounds per Square foot

Broiler-Breeders Required side wall inlet capacity – Broiler breeders

7
 40’ X 500’ house 6.5
 12,000 birds @ 10 lbs. 6
5.5
Cfm/ft2 of floor space

 6 lbs. per ft2 5

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4.5
4.75
5
5.25
5.5
5.75
6
6.25
6.5
6.75
7
7.25
7.5
7.75
8

Maximum Pounds per Square foot

15
 Broiler house inlet capacity – small bird Pullets
 40’ X 500’ house
 14,000 birds @ 4.5 lbs
 3.2 lbs per ft2
 Minimum = 4.75 cfm/ft2  Minimum = 4.75 cfm/ft2
 40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
 Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 4.75 cfm/ft2  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 4.75 cfm/ft2
 = 95,000 cfm  = 95,000 cfm

 # of Inlets = 95,000 cfm/2,825 cfm  # of Inlets = 95,000 cfm/1,625 cfm

 = 34 inlets  = 58 inlets

Required side wall inlet capacity - Pullets Broiler house inlet capacity – small bird
7
6.5
6
5.5
Cfm/ft2 of floor space

5
4.5
4  Minimum = 3.75 cfm/ft2  Minimum = 3.75 cfm/ft2
3.5
3  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
2.5  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 3.75 cfm/ft2  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 3.75 cfm/ft2
2
1.5  = 75,000 cfm  = 75,000 cfm
1
0.5
0  # of Inlets = 75,000 cfm/2,825 cfm  # of Inlets = 75,000 cfm/1,625 cfm
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4.5
4.75
5
5.25
5.5
5.75
6
6.25
6.5
6.75
7
7.25
7.5
7.75
8

 = 26 inlets  = 46 inlets
Maximum Pounds per Square foot

Pullets Broiler house inlet capacity – small bird

 40’ X 500’ house
 14,000 birds @ 4.5 lbs
 3.2 lbs per ft2
 Pullet produce 40% less heat  Minimum = 3.75 cfm/ft2  Minimum = 3.75 cfm/ft2
per pound compared to  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
broilers  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 3.75 cfm/ft2  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 3.75 cfm/ft2
 = 75,000 cfm  = 75,000 cfm

 # of Inlets = 75,000 cfm/2,825 cfm  # of Inlets = 75,000 cfm/1,625 cfm

 = 26 inlets  = 46 inlets

So theoretically you can get by with even fewer inlets

16
Turkeys Required side wall inlet capacity - Turkeys
7
 40’ X 500’ house 6.5
 5,700 birds @ 40 lbs. 6
5.5

Cfm/ft2 of floor space

 11 lbs per ft2 5
4.5
 But their heat production is around 4 4
Btu/lb…about 35% than a broiler. 3.5
3
 11 lbs per ft2 X 0.65 = 7.3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

7.5
3
3.25

3.75
4
4.25

4.75
5
5.25

5.75
6
6.25

6.75
7
7.25

7.75
8
Maximum Pounds per Square foot

How should the air inlets be distributed throughout a

Broiler house inlet capacity – small bird house?

 Minimum = 3.75 cfm/ft2  Minimum = 3.75 cfm/ft2

 40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2  40 X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
 Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 5.75 cfm/ft2  Inlet cap. = 20,000 ft2 X 5.75 cfm/ft2
 = 115,000 cfm  = 115,000 cfm

 # of Inlets = 115,000 cfm/2,825 cfm  # of Inlets = 115,000 cfm/1,625 cfm

 = 41 inlets (42)  = 70 inlets

For instance…A house with single fan with four large

Side wall air inlet distribution: inlets…
 Temperature and air quality uniformity is primarily determined by inlet
distribution not exhaust fan location.
 Therefore air quality for an individual bird is determined by how far it is from
a fresh air inlet…not how far it is from an exhaust fan

17
 A better solution would be to replace the four large inlets
Increase the number of side wall fans… with eight smaller inlets…

Better yet…with 16 smaller inlets Maximum distance between air inlets?

 Approximately 20’

Air jets expand at roughly a 22o angle Maximum distance between inlets?
 Approximately 20’
 Ideal = 15’ to 10’

4’ wide side wall inlet

Distance from side wall Air jet width
5’ 6’
10’ 8’
15’ 9.5’
20’ 11’
25’ 14’
30’ 16’

11o 11o

18
Can inlets be too close together? Side wall air inlet distribution:
 Possibly..  Quite simply air inlets should be evenly distributed throughout a house
 But you may get better performance with fewer, because we want fresh air to be uniformly distributed throughout a house
larger inlets especially in wider houses

Inlets should be evenly spaced along length of the

house…both sides Too few inlets on tunnel fan end of house…
 and you end up with a warm/stale tunnel fan area

Commercial layer house with no inlets in the tunnel

No inlets in tunnel inlet area… inlet area
 and you end up with a warm/stale tunnel inlet area
90.0°F
90

80

70

64.0°F

19
Commercial layer house with no inlets in the tunnel
inlet area Too many inlets on tunnel inlet end of house…
 and you end with a cool tunnel inlet area
90.0°F
90

80

70

64.0°F

There is more than one type of “inlet”…. Too many “inlets” in the tunnel curtain area…
 There are “planned” and “unplanned” inlets 105.0°F

100

90

80

70

65.0°F

Too many inlets near the tunnel fans… Too many “inlets” near the tunnel fans…
100.0°F

90

80

70

65.0°F

20
Too many inlets near the tunnel fans or tunnel inlet
will not only make the ends cool and “fresh” Side wall air inlet distribution:
 But tend to decrease the air quality in the rest of the house  Air inlets should be placed directly across from one another.
 Promotes proper air circulation patterns

But, if for some reason the inlets are over 20’ apart they
should be staggered (pullet houses) Side wall inlet distribution:
 In some instances inlets can be closed on one side of the house (40’ or less in
width)
 Small birds
 Strong winds
 Etc..

But, to get the proper fresh air distribution.. Side wall air inlet distribution:
 you will need the right combination of inlet opening and static pressure  Using only the inlets on the exhaust fan side of the house can be done at
times as well

21
 The fact is exhaust fan place will often have very little effect
Air flow pattern remains essentially the same… on inlet air flow patterns within a house
 if you have the right pressure and inlet opening  Air enters the house at a speed of between 800 and 1,200 ft/min

 But the air will be moving toward the fans at a speed of less than 25 ft/min

Enters quickly through inlets…moves slowly toward

exhaust fans Inlet “short circuiting”?
 Exhaust fans on same side wall as inlets  This can be avoided by placing air inlets at least two fan diameters away from
an exhaust fan

Inlet too close to side wall fan

22
Enters quickly through inlets…moves slowly toward
exhaust fans Side wall air inlet distribution:
 One or two tunnel fans and side wall inlets  Using inlets on one side of the house should be avoided in wider houses

 Using inlets on both sides of a house will tend to create more uniform house
temperatures/air quality

The cold, fresh air will not be evenly distributed Too much fresh air in one area of the house
95.0°F

90

80

70

60
60.3

50

45.0°F

Not enough in others Inlets on one side of the house

95.0°F

90

80

70

60
71.4

50

45.0°F

23
 How many minimum ventilation fans should a house
Minimum ventilation fans: have?
 “Minimum ventilation fans” are those fans that are primarily used to control
air quality during cold weather
 Interval timer fans
 “Temperature control fans” those used to reduce house temperature
 Side wall fans, tunnel fans, or a combination

Minimum ventilation fans Minimum ventilation fans

 But with young birds 1 cfm per square foot of timer fan capacity or less would
ideally be used
 40’ X 500’ house would generally use 20,000 cfm of timer fan capacity.
 60’ X 600’ house would generally use 36,000 cfm of timer fan capacity.

 Houses should ideally have/use a maximum of 2 cfm per square foot of

minimum ventilation fan capacity
 40’ X 500’ would use a maximum of 40,000 cfm on an interval timer.
 60’ X 600’ would use a maximum of 72,000 cfm on an interval timer.

Minimum ventilation fans Minimum ventilation fan placement

 Placement?  Minimum ventilation fans should generally be placed in the coldest areas of a
house to help warm those areas:
 Tunnel inlet area
 Tunnel fan area

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What is the downside of evenly spacing min. vent. fans
along the side of a tunnel-ventilated house? First...potential for multiple cool spots

100.9°F
100

90

80.0°F

Secondly, timer fans tend to pull cool air towards the

center Minimum ventilation fans in side wall
Min vent fans

The closer the timer fans are to the center of the house the
cooler the ends become Timer fans near end walls
Min vent fans Min vent fans

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End wall fan for minimum ventilation Important point…

 If a house is perfectly tight, and equally insulated,

 Or
 The air is very well mixed from end to end, and top to bottom
 It really doesn’t matter where the minimum ventilation fans are placed.

Minimum ventilation fans placement Chimney fans popular in Europe

 Ceiling?

If the air is not mixed properly chimney fans can be But, if the air is very well mixed there really is
very problematic nothing wrong with an exhaust fan is in the ceiling.
100.0°F
100

95

90

85

80

78.0°F

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Minimum ventilation fan placement when partial Minimum ventilation fan placement when partial
house brooding? house brooding?
 Minimum ventilation fans must be installed in all bird and nonbird areas

 This means that in a half house brooding situation there should be minimum
ventilation fans in each end of a house.

Minimum ventilation fan placement when partial house

Minimum ventilation fan capacity? brooding
 With young birds 1 cfm per square foot of timer fan capacity or less should be  Minimum ventilation fans should be installed in all bird and non-bird areas
used
40’ X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
 40’ X 500’ = 20,000 cfm of timer fan capacity.
1 cfm/ft2
 With older birds producers can use of up to 2 cfm per square foot of timer
fan capacity.
 40’ X 500’ = up to 40,000 cfm of timer fan capacity
10,000 cfm 10,000 cfm

Minimum ventilation fan placement when partial house Minimum ventilation fan placement when partial house
brooding brooding

40’ X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2 40’ X 500’ house = 20,000 ft2
1 cfm/ft2
1 cfm/ft2

10,000 cfm 10,000 cfm 10,000 cfm 10,000 cfm

1 cfm/ft2

1 cfm/ft2

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Minimum ventilation fan placement when center house Minimum ventilation fan placement when center house
brooding? brooding?
 Center-brooded houses there should be fans in the brood area and both  Center-brooded houses there should be fans in the brood area and both
nonbrood areas. nonbrood areas.
40’ X 500’ house 60’ X 600’ house
36” 36” 36” 36”
24” 24” 36” 36” 24” 24”

5,000 ft2 10,000 ft2 5,000 ft2

9,000 ft2 18,000 ft2 9,000 ft2

 What size of minimum ventilation fans should be used with younger birds in
the off brooding areas?
 Older birds?  What size of minimum ventilation fans should be used with younger birds?

Minimum ventilation fan placement when center house

brooding?
 Center brooded houses there should be fans in the brood area and both
nonbrood areas.
60’ X 600’ house
36” 36” 36” 48” 36” 36” 36”

9,000 ft2 18,000 ft2 9,000 ft2

 What size of minimum ventilation fans should be used with older birds?

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