Pharmacology Ch.

4 Part 2:

NURSING PROCESS:
A = Assess
A = Administer
P = Perform / Provide
E = Evaluate
P = Patient / Family

ACUTE TOXICITY:
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Abdominal pain

CHRONIC OVERDOSE:
B = Bleeding
B = Bruising
M = Malaise
S = Sore Throat
F = Fever

TERMS:
Glucometer - Used to monitor blood glucose
GABA - Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid (Principal inhibiting chemicals)
Glutamate - Plays a role in pathophysiology of seizure activity
>Major excitatory in brain
>Binds to receptors that opens channels to:
S - Sodium
P - Potassium
C - Calcium

Seizure Disorder / Epilepsy - Condition nga ang symptom kay seizure

CATEGORIES OF SEIZURE:
1. Generalized Seizure - (Absence, Atonic, Tonic-Clonic, Myoclone)
2. Partial Seizure - (Simple, Complex)

NON-EPILEPTIC:
Head Injury, Irregular brain activity, infectious diseases, organ failure,
Excessive alcohol consumption, abrupt cessation of medication, stroke

EPILEPTIC:
No Indentifiable cause.

ANTICONVULSANTS:
V - Valproic Acid
P - Phenobarbital
L - Levetiracetam
P - Phenytoin

VALPROIC ACID:
>Carboxylic Acid derivative
>Used as antiemulsant, vascular headache suppressant,
>Used to treat episodes of Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, ADHD, Tardive
dyskinesia

PHENOBARBITAL:
>Barbiturate Acid derivative
>Used as sedative hptnoic
>Also has application as an anti-convulsant

LEVITIRACETAM:
>(-)-(S)alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide
>Used as monotherapy in partial seizures
>Used as an adjunct to other medications in partial, primary generalized tonic-
clonic, and myoclonic seizures

PHENYTOIN:
>Hydantoin but similar in structure to Barbiturates
>Used to control epileptic seizures in US and around the world
>Is prescribed to treat various types of covulsions and seizures

ANTICONVULSANT SIDE EFFECTS:

- Drowsiness, irritability, nausea, rash, and unsteadiness.
- Some drugs produce changes in behavior and emotions (ex. thoughts of suicide)
- Of all the anticonvulsants, drug that should be monitored is PHENYTOIN - at
higher drug levels will accumulate
in the cerebal cortex and cause ATROPHY of the cerebellum when administed in high
doses.

NURSING PROCESS FOR ANTICONVULSANT;

A - Assess
P - Patient/Family Education