AN INCEPTION OF CHANDIGARH

geographical location & linkages CHANDIGARH PLANNING

climate & demogarphy HISTORY
THE FIRST PLAN OF CHANDIGARH WAS
MAD BY ALBERT MAYOUR AND
MATHEW NOWCIKI.. . THE PLAN WAS
FAN SHAPED AND USED THE DCONCEPT
OF NEIGHBOURHOOD DEESIGN.
Area: 114 sq kms After partition of India in TH E CITY WOUND SPREED INTO THE

lonngitutde: 76*47'14e 1947 Punjab was split in two SPACE BETWEEN TWO RIVERS
NOWCIKI DIED IN 1950 & MEYER
latitutde: 30*44'14n with it intial capital Lahore WITHDRWED FORM THE PROJECT

alitutde : 304-365 meters became a part of new

above msl with 1% drainage Pakistan.
gradiet This called a new capital -
annual rainfall : 1110.7 mm chandigarh SO CALLED FOR A NEW DESIGNER LE
CORBUSIER
monsoon : july-september HE RETAINED THE BASIC LAYOUT AND
CONVERTEED INTO A GRID IRON
prevalent winds : from the north PATTERN & CREATED SECTORS IN
DESIGN
west to south east in winter & HIS NEW LAYOUT COPRESSED MEYER"S
reverse in summer 6908 ACRESDOWN TO 5380

HUMAN BODY PLAN

ACRES,INCRESING THE DENSITY OF
CITY BY 20% WHILE RESPECTING THE

HEAD -CAPITOL COMPLEX

INTIAL PRINCIPLES OF THE GARDEN
CITY MOVEMENT
LE CORBUSIER CONCEIVED THE MASTER PLAN OF CHANDIGARH AS
ANALOGOUS TO HUMAN BODY, WITH A CLEARLY DEFINED
HEAD (THE CAPITOL COMPLEX, SECTOR 1)
BASED ON THE DESIGN OF GRATE CROSS HEART (THE CITY CENTRE SECTOR-17)
AXIS LUNGS (THE LEISURE VALLEY, INNUMERABLE OPEN SPACES AND
THE ARTIFICIAL HILLS IN THE FRONT OF SECTOR GREENS) THE INTELLECT (THE CULTURAL AND
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS)
THE SECRETARIAT HAVE NOT BEEN
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (THE NETWORK OF ROADS, THE 7VS)
CREATED & LAID OUT IN ACCORDANCE THE VISCERA (THE INDUSTRIAL AREA). THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT IS THE
WITH LE CORBUSIER'S CONCEPTIONS THE CONCEPT OF THE CITY IS BASED ON FOUR MAJOR FUNCTIONS: METHOD OF URBAN PLANNING THAT
WAS INITIATED IN 1898 BY SIR EBENEZER
LIVING, WORKING, CARE OF THE BODY AND SPIRIT AND
DESIGNED AS THE GREAT HOWARD IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.
CIRCULATION GARDEN CITIES WERE INITENDED TO BE
PEDESTRAIN PLAZA WITH PLANNED, SELF CONTAINED
MOTOR TRAFFI SEPERATED COMMUNITIES SURROUNDED BY
INTO SUNKEN TRENCHES "GREENBELTS", CONTAINING
PROPORTIONATE AREAS OF RESIDENCES,
LEADING TO PARKING AREAS. INDUSTRY & AGRICULTURE.
CHANDIGARH WAS PERCEIVED AS A
CONSISTS OF POST WAR GARDEN CITY WHERE
PARLIAMENT VERTICIAL AND HIGH RISE WERE RULED
OUT IN VIEW OF LIVING HABITATS OF
SECRETARIAT THE PEOPLE

GOVERNERS PALACE
HIGH COURT
TRUNCated pyramid
monument for the victims
open hand

HEArt-the city center sector 17

Bthe central sector of the city , sector 17 is the
main public congregation area of the city.
it houses all major shopping complexes sports
facilities and congregation space
AN INCEPTION OF CAPITOL
COMPLEX
 THE ASSEMBLY HALL SITS SERENELY NEXT TO
ITS POOLS, WHILE ITS SCULPTURAL ROOF

CAPITOL COMPLEX THE ASSEMBLY HALL OVERLOOKS THE PROMENADE.

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY IS MADE IN A

HYPERBOLIC SHELL WITH AN AVERAGE

SITE PLAN THICKNESS OF 15 CM,CONSTANT

THROUGHOUT ITS SURFACE, RESULTING
IN A VERY LOW COST AND A MINIMUM OF
WEIGHT
A large rectangular block that reaches 38 m at its
highest point houses two legislative chambers of
curved forms, linked by a foyer*.
THE GREAT PORTICO, FACING THE HIGH COURT,
Around the square there is a huge concrete CONSIST OF EIGHT THIN PIERS
parasol, whose monumental form is reflected on a THIS PIERS, SUPPORT A HUGE TROUGH FROM WHICH
RAINWATER SPILLS OUT AT HIGHER EITHER END,
pond, a detail used by Le Corbusier to give
FALLING INTO REFLECTING POOLS
lightness to the building, giving the impression of a
large ship.
The assembly chamber has a seating capacity for
252 persons. Additional galleries are provided for
ladies, journalists, and officials.
The council chamber, with a capacity of 70 seats is
crowned by a pyramid, which admits light from
the north into its interior. A ladies gallery with 90
seats, a men's gallery with 104 seats, and a press
gallery with 24 seats are also provided in this
chamber.

the reception lobby passage

THE ramp bridge THE USE OF PRIMARY COLOURS


PLAYFULL VOIDS IN THE WALLS
INERIOR OF THE ASSEMBLY HALL
VIEW OF THE ENTRY OF THE RAMP
Planning:
The planning of the building clearly
shows the design principles of le
Corbusier like use of louvers,
planning in grid, use of concrete,
primary colours, etc. The most
significant aspect of the building is
the coverage of the legislative
chambers, formed by a pyramidal
prism in the case of the council
chambers
and a sculptural hyperbolic
paraboloid to the house of assembly.
It is said that le Corbusier was
inspired by cooling chimneys he saw
in Ahmedabad and also by his
fascination for the Indian bulls. The
scale and magnificence of the
Assembly is spectacular. Staircases,
lifts and ramps provide various
means of circulation and access to
different levels of the building. The
construction of the entire structure
is in exposed reinforced concrete
Painted black, it highlights the
dramatic game of light, that gives
the space generating a sense of
solemnity.
PUNJAB
SECTIONS
Why this shape?
Le Corbusier was big on symbols and THE CEILING TREATMENT
it is said that the roof's sculptural
elements are a reflection of the sun and
the moon, which he thought would be a
good modern guide for the
deliberations of the politicians within.
(coming from Europe to be designing
in and for India, le Corbusier became
fascinated with India's sun.)
Why concrete?
Steel and other material are too
scarce and expensive for any large
building, the principle material in
chandigarh architecture is
handmade bricks and conrete with
rough finishes
Acoustics:
Acoustical treatment has been FACADE FACING THE POND
given to the assembly chamber
to modulate and control the
sound levels by providing sound
absorbing panels in bright
colours and random curvilinear
shapes.
HARYANA
 THE SECRETARIAT
INTRODUCTION: PLANNING AND ORIENTATION:
The central pavilion, block 4, contains the offices of the ministers.
The building is a long, horizontal concrete slab of 254 meters Approach to the building is through roadways below ground level to a
long and 42 meters high. It is composed of eight-storied large parking area in front of the central block, and a floor is left open at
block divided by expansion joints and measures over 800 this level to form an entrance hall. The top of the building is developed as
a roof garden containing the service blocks.
feet, flanked by two sculptural ramps providing vertical
For supplementary communication within the building, each of six blocks
circulation throughout the levels. is equipped with interior stairways and limited elevator service.
Completed in 1952, the Secretariat building functions as the Horizontal circulation is by means of a central corridors.
headquarters of the Punjab and Haryana municipal It is a reinforced concrete frame structure, separated by five expansion
joints into six distinct bays. Five of the bays are almost identical, whereas
governments and is the largest of Corbusier's three
one, containing the double-height offices of ministers. The offices are
completed administrative buildings. arranged on either side of a central corridor on each floor. Keeping in
In this building careful attention is paid to natural lighting, view the ever-changing needs of the government, the floor area is divided
ventilation, and organizational efficiency. by removable partitions. The corridors have been provided with
acoustical slits, a unique device to attain effective cross-ventilation and yet
arrest the noise create by public movement

FACADE:
It emphasizes a sense of hierarchy of façades
and by its sheer cliff-like size and volume,
completes the vista through distant
mountains,
where eye is led onwards to the smaller, more
significant buildings and space beyond.
The undulatory glass-panels are well
protected against the sun and rain by a grill of
brise-soleil on the two principal facades.
B. RAMPS:
Two Ramps in the Secretariate Building were
provided to transport the materials for
construction to the upper stories, as the
budget was low
FEATURES: for planning the city of Chandigarh, and
cranes were not used.
A.NATURAL LIGHT AND VENTILATION:
The whole structure is constructed in 'beton
To maximize natural lighting and increase cross-ventilation, a long
brut' (rough-cast concrete) with Corbusier's
and narrow plan was implemented. To visually reduce the scale of
signature 'brise-soleils' facade.
its massive façade, the Secretariat was designed with a modular
Over 800 feet long, the extensive facade of the
façade that fragments the elevation into legible, programmatic
building gives a sculptural aesthetic with
elements. This approach not only prevents onlookers from being
overwhelmed by its scale, it also plays an important role with regard
exposed concrete ramps, punctured with small
to the day lighting scheme of the project as a whole. square windows dictating the front and rear
Corbusier has used louvers on the southern facade to viewe.
mitigate solar gain; there is a almost a meter distance between solar Accordingly, the Secretariat building avoids
breaks and windows which helps to reduce the heat. overshadowing the Capitol as a whole with its
The various projections, recesses, circulation elements, and multi- bulk size.
level interior spaces act as sun-breaks ('brise- soleils') to mitigate The exterior view of the Secretariat
solar gain. Light and shadow
The use of colours with a drab concrete scheme Little windows along the ramp wall
Natural lighting inside the ramp Panoramic view of the Capitol Complex from
The terrace garden the terrace
 THE VERY FIRST SECTOR
SECTOR 22: BUILD
Village Name : Sector 22 ( ਸੈਕਟਰ ੨੨ )
Introduction City Name : Chandigarh
Sector 22 in Chandigarh was the first District : Chandigarh
sector where residential construction State : Chandigarh
started in early 1950s. Its construction Language : Punjabi and Hindi
Current Time 02:05 PM
was far ahead of all other sectors. In the
Date: Sunday , Jan 29,2023 (IST)
1950s, sector 22 was the center of
Time zone: IST (UTC+5:30)
entertainment and business activity. Elevation / Altitude: 334 meters. Above Seal level

When Sector 22 was Young

By mid 1950s, Sector-22 had a middle school, a hospital
(temporary), a cinema (Kiran), a hotel (Aroma), a shopping
center and homes for government servants. It was all new. It was

THE SHOPPING CENTER

gleaming. It was beautiful. Roads had sidewalks and green grass
along the sidewalks. In some places, there were flower bushes.
People came out in the evening for a stroll (sair) in sector 22
shopping center. Traffic was light. There were hardly any In the early 1950, this shopping center had some small single story stores
motorized vehicles. Bicycles and rickshaws ruled the day. It was and some large double story stores. All store had a covered walkway in
very pleasant to walk in the shopping center.

front of the stores. Then there was uncovered walkway in front of the
covered walkway. In addition, there was a grassy area in front of the stores.
Man Made Mountain In some places, there were flowers too. It all looked beautiful and a great
Kiran Cinema in Sector 22 place to shop and walk in the evening.
People enjoyed all kinds
Between the Kiran cinema and the Aroma hotel,
Kiran cinema was located in the sector 22 shopping center of snacks (Chaats) and ice
near “Quality” restaurant. It was the only cinema within
there was park for children to play. In this park,
creams on their strolls.
30-kilometer radius. It was air-conditioned. Some people there was a man made mountain. This mountain
Some people did not walk
went to the movies just to escape the heat. In the early was covered with grass, bushes and small trees. on the walkways. They
1950s, the cheapest ticket was less than one Rupee.
There were pathways up, down and around this took shortcuts through
Balcony ticket was 3 Rupees. Most popular movie at that
time was Naya Daur. There was a rickshaw stand close to mountain. It was a kid’s dream world. This park the grassy areas. Over
Kiran cinema. This cinema attracted many visitors to attracted many kids from other sectors also. time, one could see the
sector 22 every day and business was booming.
Unfortunately, at a later date government decided footpaths crossing the
to use this area for something else. Consequently, grassy areas in every
the mountain was gone direction. Government
put barbed wire fence
around the grassy areas.
Aroma Hotel But that did not work
About 100 Meters from either. Eventually,
Kiran cinema was Aroma government just paved
the grassy areas. It was
hotel. This was the only
hard to maintain grassy
hotel in the 1950s. It looked areas wherever they were.
very posh. It also attracted So the beautiful look
many visitors to sector 22. began to fade
 RESIDENTIAL AREA TYPES OF HOUSING

The initial first stage was bult by Le

Corbusier First phase had the residential
houses for about 49 sq km. This area covered
around 3.5 lakh of average population.
Housing of each sector is located along
circulation road V4,VS and V6 of 7V road
concept dedicated by grid ion pattern of
Chandigarh. There are three type of housing
in city which are Government housing Marla
housing Apartment housing It is designated by
aspects which are functional,climatic house-
street-pen space hierarchy aspects
 ROADS

The roads of the city were

classified into seven categories,
known as the system of 7 Vs.
V-1 Fast roads connecting
Chandigarh to other towns;
V-2 Arterial roads;
V-3 Fast vehicular roads;
V-4 Free Flowing shopping
streets;
V-5 Sector circulation roads;
V-6 Access roads to houses;
V-7 Footpaths and cycle tracks