Marking Scheme

First test for Algebra: Advanced Mathematics:Form V

Friday, 4th February, 2022

Question 01(20 Marks)

(a) Given that am × an = am+n
means am = a × a × a × a . . . (m times) (1 14 marks)
and an = a × a × a × a . . . (n times) (1 14 marks)
Then am × an = a × a × a × a × a . . . (m + n times) (1 21 marks)
∴ am × an = am+n Hence proved.

(b) Required value of x

√ √
(i) Given that log x = log x
1 1
means log x 2 = (log x) 2
1 1
then 2
log x = (log x) 2 [power rule] (1marks)
1 1
let log x = m =⇒ 2
m = (m) 2 (1marks)
1 2 1
raise to power 2 both sides =⇒ 4
m = m =⇒ 4
m = 1 =⇒ m = 4 or m = 0
but log x = m
if m = 4 =⇒ log10 x = 4 in exponential form 104 = x =⇒ x = 10, 000
if m = 0 =⇒ log10 x = 0 in exponential form 100 = x =⇒ x = 1
∴ x = 1 or x = 10, 000. (1marks)
log x
(ii) Given that log xlog x =8
According to power rule
(log xlog x )(log x) = 8 =⇒ (log x. log x)(log x) = 8 (1marks)
=⇒ log x. log x. log x = 8 =⇒ (log x)3 = 23 (1marks)
log x = 2 =⇒ log10 x = 2 in exponential form 102 = x
∴ x = 100. (1marks)
(iii) Given that x + log(2x + 1) = x log 5 + log 6
means x log 10 + log(2x + 1) = log 5x + log 6 =⇒ log 10x − log 5x + log(2x + 1) = log 6

1
 x
=⇒ log 10
5x
+ log(2x + 1) = log 6 [Quontient rule] (1 14 marks)
log( 10
5
)x + log(2x + 1) = log 6 =⇒ log 2x + log(2x + 1) = log 6
=⇒ log 2x (2x + 1) = log 6 =⇒ 2x (2x + 1) = 6 [product rule] (1marks)
let 2x = p =⇒ p(p + 1) = 6 =⇒ p2 + p = 6 =⇒ p2 + p − 6 = 0 ( 21 marks)
p = 2 or p = −3 =⇒ 2x = 21 =⇒ x = 1
∴ x = 1 [ no logarithm of negative number] (1 41 marks)

(c) Given loga x, logb x and logc x are in A.P, required to prov that c2 = [ac]loga b
means logb x − loga x = logc x − logb x =⇒ 2 logb x = loga x + logc x (1 21 marks)
=⇒ 2 log x
log b
= log x
log a
+ log x
log c
=⇒ log x( log2 b ) = log x( log1 a + 1
log c
) (1 12 marks)
2 1 1 2 log c+log a
=⇒ log b
= log a
+ log c
=⇒ log b
= log a log c
=⇒ 2 log a log c = log b log(ac) (1 12 marks)
log b
=⇒ 2 log c = log a
. log(ac) =⇒ log c2 = loga b. log(ac) =⇒ log c2 = log(ac)loga b
=⇒ c2 = (ac)loga b =⇒ c2 = [ac]loga b
∴ c2 = [ac]loga b (1 12 marks)

Question 02(20 Marks)

(a) Given series 6 + 66 + 666 + 6666 + . . .
means Sn = 6 + 66 + 666 + 6666 + . . .to (n terms) (1 14 marks)
Sn = 6(1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 + . . . to (n terms)) (1 14 marks)
=⇒ Sn = 69 (9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 + . . .to(n terms)) (1 41 marks)
=⇒ Sn = 69 ((10 − 1) + (100 − 1) + (1000 − 1) + (10000 − 1) + . . .to(n terms)) (1 41 marks)
=⇒ Sn = 69 (10 + 102 + 103 + 104 . . . to(n terms) − n) ( 21 marks)
−1 n
=⇒ Sn = 69 (10( 1010−1 ) − n) =⇒ Sn = 6
81
(10(10n − 1) − 9n) ( 21 marks)
6
∴ Sn = 81
(10(10n − 1) − 9n) (1marks)

1 n
−1 n n(n−1)
1 ( r ) −1
(b) Given that ζ = G1 ( rr−1 ) ,µ = Gn1 r( 2
)
and η = (
G1 ( r1 −1)
) (2 14 marks)

1
n (( r1 )n −1)
Take [ ηζ ]n = (G1 rr−1
−1
÷ G1
1
−1
)n (2 14 marks)
r
G1 r n n
=⇒ [ ηζ ]n = (G1 × r
) =⇒ [ ηζ ]n = (G21 rn−1 )n (2 21 marks)
n n
=⇒ [ ηζ ]n = (G2n
1 r
n(n−1)
) =⇒ [ ηζ ]n = (Gn1 r 2 (n−1) )2 but µ = Gn1 r( n(n−1)
2
) = Gn1 r 2 (n−1)
∴ [ ηζ ]n = µ2 Hence proved. (1marks)

(c) Since a series is in A.P

Sn = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 . . . + An (1 14 marks)

2
 =⇒ Sn = A1 + (A1 + d) + (A1 + 2d) + (A1 + 3d) . . . + (A1 + (n − 1)d) (1 41 marks)
Sn = A1 + (A1 + d) + (A1 + 2d) + (A1 + 3d) . . . + (A1 + (n − 1)d)...........................(i)
Also
Sn = An + An − d + An − 2d + An − 3d . . . + A1
=⇒ Sn = An + (An − d) + (An − 2d) + (An − 3d) . . . + A1
=⇒ Sn = An + (An − d) + (An − 2d) + (An − 3d) . . . + A1
=⇒ Sn = (A1 + (n − 1)d) + (A1 + (n − 2)d) + (A1 + (n − 3)d) + . . . A1
Sn = (A1 + (n − 1)d) + (A1 + (n − 2)d) + (A1 + (n − 3)d) + . . . A1 ....................(ii)
Add equations (i) and (ii)
2Sn = (A1 +(A1 +(n−1)d)+(A1 +(A1 +(n−1)d)+(A1 +(A1 +(n−1)d)+. . .+(A1 +(A1 +(n−1)d)
=⇒ 2Sn = (2A1 + (n − 1)d) + (2A1 + (n − 1)d) + (2A1 + (n − 1)d) + . . . + (2A1 + (n − 1)d)
2Sn = n((2A1 + (n − 1)d)) =⇒ Sn = n2 (2A1 + (n − 1)d) (1 41 marks)
2
Sn = A1 n + ( n 2−n )d =⇒ Sn = d2 n2 + (A1 − d2 )n
d
Suppose A = 2
and B = (A1 − d2 )
∴ Sn = An2 + Bn (1 41 marks)

Question 03(20 Marks)

(a) Given series 13 + 33 + 53 . . . + (2n + 1)3
since 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + . . . + n3 = ( n2 n(n + 1))2 (1 14 marks)
for 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + . . . + (2n + 1)3 = (2n + 1)2 (n + 1)2 (1 41 marks)
The even numbers are missing 23 + 43 + 63 + . . . + (2n)3 = 23 (13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + . . . + n3 )
2
=⇒ 8( n4 (n + 1)2 ) =⇒ 2(n2 (n + 1)2 ) (1 41 marks)
Now 13 + 33 + 53 + . . . + (2n + 1)3 = (2n + 1)2 (n + 1)2 − (2n2 (n + 1)2 ) (1 41 marks)
∴ 13 + 33 + 53 + . . . + (2n+)3 = (n + 1)2 (2n2 + 4n + 1) (1marks)

(b)(i) required to prove that product of two consecultive natural number is even
Suppose P (n) = n(n + 1) (1marks)
We show if it is true for n = 1
P (1) = 1(1 + 1) =⇒ P (1) = 2 it is true
Assume is true for n = k
P (k) = k(k + 1) = 2λ ( 21 marks)
We show that is true for n = k + 1
P (k + 1) = (k + 1)(k + 2) =⇒ k(k + 1) + 2(k + 1) =⇒ 2λ + 2(k + 1) ( 12 marks)
=⇒ 2(λ + (k + 1)) let λ + (k + 1) = µ ( 12 marks)

3
 =⇒ P (k + 1) = (k + 1)(k + 2) = 2µ
Then P (k + 1) = (k + 1)(k + 2) = (k + 1)(k + 1 + 1) = n(n + 1) ( 12 marks)
∴ P (n) = n(n + 1) is an even ∀n ∈ N (1marks)
(ii) Given (2n + 7) < (n + 3)2
since (2n + 7) < (n + 3)2
Prove for n = 1 : (2 + 7) < (4)2 =⇒ 9 < 16 it is true ( 41 marks)
Assume that is true for n = k : (2k + 7) < (k + 3)2 ( 14 marks)
Required to show if its true for n = k + 1
Since (2k + 7) < (k + 3)2 add 2 both sides (2k + 2 + 7) < (k + 3)2 + 2 (1marks)
2k + 2 + 7 < k 2 + 6k + 9 + 2 =⇒ 2(k + 1) + 7 < k 2 + 6k + 11 (1marks)
=⇒ 2(k + 1) + 7 < k 2 + 8k + 11 [6 < 8] (1 41 marks)
=⇒ 2(k + 1) + 7 < k 2 + 8k + 16 [11 < 16] (1 41 marks)
=⇒ 2(k + 1) + 7 < (k + 4)2 (1 14 marks)
=⇒ 2(k + 1) + 7 < (k + 1 + 3)2 ( 14 marks)
=⇒ 2n + 7 < (n + 3)2 (1marks)
∴ (2n + 7) < (n + 3)2 is true ∀n ∈ N (1marks)

(c) Given 1.004̇

G1
For convergent r < 1 : S∞ = 1−r
( 14 marks)
Then 1.004̇ = 1 + 0.004̇ but 0.004̇ = 0.004444444̇ ( 41 marks)
=⇒ 0.004444444̇ = 0.004 + 0.0004 + 0.00004 + 0.000004 + 0.0000004 + . . . ( 12 marks)
0.0004 0.004 0.004
=⇒ G1 = 0.004, r = 0.004
= 0.1, =⇒ S∞ = 1−0.1
=⇒ S∞ = 0.9
4
=⇒ S∞ = 900
( 12 marks)
4 904
Now S∞ = 1 + 900
=⇒ S∞ = 900
904
∴ 1.004̇ = 900
( 12 marks)

Question 04(20 Marks)

1
(a) Given 6
1 1
6
= 2×3
( 12 marks)
1 1 A B 1 A(x+1)+Bx
let 2 = x =⇒ x(x+1)
=⇒ x(x+1)
= x
+ x+1
=⇒ x(x+1)
= x(x+1)
( 12 marks)
1 = A(x + 1) + Bx put x = 0 : 1 = A =⇒ A = 1 ( 12 marks)
also put x = −1 : 1 = −B =⇒ B = −1 ( 12 marks)
1 1 1 1 1 1
=⇒ x(x+1)
= x
− x+1
=⇒ 2×3
= 2
− 3
( 12 marks)
1 1 1
∴ 2×3
= 2
− 3
( 12 marks)

4
 x
(b) Given 25−x2
x x x
this means 25−x2
= 52 −x2
= (5+x)(5−x)
(1 12 marks)
x A B x A(5−x)+B(5+x)
=⇒ (5+x)(5−x)
= 5+x
+ 5−x
=⇒ (5+x)(5−x)
= (5+x)(5−x)
(1 12 marks)
=⇒ x = A(5 − x) + B(5 + x) =⇒ A = − 21 and B = 1
2
(2 12 marks)
x 1 1
∴ 25−x2
= 2(5−x)
− 2(5+x)
(1 12 marks)
2
(c) Given n(n+2)
2 A B 2 A(n+2)+Bn
In partial fraction n(n+2)
= n
+ n+2
=⇒ n(n+2)
= n(n+2)
(1 12 marks)
=⇒ 2 = A(n + 2) + Bn =⇒ A = 1andB = −1 (1 12 marks)
2 1 1
∴ n(n+2)
= n
− n+2
(1marks)
Then Consider
2 1 1
n(n+2)
= n
− n+2
2 1 1
For n = 1 : 1×3
= 1
− 3
( 12 marks)
2 1 1
n=2: 2×4
= 2
− 4
( 12 marks)
2 1 1
n=3: 3×5
= 3
− 5
( 12 marks)
2 1 1
n=4: 4×6
= 4
− 6
( 12 marks)
2 1 1
n=5: 5×7
= 5
− 7
..
.
..
.
2 1 1
n = (n − 2) : (n−2)×n
= (n−2)
− n
2 1 1
n = (n − 1) : (n−1)×(n+1)
= (n−1)
− (n+1)
( 12 marks)
2 1 1
n=n: n×(n+2)
= n
− (n+2)
( 12 marks)
Add terms
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1×3
+ 2×4 + 3×5 + 4×6 + 5×7 +. . .+ (n−2)×n + (n−1)×(n+1) + n×(n+2) = 32 −( (n+1)(n+2)
2n+3
) (1 12 marks)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2n+3
=⇒ 2( 1×3 + 2×4
+ 3×5
+ 4×6
+ 5×7
+...+ (n−2)×n
+ (n−1)×(n+1)
+ n×(n+2)
) = 2
− ( (n+1)(n+2) )
1
∴ + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 +. . .+ (n−2)×n
1×3 2×4 3×5 4×6 5×7
1 1
+ (n−1)×(n+1) 1
+ n×(n+2) = 34 − 2(n+1)(n+2)
2n+3
(1 12 marks)

Prepared by Martin John

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