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Contents

Exercise Topic Page

Chapter 1

Exercise 1 How safe is your home? 3

Exercise 2 I wish I had done my homework! 5
Exercise 3 You must be kidding! 6
Exercise 4 What if it rains? 7
Exercise 5 Cyclists should be required to… 8
Exercise 6 I thought you were Mexican 10

Chapter 2

Exercise 1 He might have been sick 11

Exercise 2 He must have gotten lost! 14
Exercise 3 Tom must have forgotten about it 16
Exercise 4 Make up a story! 18
Exercise 5 Studying English in EF is great! 19
Exercise 6 What might have been 21

Chapter 3

Exercise 1 We don’t have to wear a uniform here 22

Exercise 2 The most rewarding thing about helping 23
Exercise 3 I love nding solutions to problems 25
Exercise 4 I hate waiting for people 27
Exercise 5 What’s an advantage of having a large family? 29
Exercise 6 My most positive quality! 30

Chapter 4

Exercise 1 I’ve managed to get good grades 32

Exercise 2 An advantage of having a nuclear family is… 34
Exercise 3 Identifying topic sentences 36
Exercise 4 Creating topic sentences 38
Exercise 5 It’s my kind of city 40
Exercise 6 The gift of a friend 43

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 Chapter 1
Exercise 1
How safe is your home?
1. Read the following article then answer the questions.
Where do you think the greatest number of accidents take place: at work, at home,
or on highways? What are the leading causes of injuries?

Do you feel that your home is a safe place and that danger lies only in the outside world?
The truth is that accidents at home result in more injuries than motor vehicle and workplace
accidents put together. Serious injuries and even death can be caused by accidental falls, fires,
burns, poisonings, and electrical hazards.

Falls are the number one cause of accidental deaths in the home every year and the main
reason for accidental deaths of the elderly. They are mostly due to slippery surfaces or loose
rugs. Fires, often caused by cigarette smoking, are more dangerous for the smoke and
poisonous gases they create than for the actual flames. Electrical hazards, responsible for
many home fires, are frequently caused by overloaded wires and fixtures. Burns happen most
often to children and the elderly, usually in the bathroom, when the water is too hot. The
leading cause of accidental deaths at home for people between the ages of 14 and 44 is
poisoning, often the result of the misuse of medicines.

Accidents and injuries in the home don’t have to happen. They can be prevented if simple
precautions are taken.

SAFETY TIPS

IN THE KITCHEN
*Turn all pot handles toward the back of the stove.
*Use a steady step stool when reaching for items on high shelves.
*Keep a fire extinguisher nearby.
*Keep knives and sharp objects in a safe place.
*Store cleaning materials and poison in their original containers
and lock them away if you have small children.

 IN THE BATHROOM
* Set the hot water heater at a temperature less than 120
degrees F (48.9 degrees C)
* Don’t use electrical appliances like radios and hair
dryers near water, and never touch them with wet
hands.
* Keep medicines and vitamins clearly labeled and
store them in childproof containers.

THROUGHOUT THE HOUSE

* Don’t plug too many appliances into the same wall
outlet or extension cord.
* Make sure rugs and carpets are secure. Never hide an
electrical cord under a rug.
* If an electrical cord is damaged in any way, do not
use it. Have it repaired or replaced.
* Keep hallways and stairs well lighted and free from
clutter.
* Install smoke detectors and keep them in working
order.
* If you smoke, never smoke in bed and be careful not
to smoke in a place where you might fall asleep.
* Keep emergency numbers next to the telephone.




















 Exercise 2
I wish I had done my homework!

1. Make sentences with wish in past. They can be affirmative or negative.

Look at the example.
Example: I bought some shoes without trying them on, when I got home they were too small.
_I wish I had tried them on_________
a. I didn’t drive to work today. I had to wait an hour for the bus.
___________________________________________________________________
b. I spent too much last week on unnecessary things.
___________________________________________________________________
c. I didn’t do my homework last night. I had to do it early this morning.
___________________________________________________________________
d. I didn’t have the flu shot last fall. I was sick last winter.
___________________________________________________________________
e. I ate too much yesterday night. I got such a terrible stomachache!
___________________________________________________________________
f. Jenny wasn’t prepared for her math test. She got a low grade.
___________________________________________________________________
g. I didn’t take medicine when my tooth began to hurt. I felt miserable all day.
___________________________________________________________________
h. Sam rented the first apartment he looked at. The next week he found a better one!
___________________________________________________________________
i. Paul didn’t go to medical school. He studied something he didn’t really like.
___________________________________________________________________
j. I bought my son a chemistry set for his birthday. He set the house on fire.
___________________________________________________________________

2. On a piece of paper write down a situation of your own, it has to be about the past.
Then write a wish for your situation.

3. Exchange papers. See if your classmates guess what your wish is.

 Exercise 3
You must be kidding!
1. Write must or can’t for the following sentences to make logical conclusions in present.
a. You’ve been traveling all day. You _________ be tired
b. That restaurant ___________ be very good. It’s always full of people.
c. Erick is Sara’s best friend, he hasn’t visited her since she’s in the hospital,
He ___________ know she’s in the hospital.
d. That restaurant ___________ be very good. It’s always empty.
e. You_____________ be looking forward to going on vacation next week.
f. The children _________ be very happy. They received many presents in their party.
g. Their car isn’t outside their house. They _____________ be at home.
h. Brian said he would be here at 8:00 pm. It’s 9:30 he ________________ be coming.
i. Tom gets to travel to China a lot. He __________ speak Chinese very well.
j. Noriko is from Japan, she just moved in. She _______________ have any friends yet.

2. Read and practice the following conversation.

A: Have you seen Yuri, the new student

he’s so strange; he’s always looking at everyone
else but he doesn’t talk to anybody.
He must be out of his mind.
B: You must be kidding! He is from Russia!
He can’t speak English very well!
That’s why he doesn’t talk too much!
A: Oh! I didn’t know! You are right, he must feel
homesick or something! Let’s talk to him
maybe we can help him get around.

3. Now make up a similar conversation. Student A believes something about other person.
Student B makes him or her change his or her mind.

Ideas to help:
Someone must be getting married
Someone must be pregnant
2 people must be in love with each other.
Someone must be very sad

 Exercise 4
What if it rains?
1. Look at the conversation. Then act out similar conversations, using the information
in the boxes.

A: I finally got my brother a birthday present yesterday!

B: You did? Great!
A: Yes, but what if he doesn’t like it?
B: Oh! Don’t worry. I’m sure he will.

SOME SITUATIONS SOME WORRIES

a) I finally got my brother a birthday present
yesterday!
b) I’ve finished my last paper for this term!
c) I was offered two different jobs this week!
d) My sister has agreed to stay in my apartment while
I am away!
e) My son was just accepted into college!
f) Sara will cook dinner for her in laws!
Maybe he doesn’t like it!
Maybe I won’t do well on my exam!
Maybe I make the wrong decision!
Maybe she won’t water my plants
Maybe he won’t want to go!
Maybe they won’t like the dinner

2. Read the letter and change the sentences in parenthesis to expressions with what if…?

Dear Sandy:

I’ve been dating a girl I met a few weeks ago. It’s getting serious, and I want to ask her to
marry me but (maybe she won’t accept) what’s more she is from Australia. (maybe she’ll
decide to come back there) I haven’t met her family yet. (maybe they won’t like me) and most
important, I’m not sure she feels the same way about me (maybe she won’t want to take it that
serious) I’m so worried that I just can’t make a decision. What do you think?

ARTHUR

3. Write down a similar letter to a friend. Then take turns reading it. You have to use
what if...?

 Exercise 5
Cyclists should be required to wear a helmet

1. ! Listen to recommendations people are making at a community meeting. Do you

agree with these proposals for your city? Check ☑ your opinion.

Strongly Somewhat
Community meeting notes Disagree
agree agree
1. Cyclists should be required to wear a helmet. ☐ ☐ ☐

2. Pet owners shouldn’t be allowed to walk dogs without a leash. ☐ ☐ ☐

3. People ought to be required to end parties at midnight. ☐ ☐ ☐

4. Something has got to be done to stop littering. ☐ ☐ ☐

5. People mustn’t be permitted to park motorcycles ☐ ☐ ☐

on the sidewalks.
6. Laws must be passed to control the noise from car alarms. ☐ ☐ ☐

7. Drivers should only be permitted to honk their horn in case ☐ ☐ ☐

of an emergency.

2. Grammar focus. Giving recommendations and opinions.

Listen!
When you think something is a good idea

Cyclists should be required to wear a helmet.

Pet owners shouldn’t be allowed to walk dogs without a leash.
People ought to be required to end parties at midnight.

When you think something is absolutely necessary

Laws must be passed to control the noise from car alarms.

People mustn’t be permitted to park motorcycles on the sidewalks.
A rule has to be made to require cycling lanes on city streets.
Something has got to be done to stop littering.

3. Complete the sentences positively or negatively. Choose a modal that shows

how strongly you feel about these issues.

a. People ______________________________ to use cell phones while driving (allow)

b. Young people ______________________________ to get married before age 15. (permit)

c. Companies ______________________________ to give workers periodic breaks. (require)

d. People ______________________________ to have pets in high-rise apartments. (allow)

e. Scientists ______________________________ to use animals for research. (permit)

f. Laws ______________________________ to ban the sale of handguns. (pass)

g. The sale of fur products ______________________________ (permit)

h. Something _____________________________ to stop clubs from staying open so late. (do)

4. ! Listen to people discuss problems. What solutions do they suggest?

1. people talking loudly on 2. car alarms going off 3. telemarketing salespeople

cell phones in restaurants at night calling too often

Solutions

1._______________________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________________

Listen!

 Exercise 6
I thought you were Mexican

1. Look at the two conversations. Pay attention to the underlined words to confirm
information or to make emphasis to the sentence.
Then complete the following conversations in a similar way.

Example 1: A: I work in a school.

B: You do? I thought you worked in a hospital.
A: No, I do teach Geography.

Example 2: A: I am an architect.
B: You are? I thought you were a teacher.
A: Not at all. I did graduate in the architecture college.

a) A: She is Canadian.
B: _____________? I thought she __________ American.
A: Absolutely no. She _______ from Canada.

b) A: He speaks French.
B: _____________? I was sure he ____________ Italian.
A: Well, I’m sure he __________ speak French.

c) A: Tom can’t come to the party.

B: _____________? I knew he _______________ come.
A: Well, he _________ _______ make it.

d) A: I won’t be at the meeting.

B: _____________? I thought you _____________ be there.
A: No. I _________ ________ be able to go.

e) A: Your supervisor may know how to solve that problem.

B: No I don’t think he may.
A: What! I thought he _______________ know.
B: Definitely he ___________ ________, he is not that smart.

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 Chapter 2
Exercise 1
He might have been sick

1. Pair work. Follow the example and make conversations.

Example:
A: I wonder why Sheila hasn’t come back from lunch yet.
B: I’m not sure. She might / may have gone to the bank.
A: Hmm… Maybe you’re right.

I wonder why...
a. Bob was late for the meeting b. Professor Jones didn’t come to class yesterday
get stuck in traffic be sick

c. Mr. and Mrs. Lane didn’t come to our party d. Jimmy was late for school this morning
forget about it miss the bus

e. Peggy didn’t want to go to the play with us f. The neighbors haven’t returned our ladder
see it already break it

g. Dad left the rock concert early h. Grandma and Grandpa aren’t answering
have a headache their phone
go away for the weekend

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 2. Pair work. Follow the example and make conversations.

Example:

A: If you ask me, Jack shouldn’t have gone hiking by himself in the mountains.
B: You’re right. He might / could have gotten lost!

a. swim to the other side of the lake b. play baseball in the rain
drown catch a cold

c. ride her bicycle downtown d. move his piano by himself

during rush hour break his back
get hurt

e. use her computer during f. go skating on the town pond

a thunderstorm fall through the ice
be electrocuted

g. shovel all the snow in the h. argue with a police officer

driveway wind up in jail
have a heart attack

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 3. ! Listen and practice.

Jackie: You asked Beth to be here around 7:00,

didn’t you?
Bill: Yes, What time is it now?
Jackie: It’s almost 8:00. I wonder what happened.
Bill: Hmm. She might have forgotten the time.
Why don’t I call and see if she’s on her way?

A few minutes later

Bill: I got her voice mail, so she can’t have

turned on her cell phone.
Jackie: I hope she didn’t have a problem on the road.
Her car could have broken down or something.
Bill: Of course she may have simply forgotten.
and done something else today.
Jackie: No, she couldn’t have forgotten – I just talked
to her about it yesterday. I guess we should start
without her.

4. ! Listen to the rest of the conversation. What happened? Listen!

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 Exercise 2
He must have gotten lost!
1. Pair work. Follow the example and make conversations.

Example:

A: Richard came to work late today.

B: I’m really surprised to hear that. He NEVER comes to work late!
A: I know. He must have overslept.
B: You’re probably right.

a. Maria missed English class all last week. b. Gary skipped dessert at the restaurant today.
be very sick. go on a diet.

c. Mrs. Grimsley smiled at her employees d. Peter handed in his homework late this
this morning. morning.
be in a very good mood have a problem with his computer

e. Beverly yelled at me this morning. f. Walter was in a terrible mood today.

be very upset “get up on the wrong side of the bed”

g. You talked in your sleep last night. h. Rover refused to eat his dinner.
have a bad dream eat too many dog biscuits during the day.

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2. Pair work. Follow the example and make conversations.

Examples:

A: Timmy looks frightened! He must have seen a scary movie today.

B: I’m not sure. He might / may have seen a scary movie, but that
doesn’t usually make him so frightened.
A: I’m a little concerned. Maybe we should talk to him.
B: That’s a good idea.

A: Janet looks tired! She must have worked overtime today.

B: I’m not sure. She might / may have worked overtime, but that
doesn’t usually make her so tired.
A: I’m a little concerned. Maybe we should talk to her.
B: That’s a good idea.

a. Mr Jenkins looks exhausted! b. Rachel looks upset!

swim fifty laps fail an exam

c. Steve looks angry! d. Margaret looks tired!

have a fight with his landlord jog for a long time

e. Wayne looks upset! f. Our English teacher looks disappointed!

have an argument with the boss find a lot of mistakes in our homework

g. Rick looks exhausted! h. Senator Wilson looks tired!

do a lot of sit-ups shake a lot of hands

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 Exercise 3
Tom must have forgotten about it
1. Work in pairs. Say what must have happened in these situations.
Use either affirmative (must have) or negative (can’t have) form.

a) On Friday, your boss told you she might come in to the office over the weekend and
catch up on her work. If she worked over the weekend, she planned to take the day off
on Monday. On Monday morning, she wasn’t in.
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Yesterday you left a telephone message for a friend to call you back, but he hasn’t
returned your call. He’s very reliable and always returns your calls promptly.
_______________________________________________________________________
c) An hour ago, you and your friend had the same meal in a restaurant: a pasta dish in a
delicious sauce. Suddenly your friend has gotten very sick, but you feel fine. Your
friend is allergic to shellfish.
_______________________________________________________________________
d) You’ve just arrived at your parent’s home for a visit, and before you even open the
door, you can smell a delicious apple pie. Your father loves to bake when you come.
_______________________________________________________________________
e) You made an appointment with an old friend for lunch. You’re waiting for her and it’s
been 30 minutes. Then you remember she has the most terrible memory in the world
and she doesn’t remember anything.
_______________________________________________________________________

2. Complete the conversation, using may(not) have, might (not) have, must have or
can’t have and the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

A: How was the surprise birthday party for Paul?

B: It was fun, but he didn’t look surprised at all.
A: Someone_____________________(tell) him about it before the party, that’s for sure.
B: Yeah, you’re right. Who do you think told him?
A: I don’t know. What about Tom? He can’t keep a secret. He___________________(tell) him.
B: Possibly. Or maybe it was Samantha.
A: No. She’s been out of town, so it __________________________ (be) her.
B: That’s true. It ________________________ (be) someone else.

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 3. Work with a partner. Take turns reacting to each situation, using may (not) have, might
(not) have, must have and can’t have. Student A: You’re very pessimistic and immediately
think the worst. Student B: You’re more optimistic.
a) Your parents are coming to visit you from out of town,. They were supposed to arrive an
hour ago.
b) You applied for a job that you really want. You were supposed to find out if you got it
three days ago.
c) You went out with someone two weeks ago and had a wonderful time. That person was
supposed to get in touch with you again, but you haven’t heard from him or her since
then.
d) Your sister told you she’d be home last night. You called her at 10:30, but there was no
answer.
4. Complete the stories with the correct modal
Lucky people.

Gary ________________________ (be) daydreaming while he was driving to work yesterday.

He drove through a red light at the busiest intersection in town. Fortunately, he didn’t hit anyone.
Gary was lucky.
He ____________________ (cause) a terrible accident.

Mrs. Chen ______________________________ (be) very scared yesterday. There was a big,
mean dog outside while she was putting out the garbage. Fortunately, the dog didn’t see her. Mrs.
Chen was lucky. That big, mean dog ________________________ (bite) her.

Howard _________________________ (be) extremely irritable this morning. He was rude to his
supervisor when she pointed out a mistake he had made. Fortunately, his supervisor was in a
good mood, and she didn’t get angry. Howard was lucky.
His supervisor _____________________ (fire) him.

Ms. Kendall _____________________ (be) feeling very brave last night. She refused to hand
over her purse to a man who was trying to mug her. Fortunately, the man got scared and ran
away. Ms. Kendall was very lucky. She ________________________ (got) hurt.

Mr. and Mrs. Gray __________________ (have) a lot of financial problems last year. They were
never able to pay their rent on time. Fortunately, their landlord was very understanding. Mr. and
Mrs. Gray are pretty lucky.
Their landlord _____________________ (evict) them.

Irwin ____________________ (be) very lonely yesterday. All evening he made long-distance
phone calls to his friends throughout the country. Fortunately, most of his friends weren’t
home. Irwin was very lucky. He _______________________ (run) up quite a big phone bill.

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 Exercise 4
Make up a story!
1. It’s 6:00 in the evening and you are riding the train. There are many different kinds
of people on the train with you, and as you look at them, you wonder how they spent
their day, and what their lives have been like. Look at the people in the photo, and then
make up a story about one of them.

Ingresa texto

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Exercise 5
Studying English in English Forever is great!

1. Read the following conversation and practice it. Then act out similar conversations
with the information from the box.
A: Uh, do you have a minute? I need your advice on something.
B: Sure. What can I help you with?
A: Some friends of mine are coming to town for the weekend,
and I don’t have any idea where to take them.
B: I’d suggest going to the flea market.
A: That’s a good idea. I hadn’t thought of that.

Possible Expressions Some topics

I’d suggest…
Where to take your mother in law for her birthday.

What to wear for a wedding in the morning on the beach.

How about…?
What to cook for dinner for the person you are in love with.

What present to buy for a relative’s baby shower.

Have you tried…? How to get information about beautiful places in your country.

How to get out of your work earlier than usual.

2. Read the following add. Then rewrite the information in parentheses by changing
infinitives to gerunds or vice versa.

J. Alexander Careers Institute.

Training Courses and Seminars for the Career Person
(It’s important to make a good impression.) (Helping you do just
that is our business.)
We realize that (going on a big job interview can be frightening.)
(Knowing how to behave is essential,) but (it’s easier than you
think to present yourself well). Of course you need the basic skills
for the job you want, but beyond those we’ve found that:

(It’s important to write a good résumé.) (It’s essential to learn to

express yourself with confidence.) (It’s vital to look like the right
person for the job.)

We will show you how to do all this and more.

Remember, (it can be the beginning of a bright new future to take a
course at J. Alexander Career Institute.) Register now, and look
forward to success. 19

3. Answer the following questions, starting with a gerund. Give long answers.

a) What makes you nervous?

b) What’s something you find difficult?

c) What’s something you’ve never enjoyed?

d) What’s something you don’t think you’ll be able to do?

e) What gets you happy?

f) What’s something you’ve always enjoyed?

g) What makes you feel enthusiastic?

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 Exercise 6
What might have been

• we could sit and talk about

• the best days
• my mind
• it’s a beautiful night
• a good life
Listen!
• we should just say good bye
• we have taken
• we’ll never know
• we can’t go back again
• we’ll have to leave them in the past
• there’s no way to know
1. Write the missing word or words.

Sure I think about you now and then ___________________________

But it's been a long long time There's no use giving in
I've got __________ now I've moved on And there's no way to know
So when you cross ______________ What might have been

I try not to think about That same old look in your eyes
What might have been _________________________
'Cause that was then I'm so tempted to stay
And _________________ different roads But too much time has gone by
We can't go back again _________________________
There's no use giving in And turn and walk away
And ____________________
What might have been And try not to think about
What might have been
________________ this all night long 'Cause that was then
And wonder why we didn't last And we have taken different roads
Yes they might be _______________ We can't go back again
We will ever know There's no use giving in
But __________________________ And there's no way to know
What might have been
So try not to think about
What might have been No ______________________
'Cause that was then What might have been.
And we have taken different roads
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 Chapter 3
Exercise 1
We don’t have to wear a uniform here
1. Complete the following sentences with must, mustn’t, must have, can’t have, had to,
can’t, don’t have to. Look at the examples.

• I must finish this report tomorrow. (It’s extremely important.) (Obligation)

• I have to meet Jim at seven.
• We mustn’t call Sara so early
• We don’t have to call Sara so early.
• I had to stay at home last night to study
• He is never absent, he must be sick.
• The restaurant is dark, it can’t be open.
• He didn’t go. He must have been sick.
• He didn’t arrive. He can’t have
understood your directions.
(I don’t want to be late) (Less forceful than must)
(We might wake her up) (Prohibition)
(She’ll be home later) (Unnecessary)
(Obligation – past of must)
(Logical conclusion in the present)
(Logical conclusion in the present)
(Logical conclusion in the past)
(Logical conclusion in the past)

a) We ______________________ (try) to speak quietly because Tom is sleeping.

b) Carol reacted very violent something ______________________________ (bother) her.
c) I _______________________ (leave) any later than five because Paul is coming over at six.
d) Katy got home late because she ___________________ (take) the bus. Her car broke down.
e) You ________________________ (call) between eight and nine because I was home the rest
of the evening.
f) Danny _______________________ (remember) who I am because he hasn’t said hello.
g) Peter and Tom ____________________ (forget) to meet us because they’re always on time.
h) Charlie _______________________ (cancel) his trip to London because he couldn’t get a
passport in time. He was so disappointed.
i) I _________________________ (work) late last night because I finished all my work early.
j) You were excellent in the concert, you ______________________________ (practice) a lot.
k) Tom is really late something ________________________________ (happen).
l) Tiffany is not here. She ______________________________ (get) my message.
m)People ___________________________ (throw) garbage in the street.
n) That watch is so nice it _________________________ (be) very expensive.
o) Tania ___________________________ (eat) anything, that’s why she was feeling bad.

22

 Exercise 2
The most rewarding thing about helping people

1. !Listen to people talk about their volunteer work. What kind of work do they do?
Write the names in the sentences below

“The most rewarding thing “One of the rewards of working

about helping these people is with these people is
learning from their years of experiencing their youthful
experience.” energy and playfulness.”
-Paul -Mariela

“One the most difficult aspects of “The most challenging thing about
working abroad is being far away from working with these people is determining
my family.” their different strengths and weaknesses.”
-Shao-fang -Jack

Listen!
1. ________________________ teaches in a developing country.
2. ________________________ tutors in an adult literacy program.
3. ________________________ visits senior citizens in a nursing home.
4. ________________________ plays games with children in an orphanage.

2. Which kind of volunteer work would you prefer to do?

What do you think would be rewarding or challenging about it?

23

 3. Pair work. Match the questions and responses. Then ask and answer the questions.
Respond using a complex noun phrase followed by a gerund.

Questions Responses

1. What’s one of the rewards of being a. Dealing with life-or-death situations

a teacher? _____
2. What’s one of the most difficult things about
being an emergency-room nurse? _____
3. What’s one of the best things about being a
police officer? _____
4. What’s one of the most interesting aspects
of working abroad? _____
5. What’s one of the most difficult aspects
of doing volunteer work? _____
every day.
b. Finding enough time to do it on a regular basis.
c. Learning how people in other cultures live and
think.
d. Helping people learn things that they couldn’t
learn on their own.
e. Getting to know people from all parts of society
f. Not being distracted by household chores or
hobbies.

A: What’s one of the rewards of being a teacher?

B: One of the rewards of being a teacher is helping people learn things that they
couldn’t’ learn on their own.

4. Group work. Ask the questions in part A again and answer with your own ideas.

5. !Listen to these people talk about their work. What is the biggest challenge of
each person’s job? What is the greatest reward? Complete the chart.

Biggest challenge Greatest reward

1. Psychologist
2. Camp counselor
3. Fire- ghter

Listen!

24
fi

 Exercise 3
I love finding solutions to problems

1. How true are these statements for you? Complete the quiz.
Then add two more items about yourself.

De nitely 
 Generally 
 Sometimes 


Personality Quiz true true true
1. I enjoy walking on the beach at sunset.
2. I avoid showing others what I’m feeling.
3. I can’t stand waiting for people.
4. I like to make a daily schedule.
5. I love nding solutions to problems.
6. I enjoy spending hours on the phone.
7. I don’t mind listening to people’s problems.
8. I like to have lots of friends.
9. I love to accomplish goals.
10. I’m interested in visiting unusual places.
11
12

2. Pair work Compare your responses to the quiz. How are they different?

25
fi
fi
 3. Group work Join another pair. Use the statements in Exercise 1 to explain these
personality traits. Give additional examples.
adventurous impatient practical romantic sympathetic
ambitious organized reserved sociable talkative

Example: A romantic person is the kind of person who enjoys walking on the beach at
sunset and dreaming about the future.

4. What do you have in common? Pair work Choose another partner.

Find two personality traits that you have in common. Find one way that you’re different.

Agreeing Disagreeing

So am I. ( I am, too) That’s not true for me.

I’m exactly the same way. I’m not at all like that.

So do I. (I do, too) Really? I don’t

Neither can I. (I can’t either.) Oh, I can

A: So, tell me about yourself.

B: Well, I’m pretty reserved.
A: Really? So am I. I like spending time by myself.
B: I do too. I love ...

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 Exercise 4
I hate waiting for people

1. Look at these verb patterns:

Gerunds

A gerund always follows these verbs. An infinitive or gerund can follow these verbs.
I enjoy meeting unusual people. I like going/to go to parties.
I dislike spending a lot of time by myself. I love watching/to watch movies alone.
I don’t mind waiting for people I hate waiting/to wait for people
I avoid talking on the phone. I can’t stand staying/ to stay home alone.

A gerund is often the object of a preposition

I’m interested in meeting unusual people.

2. Pair work How do you feel about these things? Write sentences using gerunds
or infinitives from the grammar box. Then discuss with a partner.

a) talk on the phone I love to talk on the phone for hours.

b) go to big parties
c) eat a lot of junk food
d) learn about computers
e) go to places where I have to use my English
f) meet people from different cultures
g) talk about my private life with my friends
h) date someone who likes to dress differently

I hate going to big parties because I’m shy. I never know what to say.
I love to eat a lot of junk food, especially when I go to the movies.

27

 4. !Listen to how Luis, Celine, and Diana have changed in the last five years. Why did
they decide to change? Complete the chart.

Luis Celine Diana

Used to be

Change

Reason

5. !Listen again. What does each person still want to change?

Luis Celine Diana

Wants to
change

Listen!

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 Exercise 5
What’s an advantage of having a large family?
1. Group work. Look at these different types of families. Can you explain what these terms
mean? What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of family?

An extended family A nuclear family A single parent family A bicultural family

Ex: An advantage of having an extended family is that you always have a baby-sitter in the house.

2. Pair work. What’s your family like? Choose at least five questions to discuss.
What type of family do you come from?
What’s something unusual or special about your family?
What are some rules that people have to follow in your family?
How does your family celebrate birthdays?
Is there a holiday your family always celebrates together?
Who do you talk to in your family when you have a problem?
What’s the best thing about spending time with your family? What’s the worst thing?
If you have any brothers or sisters, what things do you enjoy doing together? Listen!
Do you have a close relationship with the other members of your family?
What’s an advantage of being close to one’s family?
Who takes care of the children in your family?

3 ! Listen to Paul and Andrea talking about their families. What are two things that are
different about their families? Complete the chart.

Paul Andrea
1

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 Exercise 6
My most positive quality!

1. The main idea is usually found in the first sentence of the paragraph. This sentence
is called the topic sentence. Underline the main idea in each of these paragraphs.
Then compare with a partner.

I think my most positive quality is that I’m very practical. I’m the kind of person who
enjoys solving difficult problems, and I love discovering solutions to things. People always
come to me when they don’t know how to fix something. For example, two days ago my
father’s computer suddenly stopped working, and he asked me to figure out the problem. His
computer is a powerful one. It took me only 15 minutes. I loved every minute of it.

My most negative quality is that I’m an extremely disorganized person. My apartment is

always a mess, and I can never find anything, which is very frustrating. My sister is very
neat. Last week I finished my homework assignment and then misplaced it. I couldn’t find it
in all the clutter, so I had to redo it! My disorganization is getting to be a big problem in my
life. I’d love to change, but I don’t really know where to begin.

2. Read the paragraphs again. Is there any information that doesn’t relate to the main
idea of the paragraph? Cross it out. Then compare with a partner.

30

3. Think about your own positive and negative qualities. Make a list. Then decide
which quality is most positive and which is most negative. Circle each one.

4. Write a paragraph about either your most positive or your most negative quality.
Make sure your paragraph has only one main idea.

31
 Chapter 4
Exercise 1
I’ve managed to get good grades

1. ! Listen and practice

Uncle Ed: Happy birthday, Alison! So, how does it feel to be 21?
Alison: Kind of strange. I suddenly feel a little anxious, like
I’m not moving ahead fast enough.
Uncle Ed: But don’t you think you’ve accomplished quite a bit
in the last few years?
Alison: Oh, I’ve managed to get good grades, but I still
haven’t been able to decide on a career.
Uncle Ed: Well, what do you hope you’ll have achieved by
the time you’re 30?
Alison: For one thing, I hope I’ll have seen more of the
world. But more important than that, I’d like to
have made a good start on my career by then.

Listen!
2. Class activity. How similar are you to Alison? Are you satisfied with your
accomplishments so far? What do you want to accomplish next?

3. GRAMMAR FOCUS Accomplishments and goals

Accomplishments with the present goals with the future perfect or

Perfect or simple past would like to have + past participle

I’ve managed to get good grades. What do you hope you’ll have achieved?
( I managed to ....) I hope I’ll have seen more of the world.
I’ve been able to accomplish a lot in college I’d like to have made a good start on my career
(I was able to...)

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 5. What are some goals you would like to have accomplished in the future?
Complete the sentences.

1. One goal I’d like to have reached by next year is ...

2. In the next three years, I hope I’ll have ....
3. In ten years, I’d like to have ...
4. By the time I’m 60, I’d like to have ....

6. Group work Compare your sentences in parts 4 and 5.

What accomplishments do you have in common? What goals?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Exercise 2
An advantage of having a nuclear family is…

1. Grammar focus. NOUN CLAUSES AFTER BE

That in noun clauses after be is optional. Notice the prepositions that are used with the
following nouns.

An advantage of having an older brother is (that) you always have someone to

help you.
The best thing about having brothers and sisters is (that) you’re never lonely.
A problem with having lots of brothers and sisters is (that) you don’t get a very
big allowance.

2. Complete these sentences. Then compare with a partner.

a) An advantage of having an extended family is ....

b) The worst thing about being a parent is ...
c) The best thing about having a nuclear family is ....
d) A disadvantage of being an only child is ....
e) The worst thing about living near your parents is ...
f) A problem with being the oldest child is ...
g) The best thing about having a supportive family is ...

3. Now combine these sentences, and complete them. Then compare with a partner.
a) I’m the most talkative person in my family. It’s an advantage.
An advantage of being the most talkative person in your family is that you get a lot of
attention.

b) I’m the youngest in my family. It’s disadvantage.

c) I’m a twin. It’s an advantage.

d) I have young parents. It’s an advantage.

e) I work in the family business. It’s a disadvantage.

f) I live alone. It’s a problem.

g) I have a large family. It’s a disadvantage.

34

 4. Read the results of this survey question. What do you think? Write two
advantages and two disadvantages of living away from one’s parents.

Do you think children should live away

from their parents after age 18?
Yes 69% No 29%
Not sure 2%

5. Check the sentences that apply to you.

1. Our family always discusses problems frankly when they come up.
2. My parents were very strict when I was a child.
3. Both my parents have always worked.
4. I don’t live with my parents.
5. I got along with my brothers and sisters when we were young.
6. I never share personal secrets with my brothers and sisters.
7. I always talk to my parents before making major decisions.
8. I don’t plan to follow in my parent’s footsteps.

6. Group work Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the situations you
checked in Exercise 5.

35

 Exercise 3
Identifying topic sentences

Grammar point

The topic sentence contains the main idea and states belief or opinion.
The rest of the sentences in the paragraph support this belief or opinion.

1. Read this paragraph. Then choose the best topic sentence from the three choices.
How did you make your choice?

➢ The library should get new computers.

➢ Students are not accustomed to using computers
➢ Students should have access to the Internet.

______________________________________. These days, the

Internet has become an essential tool for students. Using the
Internet, students are able to get up-to-date information from a
variety of sources including books, magazines, reference
libraries, newspapers, and photo libraries. Also, students can join
on-line discussion groups to talk to experts about subjects they’re
interested in. I belong to an Internet discussion group on
computer games. Students shouldn’t have to go to a special
library or computer lab to use the Internet. It should be
available to all students at all times.

2. Read the paragraph again. Is there any information that doesn’t explain
the main idea of the paragraph? Cross it out. Then compare with a partner.

36

3. Choose one of these topic sentences. Write a paragraph to support your belief.
Make certain your sentences all give good reasons for your opinion.

o I think / don’t think schools ought to pay teachers higher salaries.

o Students should / shouldn’t have to study a foreign language.
o I think / don’t think students should be required to take physical education
o I believe schools should / shouldn’t place a lot of emphasis on music and art.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Pair work: Exchange your paragraph with a partner, and answer these questions.

1. Write a title for your partner’s paragraph. How did you come up with your title?

2. Is there any information that doesn’t belong? Cross it out.

3. Do you have any questions about your partner’s ideas? What sentences do you agree with?
Are there any ideas that you don’t agree with?

37

 Exercise 4
Creating topic sentences

1. Look at this cluster diagram, and then read the paragraph. Which idea in the
diagram is the most general? Which idea does the writer choose for topic sentence?

Orlando is a vibrant city full of exciting activities. It has become a favorite destination of
vacationers from all over the world because of the amazing choice for both daytime and
nighttime amusement.
In fact, there are more than 60 attractions in the Orlando area. Nature lovers can go on
calming walks in a variety of parks and gardens.
Shoppers can nd one-of-a-kind boutiques, in addition to six shopping malls scattered
throughout the city. Sports enthusiasts will enjoy the many golf courses and the incredible
variety of beach and lake activities. The more than 2,000 restaurants, which range from
pizza shops to sushi bars, offer something for everyone.

38
fi
 2 Now choose a place you know, and make your own cluster diagram.
Decide which idea best summarizes the other idea, and use that idea to
write a topic sentence. Write a paragraph using that topic sentence.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3 Pair work Exchange your paragraph with a partner, and answer these questions.

1. Is there any information that doesn’t belong? Cross it out.

2. Would you like your partner to add more information?
3. Would you like to visit the place mentioned in your partner’s paragraph? Why or why not?

39

 Exercise 5
It’s my kind of city
1. What’s important when choosing a city to live in?
Rank these items from 1 to 5 (1= the most important).
_____ cost of living _____ crime rate
2. Pair work Read the descriptions of these two cities. Using the categories in
Exercise 1, which city do you think has more to offer?
If you’re looking for an exciting place with lots of
street life, consider moving to this city, where the
streets are filled all day, bars and nightclubs are
open until 4:00A.M., and the buses and subways
run all night. Most evenings you can choose from
among many concerts and plays or visit one of the
many museums that have late hours _________
There are lots of jobs for newcomers to the city,
and the average salary is around $2,500 per
month __________ And don’t forget to budget for
air-conditioning. The heat and humidity can be
quite
high in the summer ___________.
_____ jobs _____ nightlife _____ weather
If you want a large apartment in a picturesque
little spot in the mountains, move to this town,
where you can find a place for just $800 a month,
and average monthly salaries are around $2,000
_________ The weather is great, too, with
temperatures ranging from a low of 55ºF to a
high of 75ºF in the summer – not warm enough
to want to go to the nearest beach, located
200 miles away.
Transportation in town can be difficult, as there
is no subway, and buses run infrequently. You’ll
need a car not only for work and shopping, but
also to get to museums and concerts, all over 60
miles away __________.
40
 3. Pair work: Add these sentences to the descriptions in Exercise 2 where gaps are
indicated by (______).
Does the added information change your opinion about these cities?
a) On the other hand, the beach is only an hour’s train ride the city!
b) And even though you’ll feel safe on the streets at almost any hour, there’s not much action,
and you’ll probably prefer to curl up in front of the TV.
c) But be careful – in spite of all the late-night activity in the streets, the crime rate is high.
d) Unemployment, however, is quite high these days.
e) Just the same, you’ll need more than that to find a nice apartment – a two-bedroom apartment
costs on the average $2,000 per month.

4. Grammar focus.
Connecting contrasting ideas

There are a number of ways to connect two statements that give contrasting information.
In spite of/Despite the activity in the streets, the crime rate is high.
Even though/Although the streets are safe, you’ll prefer to spend evenings at home.
Monthly salaries are around $2,000. However, unemployment is quite high.
The average salary is $2,500 per month. Just the same/Nevertheless, housing is expensive.
The heat and humidity are high. On the other hand, the beach is only an hour away.

5. Choose the words in parentheses that describe your situation.

Then complete the sentences with your own information and opinions.

a. There are (many/few) job opportunities in my town. Nevertheless,…

__________________________________________________________________________
b. My city has (many/few) concerts. However,…
__________________________________________________________________________
c. I’d prefer living in a city located ( in the mountains/on the seashore), even though
__________________________________________________________________________
d. My city (offers/doesn’t offer) many different cultural activities. On the other hand,...
__________________________________________________________________________
e. I feel that the crime rate in my city is ( high/average/low). However,...
__________________________________________________________________________
f. The (winter/summer) weather in my town is very pleasant. Nevertheless,...
__________________________________________________________________________
g. There (is/isn’t) a lot of open space in my town. However,....
__________________________________________________________________________
h. I would really enjoy living in (a big city/a small town), in spite of ...
__________________________________________________________________________

41






6. ! Listening. What quality-of-life issues are these New Yorkers talking about?
How do they feel about them?
Listen!

Quality-of-life issues How they feel about it

Lindsay

Eric

42
 Exercise 6
The gift of a friend

Alone Beginning Alone Someone Hope Feel Heart Scared

The gift of a friend Sometimes Own Realize World

__________ You think You'll Be Fine by Yourself (Chorus)

‘Cause a Dream is a Wish You Make all _________
It’s Easy to Feel Like You Don’t Need a Help And When Your __________ Crashes Down
But It’s Harder To Walk On Your ________ Shattering To The Ground
You, You _________ All Alone
(Chorus) When You Don’t Know Which Way To Go
You'll Change Inside And There's No Signs Leading You Home
When You ____________ You're Not ___________
The World Comes To Life
and Everything’s Bright The ________Comes To Life
From __________To End and Everything’s Bright
When You Have a Friend by Your Side From Beginning To End
That Helps You To Find the Beauty You Are When You Have a Friend by Your Side
When You Open Your _________________ and That Helps You To Find the Beauty You Are
Believe in the Gift of a Friend, The Gift of a Friend When You'll Open Your Heart and
Believe In, When You Believe In
Someone Who knows When You Can Believe In _____________________
You’re Lost and You’re___________
There through The Highs and The Lows
____________ You Can Count On, Someone Who Cares Listen!
Beside You Wherever You’ll Go

43