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Extraction, Development, and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Oil Based

Liposome

Article  in  Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research (IJPR) · December 2020

DOI: 10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.03.145

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 ISSN 0975-2366
DOI:https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.03.145
Research Article

Extraction, Development, and Characterization of Tamarind

Seed Oil Based Liposome
ADITYA SINGH1, SHUBHRAT MAHESHWARI2
1
Integral University, Faculty of pharmacy Lucknow
2
SRMS CET [Pharmacy] Bareilly
Received: 13.01.20, Revised: 17.02.20, Accepted: 28.03.20

ABSTRACT
There are many issues with traditional drug supply networks, and most work has now moved from synthetic to
herbal medicines. Therefore, it would be a safer choice to switch to healthy, reliable and tested Ayurvedic herbal
medicines. Owing to the large variety of bioactive molecules and their higher safety margin, this is possible the
active component of the family Tamarind Indica (Tamarind), is based on this study. Oils are volatile in nature and
separated from the plant by plant organs such as seed. Liposomes encapsulating essential oils are promising agents
to treat topical diseases used useful in topical delivery which heal and treat acute and chronic diseases. As a
supplementary medicinal device, plant oils have also proven useful. Liposomes are targeted modified drug carrier
system which contains both water-soluble drug as well as oil-soluble drug. Liposomes are formulated by
cholesterol and natural nontoxic phospholipids. The concept of topical drug delivery emerged from the desire to
provide patients with more convenient means of taking their medication. The purpose of developing a dosage form
for a very quick onset of action, which is very convenient for the administration.
Keywords: Extraction, herbal, liposomes, encapsulation, antiaging activity.

INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS

Many articles have already published and authors Sample preparation
have registered their own work because it is a Collected the Tamarind seed and dried it [8]. Than
multipurpose tree and it has so many natural seed was crushed by using mortar pestle [9].
remedies [1]. This is a research article that targeted
Extraction method
the antiaging properties of Tamarind oil with
By using the Soxhlet extraction apparatus, the 10
targeted formulation [2]. And also describe the
gm of dry tamarind seed weighed and placed into
general use of a topical formulation of Tamarind oil
thimble-holder with cotton [10]. Then 300 ml of
like in Arthritis which is the most common in joints
petroleum ether (80-100) were placed into a round
pain and joint stiff [3]. A tamarind seed extract has
bottom flask and placed into the heating mantle
the medicinal properties to treat so many diseases
with temperature 200C and open water flow for
and it is full of antioxidant activity with the anti-
condenser from tap water continuously extraction
microbial properties [4]. It is best for diabetic
process for 6 hours[11]. After 6 hours oil was
patients to provide relief [5]. Tamarind used in
separated out from seed [12]. Then with the help of
chronic diarrhea and dysentery [6].
a rotatory evaporator, the mixture was rotated and
the solvent was separated out the oil from
petroleum ether within half an hour [13].

Fig.1: Complete assembly for extraction of tamarind seed oil having Soxhlet Apparatus; round bottom
flask on heating mantle

938| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jul - Sep 2020 | Vol 12 | Issue 3
 Aditya Singh et al / Extraction, Development, and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Oil Based Liposome

[A] [B]
Fig.2: Separation of Tamarind Seed oil by using Rotatory Evaporated[A] Rotatory evaporator, [B]
Tamarind seed oil
Formulation of Liposome with handshaking method tamarind oil were dissolved in to 5ml of
All three composition in a ratio 1:1:1 [cholesterol: chloroform[14]. Then transferred in to Round
soya lecithin :drug] were taken. 1gm of cholesterol bottom flask with proper handshaking for 1hour.
and 1 gm of soya lecithin were weighed and When thin layer deposit into the wall of RBF than
dissolved with 10 ml of chloroform with hydrated with buffer pH 6.8[15]. Liposome was
continuously mixing by using glass rod then 1ml of prepared and collected.

[A] [B]
Fig.3: [A] Process of Liposome by handshaking method [B] Liposome
Evaluation Parameter Integrated output (percentages) is the percentage of
Microscopy analysis- Liposomes were analyzed by total product quantity in the final wording. The
using microscope and images were taken to efficiency of incorporation is determined using the
examine microscopical structure of prepared following equation: [ (T-S)/T ] x100, where T is the
liposomes. total amount of oil in both the supernatant and the
sediment, S is that amount of oil found in the
Determination of Rheological properties[16]
supernatant obtained after ultra-centrifugation.
By the help of Brookfield viscometer the viscosity
Encapsulation efficiency is usually derived from
was determined 4, 8, 12 at 30 rpm, 60rpm, and
spectrophotometric methods.
90rpm for 1 min at room temperature.
Zeta potential studies [21]
pH [17]
The Zeta potential of an particle is known as the
The weight and dissolution was approx. 0.5 g of the
total charging of a particle in a particular medium,
topical preparation in 50 ml distilled water and its
and a zeta potential calculation for colloidal
pH was measured.
structures can be used if the stability of the particle
Homogeneity [18] is lower than zeta is zero.
With the help of visual appearance and touch the
In vitro Diffusion studies [22]
homogeneity was tested.
By using Franz cell diffusion or egg membrane to
Appearance [19] perform the diffusion study by using buffer take at
The appearance was judged by its colour, least 6 samples for dilution study. 1 ml sample and
roughness and graded. 10 ml buffer 6 times per 10 mint.
Encapsulation efficiency [20]
RESULTS

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 Aditya Singh et al / Extraction, Development, and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Oil Based Liposome

Microscopic image observation stored at 4 oC

…
[A] [B] [C]
Fig.4: Microscopic image of liposomes at [A] 1st day [B] 2nd day [C] 3rd day
Calibration curve of Tamarind seed oil
Table 1: Standard Calibration Curve data of Tamarind oil
Concentration(µg/ml) Absorbance
0.25 0.0155
0.5 0.0682
0.75 0.2069
1 0.3081
1.25 0.4359

Fig.4: Standard Calibration curve graph

pH Determination (at different temperature)
Table 2: pH data of liposomal formulation
Temperature(o C) pH
5 6.8
10 6.84
20 7.2
30 7.4

Drug entrapment efficiency of liposomes

Table 3: DEE data of liposomal formulation
Formulations Absorbance Drug entrapment
efficiency
F 0.4873nm 68.40%

In vitro drug release study

Table 4: In vitro drug release data of liposomal formulation

940| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jul - Sep 2020 | Vol 12 | Issue 3
 Aditya Singh et al / Extraction, Development, and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Oil Based Liposome

Formulation [F]
Hrs. % release
1 18.60%
2 23.70%
3 28.25%
4 31.30%
5 37.10%
6 44.45%

ZETA POTENTIAL and SEM Analysis

[A]
Fig.5: [A] Zeta potential [B] SEM image
DISCUSSION
1. Drug entrapment was found to be 68.40%.
2. Invitro drug released was found to be 44.45%.
3. pH was found to be nearly 6.8 which is neutral.
4. Liposomes were found to stable under cool
temperature.
5. Zone of Inhibition was found to be 19.24 mm
after 24 hrs.
6. The spreadability was found to be 13.33
gm.cm/sec.
CONCLUSION
The development of Tamarind seed oil-based
Liposomes is to target so many applications like to
treat the aging problems and provide the
antioxidant activity in topical preparations. Essential
oils are used by making the modified drug delivery
in the form of liposomal formulation enhances its
activity and also improves its stability problem.
Sometimes essential oils also work like a carrier
which helped to reach the drug at a particular and
a targeted site.
Conflicts of Interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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