09963 ECE 212B

10:30-1:00(MW)
10:30-11:30(F)

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____/____/____

Course & Year: _______________________________
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

Basics of Electronics

 Capacitance
o property of an electric conductor, or set of conductors, that is measured by the amount of separated  electric
charge that can be stored on it per unit change in electrical potential.
 Current-electric current
o  where the charge carriers are electrons, is a measure of the quantity of charge passing any point of the
wire per unit of time. 
 Decibel, dB
o unit for expressing the ratio between two physical quantities, usually amounts of acoustic or electric power,
or for measuring the relative loudness of sounds.
 Inductance
o A steady current produces a stationary magnetic field; a steadily changing current, alternating current, or
fluctuating direct current produces a varying magnetic field, which, in turn, induces an electromotive force in
a conductor that is present in the field.
o .
 Kirchoff’s Law
o for current and voltage lie at the heart of circuit analysis.
o says that the sum of all currents flowing into a node equals the sum of currents flowing out of the node. 

 Noise-electrical & RF

o comes in many forms (It can be generated in many ways and noise can affect electronic and radio
frequency, RF circuits and systems.)
o a key attribute for any system. In many cases it can govern the whole system performance.

 Avalanche noise
 This occurs in semiconductor junctions when the carriers in a high voltage gradient
develop sufficient energy to dislodge additional carriers through physical impact.

 Burst noise
 It appears as of sudden step transitions between different level which can manifest itself as
a transient at the output of the electronic equipment.

 Flicker noise
 This type of noise occurs in almost all electronic devices. It has a variety of causes, each
related to the direct current flow.

 Phase noise
 Phase noise can degrade the bit error rate, as the noise can disrupt the phase changes
that indicate the state of the data to be transmitted.

 Shot noise
 is a form of noise that arises because of the discrete nature of the charges carried by
charge carriers, electrons or holes.

 Thermal noise
 This noise is a major form of noise experienced in low noise amplifiers and the like.
 To reduce it, very high-performance amplifiers, e.g. those used for radio astronomy, etc.,
have been operated at very low temperatures.

 Ohm’s Law
 09963 ECE 212B
10:30-1:00(MW)
10:30-11:30(F)

o is a formula used to calculate the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in an electrical
circuit.
o Named for German physicist Georg Ohm (1789-1854), Ohm's Law addresses the key quantities at work in
circuits:

 Power- Electrical power

o energy generated through the conversion of other forms of energy, such as mechanical, thermal,
or chemical energy.

 Q, quality factor
o The quality factor Q for the circuit is the electric energy stored in the circuit divided by the energy dissipated
in one period.

 Resistance
o involves collisions of the current-carrying charged particles with fixed particles that make up the structure of
the conductors.

 Resistivity
o electrical resistance of a conductor of unit cross-sectional area and unit length. A characteristic property of
each material, resistivity is useful in comparing various materials on the basis of their ability to conduct
electric currents.

 Semiconductors
o any of a class of crystalline solids intermediate in electrical conductivity between a  conductor and
an insulator.
o are employed in the manufacture of various kinds of electronic devices, including diodes, transistors,
and integrated circuits.
 Transformers
o is an electrical device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to transfer energy from one
electric circuit to another.

 Voltage- potential difference

o A potential difference of one Volt is equal to one Joule of energy being used by one Coulomb of charge
when it flows between two points in a circuit.

 Waveforms
o The waveform describes the shape of one cycle of the voltage or current. Current can be generated as an
alternating current (AC), where the direction of the current flow alternates around zero with positive and
negative direction