UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSITITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (MITEC)

HYDROCARBON CHEMISTRY (JOB 20503)

LAB REPORT
EXPERIMENT 2 (BAEYER TEST)

GROUP : BPOS20/2

1. 2. 3.

N0. NAME ID COURSE

1. JURIATUL ASMIRA BINTI MAH HASSAN 57216120312 BPOS

2. NUR QURRATU AINI BINTI ABDULLAH 57216120463 BPOS

3. SITI KHAIRUNNUR BINTI LADERLAH 57216120359 BPOS

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO. CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

1 Summary 1

2 Objective 2

3 Introduction 3-4

4 Result and Discussion 5-6

5 Conclusion and Recommendations 7-8

6 Tutorial 9

7 References 10

8 Appendixes 11 - 13
 1.0 SUMMARY

The aim of this experiment is to determine the two hydrocarbons reaction of Potassium
Permanganate and concentrated Acid Sulphuric with hexane, cylclohexene and toluene. This
experiment is also called as Baeyer test.

Thus, in this experiment, we will see how these two hydrocarbons reaction, potassium
permanganate and acid sulphuric contact with hexane, cyclohexene and toluene.

1
 2.0 OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the hydrocarbon reaction of potassium permanganate with alkane, alkene

and aromatic compounds
2. To determine the hydrocarbon reaction of sulphuric acid with alkane, alkene and
aromatic compounds

2
 3.0 INTRODUCTION

Baeyer test is alkaline potassium permanganate. In this test, the pink-purple colour of
potassium permanganate disappears when an alkaline potassium permanganate is added to an
unsaturated hydrocarbon. The disappearance of pink-purple colour may take place with or
without the formation of brown precipitate of manganese oxide. The reaction is important
because it doesn’t work on alkanes (compounds with carbon-carbon single bonds) or aromatic
compounds.

The Baeyer reagent is a cold dilute aqueos solution of potassium permanganate which is a deep
purple colour. Potassium permanganate does not react with alkanes because they are satura

ted (single bonds which are all taken, and they bond is stable). So, when it is added to alkanes
the purple colour does not change. However, when it is added to an alkene, the purple colour
slowly disappears and a brown MnO2 precipitate forms. The appearance of the brown
precipitate indicates a positive test for unsaturation.

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 Purple colour dilutes to light purple = SATURATED

Purple colour disappears and brown precipitate forms = UNSATURATED

Although alkanes are inert to cold, concentrated sulphuric acid, alkenes react by addition. The
product, alkyl hydrogen sulphate, is soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. Alkanes do not
react. Aromatic hydrocarbon reacts quite slowly at room temperature.

Nonpolar and not capable of

Polar and capable of
hydrogen bonding; does not Polar and capable
hydrogen bonding
dissolve in H2SO4 of hydrogen
bonding; soluble
in H2SO4

4
 4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Observation Result
Chemical Potassium Potassium Sulphuric
Sulphuric Acid
Permanganate Permanganate Acid

Negative reaction
Hexane (no changes the Negative reaction
C6H14 purple colour of (no changes)
KMnO4)

Positive reaction Positive reaction

Cyclohexene (the purple colour of (the clear changes
C6H10 KMnO4 changes to to high brown
medium brown) colour)

Positive reaction
Negative reaction
(the clear changes
Toluene (no changes the
to low brown
C7H8 purple colour of
colour – react
KMnO4)
slowly)

5
As this our result, potassium permanganate reacts with anything unsaturated. Potassium
permanganate reacts with alkenes to form vicinal diols, while also react with alkyl benzene,
such as toluene, to form benzoic acids. Although, it may no any reaction will take place without
adding heat. However, alkanes (hexane) won’t react with potassium permanganate.

Sulphuric acid reacts with both alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons, although different ways.
Even so, sulphuric acid won’t react with alkane (hexane).

6
 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In conclusion, at the end of this experiment, we can see how the hydrocarbon reaction
potassium permanganate and sulphuric acid with hexane, cyclohexene and toluene. Our
objectives for this experiment are achieved. This can be seen where the results of this
experiment show the accurate and tally to our observations. Where potassium permanganate
will react with alkene and aromatic compound. But not react with alkane. Besides, alkene and
aromatic compound only with get positive reaction with sulphuric acid.

In a nutshell, we found out that alkane contains strong carbon-carbon single bond and strong
carbon-hydrogen bonds. Both of these bonds are nonpolar. Thus, alkanes are stable compounds
and are generally unreactive.

For this experiment’s recommendation, during this experiment we are facing quite difficult to
sure for dissolving potassium permanganate as we used to be powder. So, to dissolve it in
water, the solution should be a pink colour.

During the experiment, first we had 100ml of water in a beaker, and mass to 0.4g of potassium
permanganate. Second try, we had 100ml of water, and mass to 0.004g of potassium
permanganate. Therefore, there were different concentration of solution.

7
Secondly, handling the sulphuric acid is quite dangerous as it was concentrated and should
away from direct sunlight and heat sources. The sulphuric acid should not be stored indoor in
large quantities, to prevent possible accumulation of vapors. Exposure to this acid can occur as
skin contact, ingestion or inhalation of vapors.

8
6.0 TUTORIAL

9
 7.0 REFERENCES

Chemistry 102 - Experiment 2. (n.d.). 403 - Forbidden: Access is

denied. https://home.miracosta.edu/dlr/102exp2.htm

(n.d.). Laney College | Dream. Flourish. Succeed. - Laney College Laney

College. https://laney.edu/cheli-fossum/wp-content/uploads/sites/210/2012/01/5-

Reactions-of-Hydrocarbons.pdf

Properties of hydrocarbons. (n.d.). MendelSet | Organic Chemistry Practice Problems and

Problem Sets. https://www.mendelset.com/articles/689/properties_hydrocarbons#5

(n.d.). The Public Authority for Applied Education and

Training. https://www.paaet.edu.kw/mysite/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=2kjjKCWEjuc

%3D&tabid=2199&mid=3424&language=en-US

Q & A: Baeyerâ??s test. (n.d.). Physics Van | Department of Physics | University of Illinois

at Urbana-

Champaign. https://van.physics.illinois.edu/QA/listing.php?id=505&t=baeyer%E2%

80%99s-test

Reactions of alkenes with sulfuric acid. (2020, July 14). Chemistry

LibreTexts. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplement

al_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Reactions/Addition_Reactions/Electrophilic_Addi

tion_Reactions/Reactions_of_Alkenes_with_Sulfuric_Acid

10
 APPENDIX

Procedures;
1. Prepared the materials and apparatus
a. Weight 0.004g of potassium permanganate
b. Dissolved to 100ml of water in a beaker

c. Pour a little of sulphuric acid to beaker

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2. Labelled the six-test tube from A to F

3. Added 1ml of hexane, cyclohexane and toluene to separate test tubes. (Hexane, test
tube A and D, Cyclohexane, test tube B and E, and Toluene, test tube C and F)

4. Added 2-3 drops of 0.5 % potassium permanganate solution to test tube of A, B and E

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5. Added 2-3 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to test tube of D, E and F

6. Waited in 5 minutes
7. Observed the results, including the colour changes, whether the liquid mixture
remains clear, or temperature changes

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