To Be Verb Second Lesson (2nd)

AFFIRMATIVE FORM LONG SHORT FORM

PRONOU VERB COMPLEMENT PRONOUN + COMPLEMENT
N TO BE TOBE VEBR
I AM happy I’M happy
YOU ARE nice YOU’RE nice
HE IS angry HE’S angry
SHE IS six years old SHE’S six years old
IT IS yellow IT’S yellow
WE ARE rich WE’RE rich
YOU ARE poor YOU’RE poor
THEY ARE cold THEY’RE cold

NEGATIVE FORM LONG SHORT FORM

PRONOUN NEGATIVE COMPLEMENT
PRONOUN VERB NOT COMPLEMENT
TO BE VERB
TO BE
I AM NOT tall
I AM NOT tall
YOU AREN’T ugly
YOU ARE NOT ugly
HE ISN’T sad
HE IS NOT sad
SHE ISN’T two years old
SHE IS NOT two years old
IT ISN’T blue
IT IS NOT blue
WE AREN’T old
WE ARE NOT old
YOU AREN’T young
YOU ARE NOT young
THEY AREN’T sick
THEY ARE NOT sick

Interrogative form

VERBTO BE PRONOUN COMPLEMENT Query

AM I tall ?
ARE YOU ugly ?
IS HE sad ?
IS SHE two years old ?
IS IT blue ?
ARE WE old ?
ARE YOU young ?
ARE THEY sick ? 8
 Infinitive
TO BE SER / ESTAR
form

(present: am, are, is.) (saltar) TO JUMP I JUMP

(querer) TO WANT I WANT

AM I
ARE YOU / WE / THEY (dormir) TO SLEEP I SLEEP
IS HE / SHE / IT
Infinitive form conjugated in present

I am I am here. I am I am a person.

You are You are here. You are You are a Teacher.

He/She/It is She is here. He/She/It is She is a girl.
We are We are here. We are We are people.

They are They are here. They are They are students

Exercise: Complete the sentences make questions and answer them affirmatively or
negatively.
Example:
You _______ a girl. You __ARE__ a girl.
Are you a girl?
Yes, I am a girl.
No, I am not a girl.

Joan and Carl _____ women.

An apple ______ a fruit.

You _____ a boy.

9
A car and a truck fruits.

You and I _____ people.

Peter _____ a man.

Tim and I _____ animals.

Demonstrative Pronouns

This * For people or things that are near to the speaker (listener), to
talk about things that are near in time (this summer, this week).
* To introduce someone or on the phone to introduce yourself.
Singular is
That * For people or things that are not near to the speaker (listener),
to talk about things that are further away in time.
* To refer back to something that has just happened.

These * For people or things that are near to the speaker (listener).
* To talk about things that are near in time.

Plural are
Those * For people or things that are not near us.
* To talk about things that are further away in time.

Example:

 Is this a cow? / This is a cow.  Is that a clock? / That is a clock.

 Are these cars? / These are cars.  Are those markers? / Those are markers.
10
 Exercise: Add the demonstrative pronoun and the verb to be to the following sentences.

____ ___ a car.  

______ ____ a bike. 

         
______ _____ colors.
 

______ _____ books. 

______ _____ a ball. 

_____ _____ shoes. 

______ _____ a mouse.

______ _____ snakes.

                             

______ _____ birds.

______ _____ a cat. 

 

______ _____ apples. 

______ _____ a banana.

11
 _sharpener _ pencil _schoolbag _pen
Ar

Er

Ir

_book _notebook _eraser _color

_clock _marker _chalk _paper

_compass _briefcase _pencil holder _blackboard

_whiteboard _mechanical pencil _ruler _globe

_scissorcs _crayon _paintbrusch _paint

12
 _map _glue _folder _clip

_stapler _calendar _staple _unpinner

_computer _laptop _printer _pendrive

_radio _TV _phone _calculator

_drinking fountain _desk _chair _table

_fan _air conditioner _wastebasket _door

13
 _window _curtain _floor

_wall _ceiling _light

Exercise: Complete the sentences make questions and answer them affirmatively and negatively.

 This is a TV.  That ___ a pendrive.

Is this a TV?
Yes, This is a TV.
No, this isn’t a TV.

 These ___ pencil holders.  This ___ a laptop.

 Those ___ calculators.  That ___ a window.

 Those ___ stapler removers.  These ___ fans.

14
 Traducciones
Pronombres demostrativos

Esto(a) * Para personas o cosas que están cerca del hablante (oyente), para hablar sobre cosas que
están cerca en el tiempo (este verano, esta semana).
* Para presentar a alguien o en el teléfono para presentarse asimismo.

Eso (a) aquello (a) * Para personas o cosas que no están cerca del hablante (oyente), para hablar
sobre cosas que están más lejos en el tiempo.
* Para referirse a algo que acaba de suceder.

Estos(as) * Para personas o cosas que están cerca del hablante (oyente).
* Hablar de cosas que se acercan en tiempo.

Esos(as) aquellos(as) * Para personas o cosas que no están cerca de nosotros.

* Para hablar de cosas que están más lejos en el tiempo.