Higher Nationals in Computing

Unit 16: Cloud Computing

ASSIGNMENT 1

Learner’s name: DANG AN THANH

ID: GCS190644
Class: GCS0805A_PPT
Subject code: 1644
Assessor name: NGUYEN NGOC TU

Assignment due: 2 0 / 0 6 / 2 0 2 1 . Assignment submitted: 1 9 / 0 6 / 2 0 2 1

 ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 16: Cloud computing
Submission date 19/06/2021 Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name Dang An Thanh Student ID GCS190644

Class GCS0805A_PPT Assessor name Nguyen Ngoc Tu

Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature THANH
Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1
❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Signature & Date:

 ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number Unit 16: Cloud computing

Assignment title Cloud Computing Solutions

Academic Year 2018 – 2019

Unit Tutor DO Quoc Binh

Issue date Submission date 19/06/2021

IV name and date

Submission Format:

Format: The submission is in the form of 1 document

You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at
1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference
follows Harvard referencing system.
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the
Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly,
and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and its architectures.
LO2 Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological drivers of Cloud Computing and
validate their use.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Scenario
ATN is a Vietnamese company which is selling toys to teenagers in many provinces all over Vietnam. The
company has the revenue over 500.000 dollars/year. Currently each shop has its own database to store
transactions for that shop only. Each shop has to send the sale data to the board director monthly and the
board director need lots of time to summarize the data collected from all the shops. Besides the board can’t
see the stock information update in real time.

The table of contents in your technical report should be as follows:

1. Explain to the board director the fundamentals of cloud computing and how it is popular nowadays
(500 words)
2. Persuade the board director to use Cloud Computing in ATN (300 words)
3. Proposed solution (higher level solution description – around 200 words).
4. Explain the appropriateness of the solution for the scenario (350 words with images and diagrams).
5. Architectural design (architectural diagram and description).
6. Detailed design:
a. Deployment model (discussion on why that model was chosen).
b. Service model (discussion on why that model was chosen).
c. Programming language/ webserver/database server chosen.
7. Summary.
 Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud

Computing and its architectures
P1 Analyse the evolution and
fundamental concepts of Cloud
Computing.
LO1 & 2
M1 Discuss why an organisation
D1 Justify the tools chosen to
should migrate to a Cloud
realise a Cloud Computing
Computing solution.
solution.

P2 Design an appropriate
architectural Cloud Computing
framework for a given scenario.

LO2 Evaluate the deployment models, service models and

technological drivers of Cloud Computing and validate their use

P3 Define an appropriate M2 Demonstrate these

deployment model for a given deployment models with real
scenario. world examples.

P4 Compare the service models

for choosing an adequate model
for a given scenario.
 Table of Contents
Unit 16: Cloud Computing ASSIGNMENT 1.........................................................................................1
P1 Analyse the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing..........................................1
1. Report on the evolution of computing focusing on the networking paradigm.........................1
1.1. Peer – to – peer Computing...................................................................................................1
1.2. Client-Server Computing........................................................................................................2
1.3. Distributed Computing..........................................................................................................2
1.4. Cluster Computing..................................................................................................................3
1.5. High- Performance Computing..............................................................................................3
1.6. Parallel Computing.................................................................................................................4
1.7. Grid Computing......................................................................................................................4
2. Popularity of cloud computing................................................................................................5
3. Persuade The Board Director to Use Cloud Computing in ATN................................................5
P2 Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario.................7
M1 Discuss why an organization should migrate to a Cloud Computing solution................................9
P3 Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario....................................................10
1. Private Cloud........................................................................................................................11
1.1. Advantages...........................................................................................................................12
1.2. Disadvantages......................................................................................................................12
1.3. Who’s it for?.........................................................................................................................12
2. Public cloud..........................................................................................................................13
2.1. Advantages...........................................................................................................................13
2.2. Disadvantages......................................................................................................................14
2.3. Who’s it for?.........................................................................................................................15
3. Community cloud.................................................................................................................15
3.1. Advantages...........................................................................................................................16
3.2. Disadvantages......................................................................................................................16
3.3. Who’s it for?.........................................................................................................................17
4. Hybrid cloud.........................................................................................................................17
4.1. Advantages...........................................................................................................................18
4.2. Disadvantages......................................................................................................................18
4.3. Who’s it for?.........................................................................................................................18
5. Chosen deployment model...................................................................................................18
P4 Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario.....................19
1. SaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)..........................................................................................22
1.1. Benefits.................................................................................................................................22
1.2. Why should one opt SaaS?..................................................................................................23
1.3. Things to consider before SaaS implementation................................................................23
 2. IaaS (Platform as a Service)...................................................................................................23
2.1. Benefits.................................................................................................................................23
2.2. Why should one opt IaaS?...................................................................................................23
2.3. Things to consider before IaaS implementation.................................................................24
3. PaaS (Software as a Service).................................................................................................24
3.1. Benefits.................................................................................................................................24
3.2. Why should one opt PaaS?..................................................................................................24
3.3. Things to consider before PaaS implementation................................................................25
4. Chosen Service Model..........................................................................................................25
M2 Demonstrate these deployment models with real world examples.............................................25
1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)...........................................................................................26
2. PaaS (Platform as a Service)..................................................................................................26
3. SaaS (Software as a Service).................................................................................................27
D1 Justify the tools chosen to realize a Cloud Computing solution....................................................28
1. Justification why the chosen deployment model is appropriate for the given scenario.........28
2. Justification why the chosen service model is appropriate for the given scenario.................28
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................30

Table of Figures
Figure 1 Definition of Cloud computing.....................................................................................................1
Figure 2 Popularity of cloud computing.....................................................................................................5
Figure 3 Cloud Computing..........................................................................................................................7
Figure 4 Cloud computing...........................................................................................................................7
Figure 5 Architectual design.......................................................................................................................8
Figure 6 Deploy application on cloud computig diagrams.........................................................................8
Figure 7 Public Cloud................................................................................................................................13
Figure 8 Community Cloud.......................................................................................................................16
Figure 9 Hybrid Cloud...............................................................................................................................18
Figure 10 Basic cloud service models.......................................................................................................20
Figure 11 User and service provider responsibilities of cloud service models: (a) IaaS, (b) PaaS, and (c)
SaaS...........................................................................................................................................................21
Figure 12 Deployment and delivery of different cloud service delivery models.....................................22
 ASSIGNMENT 1 ANSWERS
P1 Analyse the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can
be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and servers, you can access
technology services, such as computing power, storage, and databases, on an as- needed basis from a
cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Figure 1 Definition of Cloud computing

1. Report on the evolution of computing focusing on the networking paradigm.

1.1. Peer – to – peer Computing

Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks
or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application.
They are said to form a peer-to-peer network of nodes.
Peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk storage or network bandwidth,
directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination by servers or
stable hosts. Peers are both suppliers and consumers of resources, in contrast to the traditional client–
server model in which the consumption and supply of resources is divided.

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While P2P systems had previously been used in many application domains, the architecture was
popularized by the file sharing system Napster, originally released in 1999.The concept has inspired
new structures and philosophies in many areas of human interaction. In such social contexts, peer-to-
peer as a meme refers to the egalitarian social networking that has emerged throughout society, enabled
by Internet technologies in general.

1.2. Client-Server Computing

Client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between
the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.Often
clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and
server may reside in the same system. A server host runs one or more server programs, which share
their resources with clients. A client usually does not share any of its resources, but it requests content
or service from a server. Clients, therefore, initiate communication sessions with servers, which await
incoming requests. Examples of computer applications that use the client–server model are email,
network printing, and the World Wide Web.
1.3. Distributed Computing
Distributed computing is also a computing system that consists of multiple computers or processor
machines connected through a network, which can be homogeneous or heterogeneous, but run as a
single system. The connectivity can be such that the CPUs in a distributed system can be physically
close together and connected by a local network, or they can be geographically distant and connected
by a wide area network. The heterogeneity in a distributed system supports any number of possible
configurations in the processor machines, such as mainframes, PCs, workstations, and minicomputers.
The goal of distributed computing is to make such a network work as a single computer. Distributed
computing systems are advantageous over centralized systems, because there is a support for the
following characteristic features:
 Scalability: It is the ability of the system to be easily expanded by adding more machines as
needed, and vice versa, without affecting the existing setup.
 Redundancy or replication: Here, several machines can provide the same services, so that
even if one is unavailable (or failed), work does not stop because other similar computing
supports will be available.
1.4. Cluster Computing

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A cluster computing system consists of a set of the same or similar type of processor machines
connected using a dedicated network infrastructure. All processor machines share resources such as a
common home directory and have a software such as a message passing interface (MPI)
implementation installed to allow programs to be run across all nodes simultaneously. This is also a
kind of HPC category. The individual computers in a cluster can be referred to as nodes. The reason to
realize a cluster as HPC is due to the fact that the individual nodes can work together to solve a
problem larger than any computer can easily solve. And, the nodes need to communicate with one
another in order to work cooperatively and meaningfully together to solve the problem in hand.
If we have processor machines of heterogeneous types in a cluster, this kind of clusters become a
subtype and still mostly are in the experimental or research stage.
1.5. High- Performance Computing
In high-performance computing systems, a pool of processors (processor machines or central
processing units [CPUs]) connected (networked) with other resources like memory, storage, and input
and output devices, and the deployed software is enabled to run in the entire system of connected
components.
The processor machines can be of homogeneous or heterogeneous type. The legacy meaning of high-
performance computing (HPC) is the supercomputers; however, it is not true in present-day
computing scenarios. Therefore, HPC can also be attributed to mean the other computing paradigms
that are discussed in the forthcoming sections, as it is a common name for all these computing
systems.
Thus, examples of HPC include a small cluster of desktop computers or personal computers (PCs) to
the fastest supercomputers. HPC systems are normally found in those applications where it is required
to use or solve scientific problems. Most of the time, the challenge in working with these kinds of
problems is to perform suitable simulation study, and this can be accomplished by HPC without any
difficulty. Scientific examples such as protein folding in molecular biology and studies on developing
models and applications based on nuclear fusion are worth noting as potential applications for HPC.
1.6. Parallel Computing
Parallel computing is also one of the facets of HPC. Here, a set of processors work cooperatively to
solve a computational problem. These processor machines or CPUs are mostly of homogeneous type.
Therefore, this definition is the same as that of HPC and is broad enough to include supercomputers
that have hundreds or thousands of processors interconnected with other resources. One can
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distinguish between conventional (also known as serial or sequential or Von Neumann) computers and
parallel computers in the way the applications are executed. In serial or sequential computers, the
following apply:
 It runs on a single computer/processor machine having a single CPU.
 A problem is broken down into a discrete series of instructions.
 Instructions are executed one after another.
In parallel computing, since there is simultaneous use of multiple processor
machines, the following apply:
 It is run using multiple processors (multiple CPUs).
 A problem is broken down into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently.
 Each part is further broken down into a series of instructions.
1.7. Grid Computing
The computing resources in most of the organizations are underutilized but are necessary for certain
operations. The idea of grid computing is to make use of such nonutilized computing power by the
needy organizations, and thereby the return on investment (ROI) on computing investments can be
increased.
Thus, grid computing is a network of computing or processor machines managed with a kind of
software such as middleware, in order to access and use the resources remotely. The managing
activity of grid resources through the middleware is called grid services. Grid services provide access
control, security, access to data including digital libraries and databases, and access to large-scale
interactive and long-term storage facilities.
Grid computing is more popular due to the following reasons:
 Its ability to make use of unused computing power, and thus, it is a
 cost-effective solution (reducing investments, only recurring costs)
 As a way to solve problems in line with any HPC-based application
 Enables heterogeneous resources of computers to work cooperatively and collaboratively to
solve a scientific problem.
2. Popularity of cloud computing
Cloud computing is gaining quality among mid-size and little business, sanctioning several businesses
to access to application code over high-speed net affiliation while not the requirement for investment

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in laptop code and hardware. Cloud technology may be a new buzz within the market, once it arrived
it had been not clear however its implication can have an effect on the business world. Most rife is its
quality within the client service area. Widespread adoption of this projected technology is predicted to
possess transformative effects not solely to little businesses however additionally to government
establishments and large businesses. Currently, there are a unit handful applications that supported
the cloud that area unit viable for business operations, not simply Google app, saleforce.com, and
share purpose platform. Myriad applications for accounting, business continuity, and collaboration
area unit availed by cloud technology.

Figure 2 Popularity of cloud computing

3. Persuade The Board Director to Use Cloud Computing in ATN

Cloud computing has been around for approximately two decades and despite the data pointing to the
business efficiencies, cost-benefits, and competitive advantages it holds, a large portion of the
business community continues to operate without it. According to a study by the International Data
Group, 69% of businesses are already using cloud technology in one capacity or another, and 18% say
they plan to implement cloud-computing solutions at some point. At the same time, Dell reports that
companies that invest in big data, cloud, mobility, and security enjoy up to 53% faster revenue growth
than their competitors. As this data shows, an increasing number of tech-savvy businesses and
industry leaders are recognizing the many benefits of the cloud-computing trend. But more than that,
they are using this technology to more efficiently run their organizations, better serve their customers,
and dramatically increase their overall profit margins.
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On the other hand, it's easy and handy to get the computing power and resources you need from your
provider when needed and pay for it. This will only cost you an investment or a reasonable expense,
compared to a huge investment when buying an entire computer infrastructure. This phenomenon
can be considered as capital expense as compared to operating expense. Because one can easily
assess the total amount of money needed for capital expenditure (total investment and maintenance
for computer infrastructure) and compare it to the moderate or smaller total required for hiring or
just using the computer infrastructure to adjust the time needed and the rest of the free time from
there.
Therefore, cloud computing is a mechanism for hiring or bringing the services of computing power or
infrastructure to the organization or individual level to the extent necessary and paying only for the
services consume. And cloud computing is needed to get the services of computing resources.
Therefore, one can say as a one-line answer to cloud computing needs that it eliminates a large
computing investment without affecting user-level computing use with only operating fee. Cloud
computing is very economical and saves a lot of money. A high benefit of this computing is that even if
your laptop is lost or due to malfunctioning of personal computers and desktop systems, your data
and files will be secured because they are not located. in the local machine (but located in the remote
location at the supplier's factory).
In addition, one might think to add security while accessing these remote controls. Figure 3 shows
several cloud computing applications. The cloud represents Internet-based computing resources and is
accessible through a number of secure connections. This is an increasingly popular computing
solution, especially among individuals and small and medium-sized companies. This is entirely suitable
for ATN company. In a cloud computing model, the organization's core computing power is external
and essentially registered rather than owned. Therefore, the use of cloud computing will bring high
benefits for ATN company.

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 Figure 3 Cloud Computing

P2 Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario.

Figure 4 Cloud computing

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Cloud Computing of ATN company is implemented as follows:
 Director (Admin) of the company can manage and control all data on cloud computing.
 Director (Admin) can check and track the store's product transactions through the dashboard.
 Store manager (Mod) has the right to edit the store's products through the dashboard.
Besides, Mod also has the right to update, delete, add and insert products quickly.
Architectural Design
 Store manager (Mod) has access to the database and has the right to edit and update the
store's items when the Director (Admin) makes a request to repair or change the database.

Figure 5 Architectual design

Deploy Application On Cloud Computing Diagrams

Figure 6 Deploy application on cloud computig diagrams

Build of the Application is completed, Admin or Mod has the right to publish the Application to the
Website via the Apache platform. Then, continue using the Heroku platform to upload the Website to
Cloud Computing.

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M1 Discuss why an organization should migrate to a Cloud Computing solution.
Simply put, cloud computing is computing on the internet. In the past, people used to launch
applications and software by downloading installers to personal computers or servers and then
performing manual installation and use. Cloud computing is different, it allows users to access similar
applications through the internet.
When you update your facebook status, you are using the cloud. Do you check your bank balance on
your phone? That is, you are also using the Cloud. Cloud computing can help you a lot in solving
problems in your business, when you have tons of emails to transfer or have to use dozens of
applications at the same time to manage work.
In short, Cloud is rapidly evolving to become the new normal. By the end of 2015, 90% of businesses in
the UK used at least one Cloud service.
Why do many businesses choose to switch to Cloud services? Because Cloud helps increase efficiency,
reduce costs and bring a lot of benefits to businesses. In this article, we will show 6 benefits that
businesses can see when using the Cloud:
 Flexibility
Cloud-based services are ideal for businesses with fluctuating and growing bandwidth needs. Using
Cloud makes it easy to expand / shrink the system in accordance with actual usage needs in each
phase, through remote administration tools. This level of agility and agility can bring many advantages
to a business. It's no surprise that CIOs and IT Directors have ranked "flexibility" as one of the top
reasons for choosing cloud computing.
 The ability to recover data after a disaster
All businesses of all sizes should focus on investing in data recovery, but for small businesses that lack
the funding and expertise this is far from ideal. Cloud computing makes it possible for more and more
businesses to invest in this trend. According to the Aberdeen Group, small businesses are twice as
likely as larger enterprises to deploy cloud-based data backup and recovery solutions. This saves time,
avoids wasted investment, and increases the trust of third parties.
 Automatic software update
The advantage of cloud computing is that the server is located outside the enterprise infrastructure, is
located in a safe place and gives the business peace of mind. Server colocation, server rental service
providers will help you "take care of" them and provide regular software updates – including security

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updates, so you don't need them. worry about maintenance or take time to maintain the system
yourself. Spend that time on other things, like how to make the company stronger.
 Reduce investment costs
Cloud computing significantly cuts down on hardware costs. You just pay for what you use and
experience all the top services. In addition, the installation and system administration will become
easier, making your seemingly difficult and scary IT projects more user-friendly than ever.
 Strengthen cooperation
When you and your colleagues can access, edit, and share documents anytime, from anywhere, work
frequency and efficiency increase. Cloud-based working, sharing applications help them update faster
in real time and bring greater collaboration.
 Work from anywhere
With cloud computing, you can work from anywhere with an internet connection, on multiple device
platforms: phone, tablet, PC... And results? Your business can work more flexibly, your employees can
enjoy work-life balance. One study found that up to 42% of people want to swap some of the cost of
working remotely. On average they would be willing to accept a 6% cut.
P3 Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario.
Deployment models can be defined as the different ways in which the cloud can be deployed. These
models are fully user centric, that is, these depend on users’ requirement and convenience. A user
selects a model based on his or her requirement and needs. Basically, there are four types of
deployment models in the cloud:
1. Private cloud
2. Public cloud
3. Community cloud
4. Hybrid cloud
Here is a comparative table that provides an overview of all five cloud deployment models:
Table 1 Compare four cloud deployment models

Private Public Community Hybird

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 Easy to set up, the Very easy to set up, Easy to set up Very hard to set up
provider does most of the provider does because of due to
Ease of setup
the work (unless the most of the work community practices interconnected
client asks otherwise) systems
Relatively easy to use Difficult to use if the
as members help system was not set
Ease of use Easy to use Very easy to use
solve problems and up properly
establish protocols
Low, the provider has Low, the provider High (if members Very high (with the
Data control
all control has all control collaborate) right setup)
Prone to failures and Prone to failures Depends on the High (with the right
Reliability
outages and outages community setup)
Very high as there are
Low, most providers
no other tenants in Fixed capacity limits High (with the right
Scalability offer limited
your segment of the scalability setup)
resources
cloud
High (if members Very high as you
Security and Very low, not a good Very low, not a good
collaborate on keep the data on a
privacy fit for sensitive data fit for sensitive data
security policies) private cloud
Little to no
Little flexibility,
Less than a private flexibility, service
Setup setups are usually
cloud, more than a providers usually Very flexible
flexibility predefined to an
public one offer only
extent
predefined setups
Cheaper than a
Members share the private model,
Cost Affordable Very Inexpensive
costs pricier than a public
one

The following sections explain cloud deployment models in further detail.

1. Private Cloud

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In this section, the private cloud deployment model is discussed. According to the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), private cloud can be defined as the cloud infrastructure that is
provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business
units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some
combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. The private cloud in simple terms is the
cloud environment created for a single organization. It is usually private to the organization but can be
managed by the organization or any other third party. Private cloud can be deployed using
Opensource tools such as Openstack , Eucalyptus . The private cloud is small in size as compared to
other cloud models. Here, the cloud is deployed and maintained by the organizations itself.
1.1. Advantages
The main advantages are:
 Control over how a cloud is setup and run
 Control over privacy and security practices
 Control over the geographical location of data
As you can see, private clouds are all about control. Some companies don‘t want to – or can‘t – hand
over their data to someone else. They want to have direct control of data at all times while keeping
the flexibility and scalability of public cloud technology. This is possible with a private cloud.
1.2. Disadvantages
Of course, this level of fine-grained control comes with trade-offs, including
 Much higher setup and maintenance costs
 Less redundancy and resilience (especially if you host the cloud internally)
 Less scalability
The biggest disadvantage is the extra cost. Hiring out a small portion of a much larger cloud is very
cheap, but building your own private cloud is very expensive. This means only large corporations can
realistically host their own private clouds. You‘ll also need a team of expensive experts working to
maintain your highly customized cloud to keep it up and running.
Also, even at a big company, a private cloud is going to be much smaller than a public cloud. This
means there will likely be less redundancy and backups of data in case of a disaster or attack. And, less
room for scaling up in case of usage spikes.
1.3. Who’s it for?

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A private cloud is just a public cloud that isn‘t open to the public. That means that it‘s ideal for a
company that wants cloud benefits but needs to avoid sharing computing resources with anyone. The
prohibitive costs required for a private cloud mean that it‘s only really suitable for big companies with
big IT budgets.
There are many companies that sell private cloud hardware, software, and services. Some of the
biggest players are Hewlett Packard Enterprises, VMware, Dell, Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, and Amazon
Web Services.
2. Public cloud
According to NIST, the public cloud is the cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for open use by the
general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government
organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. The typical
public cloud is depicted in Figure 5. Public cloud consists of users from all over the world. A user can
simply purchase resources on an hourly basis and work with the resources. There is no need of any
prebuilt infrastructure for using the public cloud. These resources are available in the cloud provider’s
premises. Usually, cloud providers accept all the requests, and hence, the resources in the service
providers’ end are considered infinite in one aspect. Some of the well-known examples of the public
cloud are Amazon AWS , Microsoft Azure , etc.

Figure 7 Public Cloud

2.1. Advantages
The main advantages of using a public cloud are:

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  Low price (sometimes even free)
 Scalable
 Location independence
 It‘s easy!
The big cloud providers like Amazon and Microsoft have huge pools of computing resources powering
their public cloud services. This has to massive benefits for you. Firstly, it means you can take
advantage of economy of scale. The cost of a large network is split between many people, so capital
overheads and operational costs drop for individual users. Many cloud providers even let you have a
certain amount of cloud access for free (e.g. Google drive).
Secondly, it means you have access to essentially unlimited computing resources instantaneously.
Traditionally, if your website suddenly had a 20x spike in traffic, your servers would be overloaded and
it would crash. Using something like Amazon Web Services, your website could scale from getting a
few visitors per hour to millions and never go down. And, you would only pay for what you actually
use.
The other key advantage of public cloud is its location independence and ease of use. You don‘t need
to worry about where you are, the location of hardware, setup, network settings, infrastructure, or
anything like that. Just plug in and pay for what you use as you use it. Businesses of all sizes are using
the public cloud for web applications, document collaboration, webmail, and storage of non-sensitive
data.
2.2. Disadvantages
There are some downsides that many companies can‘t ignore. The main ones are:
 Security concerns
 The law and location of your data
 Lack of control
Security concerns are a major roadblock for many companies. Especially ones that deal with sensitive
data. When using a public cloud, your application and data could be sharing servers and hardware
with anyone. That‘s a risk for some types of data, and straight up against the law for others. Also, with
public cloud, your data could be stored in another country where laws concerning data storage are
different.

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 2.3. Who’s it for?
Public cloud has some serious advantages, and that‘s why it‘s the most commonly used of the
deployment models. Check out this article for even more detail. It‘s ideal for small and medium
businesses, especially ones with fluctuating or growing demands.
The biggest public cloud service providers are
 Amazon Web Services
 Microsoft Azure
 IBM Cloud
 Google Cloud Platform
The 2017 RightScale State of the Cloud Survey found that public cloud is growing in popularity this
year. This is because public cloud providers are gaining more trust from big companies with their
sensitive IT assets.
However, the lack of control over factors such as privacy, security, and location of infrastructure
means that businesses with sensitive data or specific performance needs will need another solution.
3. Community cloud
According to NIST, the community cloud is the cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for exclusive
use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g.,
mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be owned, managed,
and operated by one or more of the organizations in the community, a third party, or some
combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. It is a further extension of the private cloud.
Here, a private cloud is shared between several organizations. Either the organizations or a single
organization may collectively maintain the cloud.
The main advantage of the public cloud is that the organizations are able to share the resources among
themselves based on specific concerns. Thus, here the organizations are able to extract the power of the
cloud, which is much bigger than the private cloud, and at the same time, they are able to use it at a
usually less cost. The community is formed based on any common cause, but eventually, all the
members of the community are benefitted. This model is very suitable for organizations that cannot
afford a private cloud and cannot rely on the public cloud either. Figure 6. describes the community
cloud.

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 Figure 8 Community Cloud

3.1. Advantages
Community cloud has many of the advantages of both public and private clouds. Those are
 Cloud configuration and security that meet the needs of your industry
 More scalable than private cloud
 Cheaper than private cloud
If public cloud isn‘t going work, and private cloud is too difficult, take a look for a community cloud in
your industry. Or, find some buddies and set up your own! The best-case scenario is that you get
cheaper access to a cloud that is configured in a way that suits your needs. Of course, a community
cloud needs to exist for this to happen.
A community cloud can be configured to comply with specific data laws or performance requirements.
And, because setup and running costs are shared between multiple organizations, the economy of
scale savings come back. Also, if the community is quite large, flexibility and scalability will be
increased for each individual organization too.
3.2. Disadvantages
The main drawbacks of using community cloud are:
 A community cloud doesn‘t exist for every community
 Compromise – won‘t get the full benefits of either public or private
 Firstly, there isn‘t going to be a community cloud to solve every problem. Community cloud is
the newest deployment models of cloud computing.

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Also, the community cloud deployment model is a compromise solution. That means you won‘t get
the full benefits of either public or private cloud. Community cloud will usually be more expensive
than a more generic public cloud, but won‘t allow for all the customization of a private cloud.
3.3. Who’s it for?
If your business has very similar cloud computing needs to many others, community cloud might be a
good fit. This will be highly dependent on what‘s available in your industry.
One example is NYSE Capital Market Community Platform. It‘s a kind of financial sector community
cloud. Another example is AWS GovCloud. Amazon has set up a community cloud to be used by all the
different parts of the US government that meet the legal and security standards they require.
4. Hybrid cloud
According to NIST, the hybrid cloud can be defined as the cloud infrastructure that is a composition of
two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities
but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application
portability.The hybrid cloud usually is a combination of both public and private clouds. This is aimed at
combining the advantages of private and public clouds. The usual method of using the hybrid cloud is
to have a private cloud initially, and then for additional resources, the public cloud is used. There are
several advantages of the hybrid cloud. The hybrid cloud can be regarded as a private cloud extended
to the public cloud. This aims at utilizing the power of the public cloud by retaining the properties of
the private cloud. One of the popular examples for the hybrid cloud is Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus was
initially designed for the private cloud and is basically a private cloud, but now it also supports hybrid
cloud.Figure 4.6 shows the hybrid cloud. The hybrid cloud can be further extended into a vast area of
federated clouds that is discussed in subsequent chapters.

Figure 9 Hybrid Cloud

4.1. Advantages
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Just like community cloud, the hybrid cloud deployment model aims to get benefits from multiple
deployment models. By having both a private (or community) cloud that works seamlessly with a
public cloud means you can
 Keep sensitive data safe
 Still, get some of the scalability and cost-effectiveness of public cloud
 Ultimate flexibility
Flexibility is the main drawcard of hybrid cloud. By combining different deployment models, you can
pick and choose the perfect balance between legal compliance, security, and scalability.
4.2. Disadvantages
The main challenges of hybrid cloud are
 Complexity
 Difficulty communicating between cloud models
 More expensive than public or community models
Combining multiple deployment models means things get complicated quickly. Making sure sensitive
data is completely separated from the more public parts of a hybrid cloud can be tricky. Luckily, many
cloud providers are encouraging businesses to use this model and will be happy to help you get set up.
4.3. Who’s it for?
Anyone that wants to pick and choose different elements from different cloud models can make use of
hybrid cloud. A common example is storing and analyzing sensitive data on a private cloud, but using a
public cloud for a website and public-facing applications. Another is to use a private cloud for base-
level processing, but have public cloud available for sudden spikes in demand that the private cloud
can‘t deal with. This is called cloud bursting, and many businesses are already using this idea to
increase uptime.
If neither public or private cloud meets all of your needs, perhaps a hybrid of the two will do the job.
Some of the biggest providers include Microsoft, VMware, Amazon Web Services, Rackspace, Hewlett-
Packard, IBM, Cisco, and Dell.
5. Chosen deployment model
For ATN company. The proposed option is to select the Public cloud because:
 Easy to use: You can set up their public cloud within a matter of few hours. It can be easily
bought on the Internet and deployed and configured remotely through the cloud provider

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 website. Your IT team can very easily configure and manage the set up remotely with just an
internet connection.
 Free infrastructure management: The cloud provider is responsible for the maintenance of the
hardware, software, and networks in the cloud. Therefore, you do not need to worry about
keeping your infrastructure up-to-date or worry about aspects like security and upgrades. It
allows them to run the infrastructure with minimal IT staff, thereby significantly reducing the
overall costs.
 High flexibility: Before the era of cloud, you needed to buy additional hardware, storage, and
software to prepare themselves for failure. This means that, in many cases, you had to
duplicate their efforts and costs for ensuring the iness continuity. With the cloud, the data is
automatically mirrored on the data centers located at other locations – freeing up the you
from worrying about data backup or excess costs.
 Cost effectiveness: An extremely flexible pricing structure is one of the top benefits of the
public cloud. Most of the public cloud providers give you the flexibility to pay by the hour. It
helps you, especially the small and medium-size, to tightly control their costs by paying for the
infrastructure only based on your needs. you can run their web applications without
committing to a fixed cost for servers, software, setup or maintenance.
 24/7 uptime: An extensive network of provider servers ensures improved infrastructure
continuity and uptime.
P4 Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario.
Cloud computing is a model that enables the end users to access the shared pool of resources such as
compute, network, storage, database, and application as an on-demand service without the need to
buy or own it. The services are provided and managed by the service provider, reducing the
management effort from the end user side. The essential characteristics of the cloud include on-
demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines three basic service models, namely,
IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, as shown in Figure 10. The NIST definition of the three basic service models is
given as follows:
 IaaS: The ability given to the infrastructure architects to deploy or run any software on the
computing resources provided by the service provider. Here, the underlying infrastructures

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 such as compute, network, and storage are managed by the service provider. Thus, the
infrastructure architects are exempted from maintaining the data center or underlying
infrastructure. The end users are responsible for managing applications that are running on top
of the service provider cloud infrastructure. Generally, the IaaS services are provided from the
service provider cloud data center. The end users can access the services from their devices
through web command line interface (CLI) or application programming interfaces (APIs)
provided by the service providers. Some of the popular IaaS providers include Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Google Compute Engine,OpenStack, and Eucalyptus.

Figure 10 Basic cloud service models.

 PaaS: The ability given to developers to develop and deploy an application on the development
platform provided by the service provider. Thus, the developers are exempted from managing
the development platform and underlying infrastructure. Here, the developers are responsible for
managing the deployed application and configuring the development environment. Generally,
PaaS services are provided by the service provider on an on-premise or dedicated or hosted
cloud infrastructure. The developers can access the development platform over the Internet
through web CLI, web user interface (UI), and integrated development environments (IDEs).
Some of the popular PaaS providers include Google App Engine, Force.com, Red Hat
OpenShift, Heroku, and Engine Yard.
 SaaS: The ability given to the end users to access an application over the Internet that is hosted
and managed by the service provider. Thus, the end users are exempted from managing or
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 controlling an application, the development platform, and the underlying infrastructure.
Generally, SaaS services are hosted in service provider–managed or service provider–hosted
cloud infrastructure. The end users can access the services from any thin clients or web
browsers. Some of the popular SaaS providers include Saleforce.com, Google Apps, and
Microsoft office 365.

Figure 11 User and service provider responsibilities of cloud service models: (a) IaaS, (b) PaaS, and
(c) SaaS.
The different cloud service models target different audiences. For example, the IaaS model targets the
information technology (IT) architects, PaaS targets the developers, and SaaS targets the end users.
Based on the services subscribed, the responsibility of the targeted audience may vary as shown in
Figure 11. In IaaS, the end users are responsible for maintaining the development platform and the
application running on top of the underlying infrastructure. The IaaS providers are responsible for
maintaining the underlying hardware as shown in Figure 11.a. In PaaS, the end users are responsible for
managing the application that they have developed. The underlying infrastructure will be maintained by
the infrastructure provider as shown in Figure 11.b. In SaaS, the end user is free from maintaining the
infrastructure, development platform, and application that they are using. All the maintenance will be
carried out by the SaaS providers as shown Figure 11.c.

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 Figure 12 Deployment and delivery of different cloud service delivery models.

The different service models of cloud computing can be deployed and delivered through any one of
the cloud deployments models. The NIST defines four different types of cloud deployment models,
namely, public cloud, private cloud, community cloud, and hybrid cloud. The public cloud is provided
for the general public. The private cloud is used by an organization for its multiple business units. The
community cloud is for some group of organization with the same goals. The hybrid cloud is any
combination of the public, private, and community clouds. The service delivery of cloud services
through different deployment models is shown in Figure 12.
The following is a brief description of the three types of cloud models and their benefits.

1. SaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

1.1. Benefits
o Affordable – SaaS is affordable as it eliminates the costs involved in the purchase, installation,
maintenance, and upgrades of computing hardware.
o Anywhere Accessibility – With SaaS, you can access the services from anywhere using any
device such as smartphones, which eliminates the constraints set by on-premise software.
o Ready to Use – You can quickly set up SaaS services so that they become functional in no time.
All it takes is that you sign up for the service to get access to fast and powerful computing
resources.

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 1.2. Why should one opt SaaS?
o With SaaS, communication, transferring of content, and scheduling meetings are made easy.
SaaS is the ideal choice for small-scale businesses that do not have the necessary budget and
resources to deploy on on-premise hardware. Besides, companies that require frequent
collaboration on their projects will find SaaS platforms useful.
o Studies reveal that Supply Chain Management, Business Intelligence, Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP), and Project and Portfolio Management will see the fastest growth in end-user
spending on SaaS applications, through 2022.
1.3. Things to consider before SaaS implementation
o opts for configuration over customization within a SaaS-based delivery model. The
configuration will allow you to tailor without changing the core product, whereas,
customization will make it challenging to scale with the constant updates and documentation.
o Understand the adoption and usage rates carefully, and set clear objectives to be achieved
with the SaaS adoption.
o Compliment your SaaS solution with integrations, and security options to make it more user-
initiated.
2. IaaS (Platform as a Service)
2.1. Benefits
o Minimize Costs – Deploying an IaaS cloud model eliminates the need to deploy on-premise
hardware that reduces the costs.
o Enhanced Scalability – As the most flexible cloud computing model, IaaS allows you to scale the
computing resources up or down based on demand.
o Simple Deployment – IaaS lets you easily deploy the servers, processing, storage, and
networking to make it up and running in no time.
2.2. Why should one opt IaaS?
o IaaS being the most flexible of cloud models gives the best option when it comes to IT
hardware infrastructure. IaaS is the right option if you need control over the hardware
infrastructure such as in managing and customizing according to your requirements.

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o Whether you are running a startup or a large enterprise, IaaS gives access to computing
resources without the need to invest in them separately. However, the only downside with
IaaS is that it is much costlier than SaaS or PaaS cloud models.
o According to Gartner’s latest report, the worldwide infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) market
grew 31.3% in 2018 to total $32.4 billion, and in 2019 its projected to be worth $38.9 billion.
This growth will continue well into 2022, where it’s expected to be worth $76.6 billion.
2.3. Things to consider before IaaS implementation
o Clearly define your access needs and the bandwidth of your network to facilitate smooth
implementation and function.
o Plan out thorough data storage and security strategy to streamline the process.
o Ensure a disaster recovery plan so that your data remains safe and accessible at all means.
3. PaaS (Software as a Service)
3.1. Benefits
o Minimal Development Time – PaaS reduces the development time since the vendor provides
all computing resources like server-side components, which simplifies the process and
improves the focus of the development team.
o Multiple Programming Language Support – PaaS offers support for multiple programming
languages, which a software development company can utilize to build applications for
different projects.
o Enhanced Collaboration – With PaaS, your business can benefit from having enhanced
collaboration, which will help integrate your team dispersed across various locations.
3.2. Why should one opt PaaS?
o PaaS is the preferred option if your project involves multiple developers and vendors. With
PaaS, it is easy to create customized applications as it leases all the essential computing and
networking resources. Being a different model, PaaS simplifies the app development process
that minimizes your organizational costs.
o Besides, it is flexible and delivers the necessary speed in the process, which will rapidly
improve your development times. A typical disadvantage with PaaS is that since it is built on
virtualized technology, you will have less control over the data processing. In addition, it is also
less flexible compared to the IaaS cloud model.

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 o A study by Market Reports World estimates that the global PaaS market will grow at a CAGR of
24.17% during 2019-2023 and will get valued at 28.4 billion USD by the end of 2023.
3.3. Things to consider before PaaS implementation
o Crucially analyzing your business needs, decide the automation levels, if it needs to be self-
service or fully automated.
o Clearly determine whether to deploy on a private or public cloud.
o Plan through the customization, and efficiency levels.
4. Chosen Service Model
For ATN company. The proposed option is to select the IaaS service because:
 IaaS is extremely suitable. The IaaS model is ideal for ATN companies wishing to scale
resources flexibility and agility.
 The extent to which the company's branches can easily choose to purchase additional usage
capacity is based on the usage of all its affiliates.
 ATN can control the entire infrastructure of the service and it also contributes to reducing the
cost of investing in hardware as well as the costs incurred for buying and using the storage.
 IaaS is an ideal solution for any company looking for an effective way to expand their
infrastructure needs according to user needs. Instead of working too much or too little, IaaS
makes it easier to customize for different needs.
M2 Demonstrate these deployment models with real world examples.
Most businesses use a combination of SaaS and IaaS cloud computing service models, and many
engage developers to create applications using PaaS, too.
SaaS examples: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, MailChimp, ZenDesk, DocuSign,
Slack, Hubspot.
PaaS examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, Windows Azure (mostly used as PaaS), Force.com,
OpenShift, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud.
IaaS examples: AWS EC2, Rackspace, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Digital Ocean, Magento 1
Enterprise Edition.
1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
IaaS businesses offer services such as pay-as-you-go storage, networking, and virtualization.

P a g e | 25
IaaS gives users cloud-based alternatives to on-premise infrastructure, so businesses can avoid
investing in expensive on-site resources.
IaaS Delivery: Over the internet.
IaaS Characteristics:
 Highly flexible and highly scalable.
 Accessible by multiple users.
 Cost-effective.
Ë IaaS Non-Ecommerce Example:
A good example of IaaS is AWS EC2.
EC2 provides scalable infrastructure for companies who want to host cloud-based applications.
EC2 users do not own the physical servers; AWS provides virtual servers.
So users only pay for the usage of the servers, saving them the cost (and associated ongoing
maintenance) of investing in physical hardware.
Ë IaaS Ecommerce Example:
Magento 1 Enterprise Edition can be either on-premise or IaaS depending on how the merchant
chooses to host their store.
In the case of IaaS, the merchant is paying Magento for the licensing of the software and then using a
third party vendor for the best web hosting such as Rackspace.
Merchants are able to pay for a hosting plan that meets their own needs without the cost of
maintaining their own physical servers.
The merchant is still responsible for installing and managing updates to their Magento software.
2. PaaS (Platform as a Service)
A PaaS vendor provides hardware and software tools over the internet, and people use these tools to
develop applications. PaaS users tend to be developers.
PaaS Delivery: Over the internet.
PaaS Characteristics:
 Accessible by multiple users.
 Scalable – you can choose from various tiers of resources to suit the size of your business.
 Built on virtualization technology.
 Easy to run without extensive system administration knowledge.

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 Ë PaaS Non-Ecommerce Example:
A good example of PaaS is AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers over 100 cloud computing services such as EC2, RDS, and S3.
Most of these services can be used as IaaS, and most companies who use AWS will pick and choose
the services they need.
However, managing multiple different services can quickly become difficult and time-consuming for
users.
That’s where AWS Elastic Beanstalk comes in: it works as another layer on top of the infrastructure
services and automatically handles the details of capacity provisioning, load balancing, scaling, and
application health monitoring.
Ë PaaS Ecommerce Example:
Magento Commerce Cloud (also known as Magento Enterprise Cloud Edition) is the most common
example of PaaS for ecommerce.
This enables the merchant to bundle their hosting as part of their package with Magento.
Merchants evaluating Magento go through a scoping process to determine their hosting needs which
is then bundled into their monthly plan.
Merchants still have full access to edit the source code of their Magento store and can fully customize
the application.
3. SaaS (Software as a Service)
SaaS platforms make software available to users over the internet, usually for a monthly subscription
fee.
SaaS Delivery: Over the internet.
SaaS Characteristics:
 Available over the internet.
 Hosted on a remote server by a third-party provider.
 Scalable, with different tiers for small, medium, and enterprise-level businesses.
 Inclusive, offering security, compliance, and maintenance as part of the cost.
Ë SaaS Ecommerce Example:
BigCommerce is an example of a SaaS ecommerce platform. BigCommerce provides complete
shopping cart software, as well as hosting infrastructure to the user, allowing businesses to create an
online shop within minutes without worrying about coding, hosting, or software.

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The BigCommerce platform also has regular updates that automatically roll out for users, and all the
software licenses, upgrades, and hosting costs are covered in the monthly subscription fee.
D1 Justify the tools chosen to realize a Cloud Computing solution.
1. Justification why the chosen deployment model is appropriate for the given scenario
The chosen deployment model is appropriate for the given scenario, because:
 Lower Total Cost of Ownership
Saving money is usually a solid business decision in ATN shop. The total cost of ownership over the
lifetime of a service is lower for a public cloud service. In a public cloud service, the focus of ATN shop
can stay where it belongs: core business. Without having to buy hardware and licenses, or budget for
upgrades and maintenance. Maintenance, scaling and upgrades don’t involve downtime and work.
That work can now go into your own products and services and generate revenue.
 Only pay for what ATN shope uses
Yes, more money savings! With a public cloud service ATN shop is only paying for what ATN shope
uses. ATN shop is not paying for downtime, whether planned or unplanned. ATN shop is not paying for
extra capacity. ATN shop is not paying for redundancy in case of failure. ATN shop is only paying for
the time that your services are actually running.
 Better security
A part of the hassle of maintaining our in-house systems is data security. Not only do you have to
make sure that all the latest security patches are in place. ATN shop also need to make sure that all
data is encrypted in traffic, as well as during storage. Going with a public cloud service means that’s
another line item in your budget that you can cross out.
2. Justification why the chosen service model is appropriate for the given scenario
The chosen service model is appropriate for the given scenario, because:
 Cost savings
One of the pivotal reasons why companies choose IaaS is cost. IaaS allows businesses to start with and
maintain lower infrastructure costs. By using IaaS, not only does a business not need to invest initial
capital in creating servers, hardware, and storage infrastructure from the start, IaaS also reduces
maintenance fees and IT services. These kinds of savings are especially productive for mid-range
companies; IaaS manages startup cost and provides a pay-as-you-go system that can be cost to scale.
 Scaling and flexibility

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IaaS offer dynamic scaling and flexibility. Because IaaS providers keep the physical hardware, servers,
and storage, companies can add or subtract necessary infrastructure based on their current needs.
Companies that see spikes in server usage do not need to allocate infrastructure for their maximum
amount of usage. Instead, the IaaS provider can offer the necessary amount of infrastructure at any
time. Additionally, IaaS provides flexibility, allowing access in any location or space.
 Full control of the VM
Because customers control their own virtual machines, they have the flexibility to build their own VM
and run any software they’d like. Essentially, users have maximum control over their virtual
infrastructure without the overhead costs or large-scale maintenance that hardware requires. In other
words, IaaS allows a company to tailor their virtual infrastructure to their needs, framing the
architecture in ways that are most proactive and efficient for their company.

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